管理学复习1.Who are managers? A Manager is someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals.管理者是这样的人,他同别人一起工作或通过协调其他人的活动的方式实现组织目标。First-line managers (supervisor)Middle managers (plant/division manager)Top managers (CEO/president)Non-managerial employeeEfficiency Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs.效率是指以最少的投入获得最大的产出。Effectiveness Effectiveness is concerne