1、 英语（二）试题 第 页 （共 10 页）12017 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, w
2、ith academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exc
3、lusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have
4、been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10
5、the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other en
6、ds in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These
7、days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard days work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I dont have to work, I might feel rather
8、different”perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1A boasting B denying C warning D ensuring英语（二）试题 第 页 （共 10 页）2【答案】C warning2A inequality B instability C unreliability D uncertainty【答案】A inequality3A policy Bguide
9、line C resolution D prediction【答案】D prediction4A characterized Bdivided C balanced Dmeasured【答案】A characterized 5A wisdom B meaning C glory D freedom【答案】B meaning6A Instead B Indeed C Thus D Nevertheless 【答案】B Indeed7A rich B urban Cworking D educated 【答案】C working8A explanation B requirement C comp
10、ensation D substitute【答案】A explanation9A under B beyond C alongside D among【答案】D among10A leave behind B make up C worry about D set aside【答案】C worry about11A statistically B occasionally C necessarily D economically【答案】C necessarily12A chances B downsides C benefits D principles【答案】B downsides13A a
11、bsence B height C face D course【答案】A absence14A disturb B restore C exclude D yield【答案】D yield15A model B practice C virtue D hardship【答案】C virtue16A tricky B lengthy C mysterious D scarce【答案】D scarce17A demands B standards C qualities D threats【答案】A demands18A ignored B tired C confused D starved 【
12、答案】B tired 19A off B against C behind D into【答案】D into 20A technological B professional C educational D interpersonal【答案】B professional英语（二）试题 第 页 （共 10 页）3Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
13、Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousand
14、s of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where Londons Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad
15、would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2
16、 million in the runup to 2012but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retro
17、spections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as the
18、re is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state gettin
19、g involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for 英语（二）试题 第 页 （共 10 页）4government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis
20、and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need
21、 to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .A gained great popularityB created many jobsC strengthened community tiesD become an official festival【答案】A gained great popularity22. The author believes that Londons
22、 Olympic“legacy” has failed to .A boost population growthB promote sport participationC improve the citys imageD increase sport hours in schools【答案】B promote sport participation23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .A aims at discovering talentsB focuses on mass competitionC does no
23、t emphasize elitismD does not attract first-timers【答案】C does not emphasize elitism24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .A organize “grassroots” sports eventsB supervise local sports associationsC increase funds for sports clubsD invest in public sports facilities【答
24、案】D invest in public sports facilities25. The authors attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .A tolerantB criticalC uncertainD sympathetic【答案】B criticalText 2英语（二）试题 第 页 （共 10 页）5With so much focus on childrens use of screens, its easy for parents to forget about their own screen us
25、e. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and t
26、ablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of
27、 tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsiveas they often are when absorbed in a deviceit
28、 can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social fe
29、edback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention. “Parents dont have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need
30、,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “Its based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ide
31、ology that says if youre failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isnt learning from the screen doesnt mean theres no value to itparticularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from t
32、heir child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to _.A sim
33、plify routine mattersB absorb user attentionC better interpersonal relationsD increase work efficiency【答案】B absorb user attention27. Radeskys food-testing exercise shows that mothers use of devices _.A takes away babies appetiteB distracts childrens attentionC slows down babies verbal developmentD r
34、educes mother-child communication【答案】D reduces mother-child communication28. Radeskys cites the “still face experiment” to show that _.A it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange英语（二）试题 第 页 （共 10 页）6C children are insensitive
35、to changes in their parents moodD parents need to respond to childrens emotional needs【答案】D parents need to respond to childrens emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_.A protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB teach their kids at least 30,000 words
36、 a year C ensure constant interaction with their children D remain concerned about kids use of screens【答案】C ensure constant interaction with their children 30. According to Tronick, kids use of screens may_.A give their parents some free timeB make their parents more creative C help them with their
37、homeworkD help them become more attentive【答案】A give their parents some free timeText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap
38、year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesnt it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesnt feel natural to spend a year doing something that isnt academic.But while this may be true, its not a good enough reason to condemn
39、gap years. Theres always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuitsin
40、 fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence
41、, new responsibilities and environmental changesall things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather
42、 than acclimation blunders.If youre not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their maj
43、ors at least once. This isnt surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. Its not necessarily a bad thing, but dependi
44、ng on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. 英语（二）试题 第 页 （共 10 页）7At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially
45、 can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .A they think it academically misleadingB they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC it feels strange to do differently from othersD it seems worthless to take off-campus
46、 courses【答案】C it feels strange to do differently from others32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .A keep students from being unrealisticB lower risks in choosing careersC ease freshmens financial burdensD relieve freshmen of pressures【答案】D relieve freshmen of pres
47、sures33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .A adaptationB application C motivationD competition【答案】A adaptation34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .A avoid academic failuresB establish long-term goalsC switch to another collegeD decide on the right major【答案】D decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text
