1、1跟单信用证统一惯例（UCP600）于强2006.11 宁波个人简介于强，中国人民大学经济学硕士、高级经济师、国际商会中国国家委员会（ICC-CHINA）银行委员会委员。1983 年加入中国银行，1999 年到香港工作，曾先后担任中国银行香港分行押汇部经理、中银集团港澳管理处业务管理部经理、中银（香港）发展规划部高级经理等职，并应邀担任香港金融管理学院等培训机构兼职讲师。2004 年加入浙商银行，现任浙商银行国际业务部副总经理。主要研究领域：商业银行经营与管理电话：0571-87659728 电邮：网络社区：汇通国业论坛 UCP600 专题讨论区（）Welcome to visit 主要内容U
2、CP600 产生的背景及过程UCP600 与 UCP500 的比较分析UCP600 实施后对于不同当事人的影响UCP600 实施后出口商制单须注意的问题UCP600 实施后开证行拒付及拒付后单据的处理UCP600 产生的背景及过程信用证统一惯例 修订进程的“十年之痒” 1933 年国际商会第 82 号出版物1952 年国际商会第 151 号出版物1962 年国际商会第 222 号出版物1973 年国际商会第 290 号出版物21983 年国际商会第 400 号出版物1993 年国际商会第 500 号出版物（仍在实施中）2006 年国际商会第 600 号出版物（计划于 2007 年 7 月实施）
3、UCP600 产生的背景及过程UCP600 修订的背景自 UCP500 生效以来，银行实务中围绕 500 产生的争议层出不穷*。为此，ICC 于 2002 年初成立 UCP 修订工作小组，提出修订UCP500 的动议。国际商会有关 UCP500 的系列出版物Position Paper No.1,2,3,4 （修改/议付/非单据化条件/运输单据）Publication No.515/535/565/596URR525/ISP98/ISBP/Eucp *国际商会银行技术委员会遗憾而且关切地注意到，在 UCP500 实施以后，一些银行错误地解释和应用 UCP500 的一些条文。由于未能正确地运用这
4、些条文，其结果严重防碍了按照 UCP500 开立的跟单信用证的使用。 （Charles del BushChairman, ICC Commission on Banking Technique and Practice. Adopted from Foreword of Position Paper 1,2,3,4） UCP600 产生的背景及过程在 2002 年 4 月的 ICC 银行委员会会议上，各国代表对何时、如何修订 UCP500 未达成一致意见（我国赞成立即开始修订） ，但一致同意先对产生最多争议的七个条款进行评议。因为 ICC 提出的专家意见中超过 58集中在 UCP500 这七
5、个条款上。UCP600 产生的背景及过程在 2002 年 10 月 ICC 银行委员会会议上，银行委员会技术顾问GARY COLLYER 提供了一份评议七条条款的报告：第九条 C 开证行与保兑行的责任（共二十六次）第十三条 C 审核单据的标准（共四十三次）3第十四条 C 不符点单据与通知（共六十次）第二十一条 C 对单据出单人或单据内容未作规定（共二十九次）第二十三条 C 海运提单（共四十七次）第三十七条 C 商业发票（共二十六次）第四十八条 C 可转让信用证（共三十一次） UCP600 产生的背景及过程多份研究报告显示，高比例、高频率发生的信用证拒付现象日益危机信用证在国际结算中的地位。IN
6、 THE EVENT THAT THE DOCUMENTS PRESENTED WITH DISCREPANCY, A DISCREPANT FEE OF USD60.00 OR EQUIVALENT WILL BEN DEDUCTED FROM THE PROCEEDS.UCP600 产生的背景及过程From Introduction of UCP500：单据不符是信用证支付方式下一种极为普遍的现象，从 1993 年修订的跟单信用证统一惯例的前言可以看出：“一些调查表明，大约 5跟单信用证下的单据因与信用证不符或表面不符而被拒收，这降低了跟单信用证的效力，对参与有关产品交易的各方产生财务影响
7、，增加了成本，减少了进口商、出口商和银行的利润。有关跟单信用证的诉讼案激增也引起了人们极大的关注。 ” UCP600 产生的背景及过程From Introduction of UCP600：When work on the revision started, a number of global surveys indicated that, because of discrepancies, approximately 70% of documents presented under letters of credit were being rejected on first present
8、ation. This obviously had, and continues to have, a negative effect on the letter of credit being seen as a means of payment and, if unchecked, could have 4serious implications for maintaining or increasing its market share as a recognized means of settlement in international trade.结论：信用证正日益成为拒付的工具。
9、 UCP600 产生的背景及过程UCP600 修订的过程2003 年 5 月，ICC 正式授权 ICC 银行委员会启动 UCP500 修订工作修订工作的三层组织架构：The drafting Group （起草小组）The Consulting Group （咨询小组）ICC national committees （国家委员会）UCP600 产生的背景及过程The drafting Group 小组成员共 10 位成员，其中 8 位来自欧洲，其余两位分别来自美国和新加坡小组主席： Gary Collyer-ABN AMRO Bank N.V., London, EnglandThe Cons
10、ulting Group 小组成员小组由来自 26 个国家的 40 余位专业人士组成小组成员来自银行、运输及物流、保险等不同行业UCP600 产生的背景及过程UCP600 修订的过程FIRST STEP-REVISION PROCESS：全面回顾 UCP500 实施以来 ICC 发布的各类出版物、意见书及决定，吸收其中的合理条款。关于正本单据关于开证申请人与受益人详细地址关于预装船提单装运日期的确认5UCP600 产生的背景及过程SECOND STEP-GENERAL OBJECTIVE：全面反映近年来国际银行业、运输业和保险业出现的变化，并体现一定的前瞻性；五个银行工作日删除了运输行单据条款
11、明确了保险单据可以由代理人（proxies ）出具UCP600 产生的背景及过程全面检讨 UCP500 中的条款结构和文字措辞。从 A 组到 G 组分类的模块式组合到流水式条款通俗易懂、简约化的措辞 Nominated bank means the bank authorized in the credit to honour or negotiate or, in the case of a freely available credit, any bank. (UCP Draft June)Nominated bank means the bank with which the credi
12、t is available or any bank in the case of a credit available with any bank. (UCP Final Version)UCP600 产生的背景及过程THIRD STEP-CO-OPERATION：建立稳定的三级合作机制This revision of the UCP represents the culmination of over three years of extensive analysis, review, debate and compromise amongst the various members of
13、 the Drafting Group, the members of the Banking Commission and the respective ICC national committees. From Gary CollyerUCP600 与 UCP500 的比较分析Advising bankApplicant6Banking dayBeneficiaryComplying presentationConfirmationConfirming bankCreditHonourIssuing bankNegotiationNominated bankPresentationPres
14、enterUCP600 与 UCP500 的比较分析Article 2 Definitions For the purpose of these rules: Advising bank means the bank that advises the credit at the request of the issuing bank. Applicant means the party on whose request the credit is issued. UCP600 与 UCP500 的比较分析Banking day means a day on which a bank is re
15、gularly open at the place at which an act subject to these rules is to be performed. Beneficiary means the party in whose favour a credit is issued.UCP600 与 UCP500 的比较分析Complying presentation means a presentation that is in accordance with the terms and conditions of the credit, 7the applicable prov
16、isions of these rules and international standard banking practice. Confirmation means a definite undertaking of the confirming bank, in addition to that of the issuing bank, to honour or negotiate a complying presentation. UCP600 与 UCP500 的比较分析Confirming bank means the bank that adds its confirmatio
17、n to a credit upon the issuing banks authorization or request.Credit means any arrangement, however named or described, that is irrevocable and thereby constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank to honour a complying presentation. UCP600 与 UCP500 的比较分析Honour means: a.to pay at sight if t
18、he credit is available by sight payment. b.to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment. c.to accept a bill of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance. UCP600 与 UCP500 的比较分析
19、Honour means: a.to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment. b.to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment. c.to accept a bill of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the 8beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available
20、 by acceptance. Article 19. Bank-to-Bank Reimbursement Arrangementsa. If an Issuing Bank intends that the reimbursement to which a paying, accepting or negotiating bank is entitled, shall be obtained by such bank (the “Claiming Bank“), claiming on another party ( the“Reimbursing Bank“), it shall pro
21、vide such Reimbursing Bank in good time with the proper instructions or authorization to honour such reimbursement claims. (UCP500) 第十九条 银行间的偿付约定a开证行如欲通过另一银行（偿付行）对付款行、承兑行或议付行（均称“索偿行” ）履行偿付时，开证行应及时向偿付行发出对此类索偿予以偿付的适当指示或授权。hono(u)r 英汉简明辞典 n.尊敬, 敬意, 荣誉, 光荣vt.尊敬, 给以荣誉现代英汉综合大辞典vt.给.以光荣; 礼遇; 赐给尊敬; 崇拜【商】承兑;
22、 兑现 hono(u)r a check 承兑支票UCP600 与 UCP500 的比较分析Honour means: a.to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment. 9b.to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment. c.to accept a bill of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the beneficiary
23、and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance. UCP600 与 UCP500 的比较分析Issuing bank means the bank that issues a credit at the request of an applicant or on its own behalf. Negotiation means the purchase by the nominated bank of drafts (drawn on a bank other than the nominated bank) and/
24、or documents under a complying presentation, by advancing or agreeing to advance funds to the beneficiary on or before the banking day on which reimbursement is due to the nominated bank. UCP600 与 UCP500 的比较分析关于议付UCP500 Article 10 （信用证的种类）Negotiation means the giving of value for Draft(s) and/or doc
25、ument(s) by the bank authorized to negotiate. Mere examination of the documents without giving of value does not constitute a negotiation.UCP600 与 UCP500 的比较分析UCP500 Article 9 （开证行与保兑行的责任）An irrevocable Credit constitutes a definite undertaking of the Issuing Bank, provided that the stipulated docum
26、ents are presented to the Nominated Bank or to the Issuing Bank and that the terms and conditions of the Credit are complied with: 10If the Credit provides for negotiation to pay without recourse to drawers and/or bona fide holders, Draft(s) drawn by the Beneficiary and/or document(s) presented unde
27、r the CreditUCP600 与 UCP500 的比较分析ICC Position Paper No 2 （第二号意见书）The Banking Commission wishes to clarify that for the purposes of UCP 500, the phrase giving of value in sub-Article 10(b)(ii) may be interpreted as either making immediate payment (e.g. by cash, by cheque, by remittance through a Clea
28、ring System or by credit to an account) or undertaking an obligation to make payment (other than giving a deferred payment undertaking or accepting a draft).UCP600 与 UCP500 的比较分析ICC Publication No.459：关于追索权议付行在任何情况下均享有追索权，除非该行保兑了信用证（The Commission finally decided to make a distinction between credit
29、s available through payment and credit available through negotiation. As to the former ( available through payment),any recourse by the advising bank vis-vis the beneficiary was to be excluded if it had not expressed a reservation when making its payment. As to the latter credits ( available through negotiation), the advising bank always had a right of recourse, unless it had confirmed the credit.）UCP600 与 UCP500 的比较分析ICC Publication No.596 R259：议付的追索权银行提供议付时所要求的条件，即是否保留追索权，不能由 ICC
