1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文FOREIGNINVESTMENTANDDEVELOPMENTTHEROLEOFDOMESTICPOLICYANDINTERNATIONALINVESTMENTAGREEMENTSALLDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESPARTICIPATE,TOGREATERORLESSERDEGREES,INTHEGLOBALCOMPETITIONFORFOREIGNINVESTMENTBUTATTRACTINGINVESTMENTISNOTTHEONLYCHALLENGEHARNESSINGFOREIGNINVESTMENTTOACHIEVESUSTAINABLEDE
2、VELOPMENTISOFTENEVENMOREDIFFICULTWHATISNEEDEDTOADDRESSTHESETWINCHALLENGESVARIESFROMONECOUNTRYTOTHENEXTTHISARTICLEARGUESTHATFORMOSTDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESCREATINGTHERIGHTDOMESTICPOLICYENVIRONMENTISNECESSARYBUT,FORSOMECOUNTRIESATLEAST,WILLNOTBESUFFICIENTTOATTRACTINVESTMENTORENSURETHATITCONTRIBUTESTODEVELO
3、PMENTNEWKINDSOFINTERNATIONALINVESTMENTAGREEMENTSIIATHATDOABETTERJOBOFPROMOTINGMORESTABLEINVESTMENTFLOWSANDSUPPORTINGSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTARENEEDEDFOREIGNDIRECTINVESTMENTFDIFLOWSINTODEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESINCREASEDSIGNIFICANTLYIN2006,REACHINGUS3791BILLION,THEIRHIGHESTEVERLEVELSTHEPERCENTAGEOFGLOBALINVES
4、TMENTINFLOWSGOINGTODEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESIN2006EXCEEDEDTHEIRAVERAGEANNUALPERCENTAGESHAREFROM19952000,THOUGHTHEIRSHAREDECLINEDSLIGHTLYTO29PERCENT,DOWNFROM332PERCENTIN2005,DUETOEVENFASTERRATESOFINCREASEININVESTMENTFLOWSINTODEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESFDIINFLOWSARECRITICALLYIMPORTANTFORGROWTHSINCE1994,FDIHASREPRESE
5、NTEDTHELARGESTCOMPONENTOFTOTALRESOURCEFLOWSINTODEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESEXCEEDINGINFLOWSFROMOTHERPRIVATESOURCES,SUCHASLOANSANDPORTFOLIOINVESTMENT,ANDPUBLICSOURCES,SUCHASOVERSEASDEVELOPMENTASSISTANCEODAFDIEXCEEDED51PERCENTOFTOTALRESOURCEFLOWSTODEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESIN2006UNFORTUNATELY,THISAPPARENTLYROSYGLOBAL
6、PICTUREMASKSSIGNIFICANTCHALLENGESFORDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESSEEKINGTOREALIZETHEBENEFITSOFFDIFDIFLOWSTODEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESAREUNSTABLEANDUNEVENLYDISTRIBUTEDFDIHASBEENCONCENTRATEDINARELATIVELYSMALLNUMBEROFCOUNTRIES,MOSTLYINASIA,INCLUDINGSINGAPORE,INDIAANDMALAYSIAINMANYAFRICANCOUNTRIESANDLESSDEVELOPEDCOUNTRI
7、ESLDCAROUNDTHEWORLD,ODAREMAINSTHELARGESTSOURCEOFEXTERNALFINANCERECENTINVESTMENTACTIVITY,DRIVENBYTHESEARCHFORNEWRESOURCEWEALTH,HASPASSEDSOMECOUNTRIESBYENTIRELYACLOSERLOOKATTHEMAJORREGIONALGROUPINGSOFDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESCONFIRMSTHEUNEVENDISTRIBUTIONOFFOREIGNINVESTMENTACTIVITYFOREXAMPLE,FDIINFLOWSINCREA
8、SEDIN2006IN33AFRICANCOUNTRIESBUTFELLIN21INFLOWSINCREASEDINALLREGIONSONTHECONTINENTEXCEPTSOUTHERNAFRICA,WHEREINFLOWSDECLINED,INCLUDINGINCOMMONWEALTHMEMBERSBOTSWANA,LESOTHO,NAMIBIA,ZAMBIAANDSOUTHAFRICAOVERTHEPASTDECADETHESTOCKOFFOREIGNINVESTMENT,AMUCHMORESTABLEMEASURETHANINVESTMENTFLOWS,ATLEASTDOUBLED
9、IN3/4OFAFRICANCOMMONWEALTHCOUNTRIES,BUTSOMECOUNTRIESHAVESEENTHEIRSTOCKSOFFOREIGNINVESTMENTDECLINE,INCLUDINGBOTSWANAANDZAMBIALOOKINGACROSSTHEGLOBE,SIMILARDIVERSITYEXISTSSOMEDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESEXPERIENCEDSUBSTANTIALINCREASESININVESTMENTINFLOWSIN2006ANDANINCREASEININVESTMENTSTOCKSOVERTIMEBUTINVESTMENTI
10、NFLOWSINTOOCEANIADECLINEDBY11PERCENTIN2006ANDTHESTOCKSOFFDIINTHESMALLSTATESINTHISREGIONHAVEFLUCTUATEDWIDELYTHESTOCKOFFDIINFIJIHASSHRUNKSINCE1997,WHILETUVALUHASEXPERIENCEDAMASSIVEINCREASEASWELLASBEINGUNEVENLYDISTRIBUTED,FDIFLOWSTODEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESHAVEBEENHIGHLYVARIABLE,WITHSIGNIFICANTDECLINESFOLLOW
11、INGYEARSOFGROWTHIN1984,1997AND2002THUSWHILEINCREASEDINVESTMENTISFLOWINGTODEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESOVERALL,MANYCOUNTRIESHAVENOTBEENSUCCESSFULINATTRACTINGCONSISTENTINFLOWSOFFDIDEVELOPINGCOUNTRYFDIISCONCENTRATEDINEXTRACTIVEINDUSTRIESWHILETWOTHIRDSOFFDIWORLDWIDEISINSERVICES,INVESTMENTFLOWSINTOMANYAFRICANCOUNT
12、RIES,INCLUDINGCOMMONWEALTHLDCSUCHASTANZANIA,UGANDAANDGAMBIA,ARELARGELYCONCENTRATEDINEXTRACTIVEINDUSTRIESINSOMEAFRICANCOUNTRIES,INCLUDINGNIGERIA,THREEQUARTERSORMOREOFTHESTOCKOFFDIISINEXTRACTIVEINDUSTRIESDESPITETHESERVICESECTORORIENTATIONOFMANYCARIBBEANECONOMIES,ASIGNIFICANTSHAREOFINWARDFDISTOCKINTHER
13、EGIONISALSOINEXTRACTIVEINDUSTRIESINVESTMENTINFLOWSINOCEANIAARECONCENTRATEDINTHEMININGSECTORINVESTMENTINEXTRACTIVEINDUSTRIESTENDSTOBEPARTICULARLYUNSTABLECOMPAREDWITHOTHERFDIBECAUSEITISAFFECTEDBYVOLATILEGLOBALCOMMODITYPRICESASWELL,UNCTADHASFOUNDTHATINVESTMENTINEXTRACTIVEINDUSTRIESISMOREDIFFICULTFORHOS
14、TCOUNTRIESTOREGULATETOENSURECOMPATIBILITYWITHDOMESTICSTANDARDSANDDEVELOPMENTGOALSWORLDINVESTMENTREPORT2007SOMETIMES,FOREIGNINVESTMENTINEXTRACTIVEINDUSTRIES,WHICHISDOMINATEDBYTRANSNATIONALCORPORATIONSTNC,PRODUCESFEWNEWJOBSANDRESULTSINENVIRONMENTALDEGRADATIONANDSOCIALDISLOCATIONWHILEMOSTOFTHEFINANCIAL
15、RETURNSARECAPTUREDOFFSHOREFDIUNREALIZEDCONTRIBUTIONTODEVELOPMENTINJULY2008THESECRETARYGENERALOFTHEUNITEDNATIONSRELEASEDAREPORTTHATREVIEWEDTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHE2002UNMONTERREYCONSENSUSONFINANCINGFORDEVELOPMENTITCONCLUDEDTHATACTIONISNEEDEDTOENCOURAGELARGERANDMORECONSISTENTFDIFLOWSTOABROADERGROUPOFDEV
16、ELOPINGCOUNTRIESANDTOENSURETHATINVESTMENTACTIVITYLEADSTODEVELOPMENTTHENEEDISPARTICULARLYPRESSINGFORSMALLECONOMIESWHICHHAVESEENGROWTHRATESDECLINECOMPAREDTOLARGERLOWANDMIDDLEINCOMESTATESADDRESSINGTHISNEEDMEANSMAKINGDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESMOREATTRACTIVETOINVESTORSALLINVESTORSMAKEDECISIONSABOUTWHEREANDWHENT
17、OINVESTBASEDONTHEIREXPECTATIONSABOUTTHEFUTUREINLIGHTOFTHEIRSPECIFICBUSINESSSTRATEGYSOMEOFTHEFACTORSRELEVANTTOINVESTORDECISIONMAKINGAREOUTSIDETHECONTROLOFGOVERNMENTSACOUNTRYSNATURALRESOURCEENDOWMENTISANOBVIOUSEXAMPLENEVERTHELESS,DOMESTICPOLICIESINAHOSTCOUNTRYCANBOTHIMPROVEINVESTORSEXPECTATIONSREGARDI
18、NGTHELIKELYRETURNSASSOCIATEDWITHTHEIRINVESTMENTSANDENHANCETHEPROSPECTTHATTHEIREXPECTATIONSWILLBEREALIZEDMAKINGTHECOUNTRYMOREAPPEALINGASANINVESTMENTDESTINATIONINCOUNTRIESASDIVERSEASINDIA,CHINA,TURKEYANDINDONESIA,INVESTMENTHASBEENFACILITATEDTHROUGHDOMESTICPOLICYREFORMTOPROTECTPROPERTYRIGHTS,IMPROVETRA
19、NSPARENCYOFGOVERNMENTOPERATIONSANDREDUCEDISTORTIONSASSOCIATEDWITHADMINISTRATIVEPRACTICESINAFRICA,AFEWCOUNTRIES,INCLUDINGTANZANIAANDGHANA,HAVETAKENSIMILARSTEPSDEVELOPINGASTRATEGYFORACHIEVINGADOMESTICPOLICYENVIRONMENTTHATCONTRIBUTESTODEVELOPMENTASWELLASATTRACTINGINVESTMENT,HOWEVER,REQUIRESUNDERSTANDIN
20、GTHELINKAGESBETWEENINVESTMENTANDDEVELOPMENTFACTORSAFFECTINGTHEDEVELOPMENTIMPACTOFFDIATTRACTINGINVESTMENTISNOTANENDINITSELFTOBEDESIRABLE,INVESTMENTMUSTCONTRIBUTEPOSITIVELYTODEVELOPMENTSTUDIESTHATHAVEATTEMPTEDTOFINDACLEARLINKBETWEENFDIANDDEVELOPMENT,HOWEVER,HAVEBEENINCONCLUSIVETHEREISNODOUBTTHATFDICAN
21、CONTRIBUTETOECONOMICGROWTHANDPOVERTYREDUCTIONBYSUPPLEMENTINGLOCALSOURCESOFINVESTMENTCAPITALANDINCREASINGEMPLOYMENTANDLOCALTAXREVENUESASWELL,FDICANHAVEAVARIETYOFPOSITIVESPILLOVERSINTERMSOFIMPROVEDLOCALPRODUCTIVITYANDINNOVATIONANDTHETRANSFEROFNEWTECHNOLOGIESANDPRODUCTIONANDMANAGEMENTTECHNIQUESTHERECAN
22、ALSOBECOSTSDOMESTICINVESTMENTMAYBECROWDEDOUTANDDOMESTICCOMPETITIONANDENTREPRENEURSHIPMAYBESUPPRESSEDFDIMAYWORSENINCOMEINEQUALITYANDENCOURAGERELIANCEONTHEEXPLOITATIONOFLOCALNATURALRESOURCESATTHEEXPENSEOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFOTHERPRODUCTIVESECTORSOFTHEECONOMYINSOMECASES,THEACTIVITIESOFFOREIGNINVESTORSHAVEH
23、ADANEGATIVEIMPACTONHUMANRIGHTSANDTHEENVIRONMENTASNOTED,THERISKOFNEGATIVEEFFECTSMAYBEGREATESTINRELATIONTOFDIINEXTRACTIVEINDUSTRIES,THEMOSTIMPORTANTSECTORFORFOREIGNINVESTMENTINMANYDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESONEOFTHEBENEFITSASSOCIATEDWITHECONOMICACTIVITYGENERATEDBYFDIISTHATINCOMEFROMTHATACTIVITYMAYPRODUCETAXRE
24、VENUESTHATCANBEAPPLIEDTOFUNDSOCIALANDOTHERPROGRAMMERSDESIGNEDTOACHIEVEDEVELOPMENTGOALSINMANYDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES,HOWEVER,WEAKTAXATIONREGIMESMEANTHATGOVERNMENTSDONOTSUCCEEDINCAPTURINGANADEQUATESHAREOFTHEINCOMERESULTINGFROMFDIINCOMETHATISCAPTUREDISSOMETIMESSQUANDEREDRATHERTHANREINVESTEDTOSUPPORTLONGTER
25、MGROWTH,INCLUDINGFUTUREFOREIGNINVESTMENTWHETHERFDIWILLCONTRIBUTETOSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTWILLDEPENDONAHOSTOFLOCALFACTORSINCLUDINGTHENATUREANDABILITIESOFITSHUMANCAPITAL,THEEFFECTIVENESSOFITSENVIRONMENTAL,LABORANDHUMANRIGHTSSTANDARDSANDITSTAXSYSTEM,ITSREGULATORYCAPACITYANDITSCAPACITYTOABSORBTECHNOLOGY,
26、WHICH,INTURN,ISAFUNCTIONOFITSHUMANRESOURCESANDITSTECHNOLOGICALINFRASTRUCTUREHOWDOMESTICPOLICYCANAFFECTTHESEFACTORSTOENHANCEFDIDEVELOPMENTIMPACTISDISCUSSEDINTHENEXTSECTIONINVESTMENTLEDDEVELOPMENTTHROUGHDOMESTICPOLICYREFORMREFORMOFTHEINTERNATIONALFINANCIALARCHITECTUREANDASUCCESSFULCONCLUSIONTOTHEDOHAR
27、OUNDOFWTONEGOTIATIONSWOULDBOTHCONTRIBUTETOASTRONGERANDMORESTABLEBASISFORCONTINUINGINVESTMENTINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESBUTTHEONGOINGFAILUREOFTHEINTERNATIONALCOMMUNITYTODELIVERRESULTSINEITHEROFTHESEAREASMEANSTHATRENEWEDFOCUSMUSTBEPLACEDONOTHERSTRATEGIES,INCLUDINGDOMESTICREFORMINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESINGENERAL
28、TERMS,THEELEMENTSOFADOMESTICENVIRONMENTTHATENCOURAGEDEVELOPMENTTHROUGHFOREIGNINVESTMENTAREWELLUNDERSTOOD,HAVINGBEENMAPPEDOUTBY,FOREXAMPLE,THEOECDINITSFRAMEWORKFORINVESTMENT2006BASEDONTHE10AREASIDENTIFIEDBYTHE2002UNMONTERREYCONSENSUSONFINANCINGFORDEVELOPMENTANDTHEWORLDBANKINITSWORLDDEVELOPMENTREPORT2
29、005ACOMPREHENSIVEBUTNOTEXHAUSTIVELISTOFPOLICYAREASINCLUDETHOSETHATHAVEDIRECTEFFECTSONINVESTMENT,LIKEINVESTMENTPOLICYANDINVESTMENTPROMOTIONPROGRAMMERS,ASWELLASTHOSETHATHAVEINDIRECTEFFECTS,SUCHASTRADEPOLICY,COMPETITIONPOLICY,TAXPOLICY,CORPORATEGOVERNANCESTANDARDS,POLICIESFORPROMOTINGRESPONSIBLEBUSINES
30、SCONDUCT,HUMANRESOURCEDEVELOPMENTANDLABORMARKETPOLICY,INFRASTRUCTUREDEVELOPMENT,ANDFINANCIALANDPUBLICSECTORGOVERNANCETHEPARTICULARPOLICYMIXAPPROPRIATEFORASPECIFICCOUNTRYWILLDEPENDONITSINDIVIDUALCIRCUMSTANCESATTEMPTSTOTRANSFERREGULATORYSTRUCTURESFROMOTHERCOUNTRIES,ESPECIALLYDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIES,WITHLIT
31、TLEORNOADAPTATIONTOLOCALCONDITIONSHAVENOTPROVEDTOBESUCCESSFULASWELL,CREATINGTHERIGHTINVESTMENTENVIRONMENTISNOTAONETIMEPOLICYSHIFTBUTRATHERACOMPLEX,MULTIFACETEDANDLONGTERMPROCESSSEEBOXRECENTRESEARCHSHOWSTHATINVESTMENTPROMOTIONPROGRAMMERSCANHAVEAPOSITIVEEFFECTONTHEATTRACTIVENESSOFAPARTICULARJURISDICTI
32、ONONTHEOTHERHAND,TRYINGTOPICKWINNERSHASNOTBEENSUCCESSFULANDTHEWORLDBANK,AMONGOTHERS,ADVOCATESMOVINGAWAYFROMSPECIFICINCENTIVESTODOMESTICPOLICYMEASURESTHATIMPROVETHEGENERALCLIMATEFORINVESTMENTINHOSTCOUNTRIESWORLDDEVELOPMENTREPORT2005ANIMPORTANTBENEFITOFSUCHANAPPROACHISTHATREFORMINGTHEDOMESTICPOLICYENV
33、IRONMENTWILLPROMOTEINVESTMENTANDGROWTHGENERALLY,NOTJUSTFDIIMPROVEDTRANSPARENCY,FOREXAMPLE,ISLIKELYTOBEDISPROPORTIONATELYADVANTAGEOUSTOSMALLANDMEDIUMLOCALFIRMSWITHFEWRESOURCESTODEVOTETOCOMPLIANCEWITHGOVERNMENTREQUIREMENTSTRANSPARENCY,IMPROVEDEFFICIENCYINGOVERNMENTADMINISTRATIONANDMORESECUREPROPERTYRI
34、GHTSMAYALSOCONTRIBUTETOMOVINGSMALLBUSINESSESFROMTHEINFORMALECONOMYTOTHEFORMAL,WITHPOSITIVEEFFECTSONTAXREVENUESDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESSEEKINGTHERIGHTDOMESTICPOLICYMIXMUSTCONFRONTATENSIONBETWEENATTRACTINGINVESTMENTANDACHIEVINGDEVELOPMENTOBJECTIVESSTATESMUSTBALANCESOCIALNEEDSANDINVESTORPREFERENCESFOREXAMPL
35、E,REGULATORSMUSTDEVELOPANDENFORCESTANDARDS,INCLUDINGTHOSERELATEDTOHEALTHANDSAFETY,LABOR,THEENVIRONMENTANDHUMANRIGHTS,EVENIFDOINGSOWILLIMPOSECOSTSONINVESTORSDISINCENTIVESTOINVEST,HOWEVER,CANBEMINIMIZEDTOTHEEXTENTTHATSUCHREGULATIONISTRANSPARENT,EFFICIENT,PREDICTABLEANDFREEOFCORRUPTIONSIMILARLY,ANEFFEC
36、TIVETAXSYSTEMWILLBENEEDEDTOCAPTUREVALUECREATETHROUGHFDI,BUTIFTHETAXSYSTEMISFAIRLYADMINISTEREDINVESTMENTDISINCENTIVESASSOCIATEDWITHTHETAXBURDENWILLBEREDUCEDDOMESTICREFORMSCANBECOMPLEMENTEDWITHIIAINMANYCASES,ADOMESTICREFORMSTRATEGYISUNLIKELYTOBESUFFICIENTTOATTRACTSTABLELONGTERMINVESTMENTFLOWSSOMESTATE
37、SSIMPLYLACKCAPACITYTOACHIEVEDOMESTICREFORMS,ORSUFFERFROMRENTSEEKINGBEHAVIORONTHEPARTOFGOVERNMENTOFFICIALSANDOTHERSWHOBENEFITFROMTHEEXISTINGREGIMEALSO,SOMESTATESTHATHAVEREFORMEDTHEIRDOMESTICREGIMESHAVEEXPERIENCEDLITTLEINCREASEINFDIINFLOWSTHISMAYREFLECTFOREIGNINVESTORSCONCERNSREGARDINGTHECREDIBILITYOF
38、HOSTSTATECOMMITMENTSTOMAINTAINPROINVESTMENTREFORMSINTERNATIONALINVESTMENTAGREEMENTSIIAPROVIDECREDIBLECOMMITMENTS,THOUGH,ASDISCUSSEDINTHENEXTSECTION,EXISTINGFORMSOFAGREEMENTARENOTWELLADAPTEDTOENCOURAGINGINVESTMENTFLOWSTHATCONTRIBUTETODEVELOPMENTEXISTINGIIAPROTECTINVESTORSBUTDONOTPROMOTEDEVELOPMENTEFF
39、ECTIVELYTHEMONTERREYCONSENSUSCALLSFORANEWPARTNERSHIPBETWEENDEVELOPEDANDDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESINRELATIONTODEVELOPMENTFINANCE,INCLUDINGINCREASEDFDIINANYCASE,INCREASEDINVESTMENTITSELFISNOGUARANTEEOFPOSITIVEDEVELOPMENTOUTCOMESWITHFEWEXCEPTIONS,EXISTINGIIAARENOTDESIGNEDTOACHIEVEDEVELOPMENTOUTCOMESITISPOSSIB
40、LE,HOWEVER,TOIMAGINENEWFORMSOFIIATHATDOABETTERJOBOFATTRACTINGINVESTMENTANDPROMOTINGSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTSOURCEJANTHONYVANDUZERFOREIGNINVESTMENTANDDEVELOPMENTTHEROLEOFDOMESTICPOLICYANDINTERNATIONALINVESTMENTAGREEMENTSTHECOMMONWEALTHFINANCEMINISTERSREFERENCEREPORT，2008P24译文对外投资和发展国内政策和国际投资协议的作用所有的发展中
41、国家在更大或更小程度上参加全球性国外投资的竞争。但是吸引投资不是唯一一个挑战。利用国外投资去获得可持续发展通常难上加难。真正需要的是设法解决这些不同于其他国家的挑战。本文认为，对大多数发展中国家而言，创造良好的国内政策环境是必要的，但是对于另一些国家至少将不会充分地去吸引投资或者确保它有助于发展。新的国际投资种类（国际管理服务协会）是必须的，会更好的更稳定的提升投资流动和支持可持续发展。在2006年，国外的直接投资（国外直接投资）流向发展中国家非常显著，达到了3791亿美元，是他们的最高水平。全球投资流入发展中国家的百分比在2006年超过了他们的1995年到2000年的平均年度百分比，尽管他们
42、的股份从2005年的332下降，稍微下降到29，甚至更快的接近发达国家的比率。国外直接投资流入是逐渐增长的。从1994年开始，国外直接投资已经代表最大的总资源流入其他发展中国家并超过从其他私人资源流入的成分，如贷款，投资有价证券和公共资源，如海外发展援助。在2006年发展中国家的外国直接投资超过了总资源流入的51。不幸地，这看起来称心如意的全球局面，掩盖着从发展中国家寻找去实现国外直接投资的利益的重大挑战。国外直接投资流入发展中国家是不稳定和不规则地分布着国外直接投资已经集中的在一个相对小数量的国家，基本上在亚洲，包括新加坡，印度和马来群岛。在世界上的很多非洲国家和欠发达国家，海外发展援助依然
43、是最大的外部财政资源来源。最近的投资活动，被发觉是新资源财富驱使，已经被一些国家完全通过。近观主要的发展中国家地域归类证实了不规则的外国投资活动的分布。譬如，在2006年外国直接投资流入在33个非洲国家有增长，但是在另外的21个国家有所下降。除了在非洲南部流入量下跌，流入量在非洲大陆全部地域均有所增长，包括在联邦成员博茨瓦纳，莱索托，纳米比亚，赞比亚和南非。在过去十年，国外投资储备，是一个比投资流入更稳定的量，至少是3/4的非洲联邦的两倍，但是一些国家已经看到他们的国外投资储备下降，包括博纳瓦茨和赞比亚。在全球范围内来看，存在着很多类似的情况。一些发展中国家在2006年经历了可观的投资流入量增
44、长并随着时间的推移投资储备也有所增长。但是大洋洲的投资流入量在2006年下降了11，同时在一些大洋洲的小国家的国外直接投资储备波动很大。斐济的国外直接投资从1997年后衰退，而图瓦卢经历了一些可观的增长。除不规则得分布之外，发展中国家的国外直接投资从1984的下降,1997和2002年的发展之后已经发生了很大的改变。因此当增长的投资总体正在流向发展中国家，许多国家已经不能成功的吸引持续的国外直接投资流入量。发展中国家的国外直接投资集中在农业当全世界三分之二的国外直接投资是在服务业，投资流入了许多非洲国家，包括一些联邦不发达国家如坦桑尼亚，乌干达与甘比亚，而且很大的集中在农业。在许多非洲国家，包
45、括尼日利亚，四分之三或者更多的国外直接投资储备是在农业。尽管例如许多加勒比经济服务部门的外来直接投资存量在该地区的很大一部分也是在采掘业。而大洋洲的投资流入集中在采矿业。在农业的投资比起其他国外直接投资更加不稳定，因为这被全球物价影响。同时，贸发会议发现在采掘业的投资更难以东道国为确保国内的标准和发展目标的兼容性来进行管制（全球投资报告2007）。有时，在采掘业由跨国公司占主导地位，外商投资产生一些新的就业机会和环境退化的结果和社会混乱的投资回报，而最被捕获离岸。外国直接投资的贡献完成的发展2008年7月，联合国秘书长发布了一份报告，回顾了2002年实施联合国蒙特雷共识以来发展筹资的情况。它的
46、结论是行动是需要更大更一致的鼓励。外国直接投资流向更广阔的发展中国家以便确保投资活动的发展。尤为迫切需求看到小规模经济体增长率下降到更大的比率的中低等收入的国家。解决这需要意味着使发展中国家对投资者更具吸引力。所有的投资者在按照自己的特定的商业策略决定投资的时间和地点的基础上实现对未来的期望。其中一些因素是与投资者决策相关的控制范围之外的政府因素。一个国家的自然资源禀赋就是一个明显的例子。然而,东道国的国内政策能提高投资者对可能相关的投资回报的预期认识，使他们可能会意识到在这个国家投资对于他们更有吸引力，从而提高他们的期望。在不同国家里如印度、中国、土耳其和印度尼西亚，已通过国内政策改革保护产
47、权、提高透明度的政府运作和减少行政行为相关的行为来促进投资。在非洲，其他一些国家，包括坦桑尼亚和加纳，也已经采取了类似的措施。制定一项战略来改变国内政治环境，来有助于开发以及吸引投资。无论如何，要了解投资发展之间的联系。对外投资对发展的影响因素吸引投资不是一个自身的结束。投资者都为积极发展作出自己的贡献是非常可取的。在外国直接投资和发展之间已经尝试找一个很清晰的关系，然而还没有定论。毫无疑问，外国直接投资可以促进经济增长、投资资本的补充、增加就业和通过地方税收收入来减少贫穷的地方。同时，外国直接投资可以促进本地生产力的提高和创新与新技术的转让和生产管理技术方面的各种积极的外溢。还可以有成本。国
48、内投资可能被挤出国内竞争同时创新可能被抑制。外国直接投资可能恶化的收入不平等和鼓励在对其他生产部门的经济发展为代价对当地自然资源的开发依赖。在某些情况下,外国投资者的活动带来负面的影响人权和环境。值得注意的是,风险的负面效应可能是最大的外商直接投资关系，在许多发展中国家采掘业是外商投资最重要的部门。伴随经济活动所产生的对外直接投资的一个好处是外国直接投资活动可能会产生税收,可以应用于基金社会和其他项目,旨在实现发展目标。在许多发展中国家，然而，弱税收制度意味着政府也不会成功地获得适当的应得的对外直接投资所产生的收入。获得的收入，有时候被用来挥霍而非用于再投资支持长期的增长，包括将来的外商投资。
49、外国直接投资是否有助于可持续发展将取决于包括它的性质和当地的人力资本能力的许多因素，其环境，劳工和人权标准和税收制度，其监管能力和吸收技术的能力的有效性，这又是一个人力资源的功能，还有其技术基础设施。国内政策如何能影响这些因素影响,从而提高了外国直接投资的发展将在下一个部分。通过国内投资导向的发展政策改革国际金融架构和成功结束多哈回合的世贸组织谈判的改革都将有助于建立一个更强大和更稳定的基础，来继续在发展中国家的投资。但持续的失败在国际社会产生的影响也意味着这些领域的重建的焦点必须放在其他策略，包括在发展中国家的国内改革。总的来说，通过对外投资鼓励国内环境因素是比较容易理解的，例如，在投资框架（2006）中，投资经合组织以10个确定的领域为基础，这些领域由2002年联合国蒙特雷发展筹资问题共识和世界银行2005年世界发展报告确定。一个全面的，但并不详尽清单的政策范畴包括那些对投资有直接影响如投资政策，以及那些有间接影响的，如贸易政策，竞争政策，税收政策，公司治理标准，政策以促进负责任的商业行为，人力资源开发和劳动力市场政策，基础设施发展，金融和公共部门治理。特定的政策组合对于某一特定国家是否合适将取决于它的具体情况。试图转移来自其他国家监管结构的政策压力，尤其是发达国家，很少或根本没有适合当地条件来证明他是成功的。同时，营造一个良好的投资环境并不是一次性的政策转变，而
