1、1单元综合测评(三).阅读理解(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)A(2016西安质量检测)Stephen Hawking，who spent his career exploring the universe and even experienced weightlessness，is urging the continuation of space explorationfor future generations sake. The 71yearold Hawking said he did not think humans would survive another 1，
2、000 years “without escaping beyond our fragile planet”The British scientist made the remarks Tuesday before an audience of doctors, nurses and employees at CedarsSinai Medical Center，where he toured a stem cell (干细胞) laboratory thats focused on trying to slow the progression of Lou Gehrigs disease (
3、“渐冻人”病)Wellknown for his work on black holes and the origins of the universe, Hawking is famous for bringing mysterious physics concepts to the masses through his bestselling books, including A Brief History of Time, which sold more than 10 million copies worldwide. Hawking titled his hourlong lectu
4、re to CedarsSinai employees “A Brief History of Mine”Hawking was diagnosed (诊断 ) with Lou Gehrigs disease 50 years ago when he was a student at Cambridge University. He recalled how he became depressed and at first didnt see a point in finishing his education，but he continued his studies.Hawking has
5、 survived longer than most people with Lou Gehrigs disease because few people with Lou Gehrings disease live longer than a decade. People 2gradually have more and more trouble breathing and moving as muscles weaken and waste away. Whats worse, theres no cure. Dr. Robert Baloh, director of CedarsSina
6、is ALS program said he had no explanation for the physicists longevity. Baloh said he has treated patients who lived for 10 years or more.“But 50 years is unusual，to say the least， ”he said.Despite his diagnosis, Hawking has remained active. In 2007，he floated like an astronaut on an aircraft that c
7、reates weightlessness. Hawking had some valuable advice：Look up at the stars and not down at your feet. Be curious.“However difficult life may seem, there is always something you can do and succeed at.”【语篇解读】 本文是一篇人物介绍。主要介绍了 Stephen Hawking 这个人。虽然患有“渐冻人”症，但是他对人生的态度是积极的，并且取得了很多成就。1Why did Hawking thi
8、nk human should continue to explore space?ABecause the earth became too weak to support us.BBecause human benefited by exploring the universe.CBecause many people suffered Lou Gehrigs disease.DBecause it is good for future generation to be weightless.【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The 71yearold Hawking said he
9、did not think humans would survive another 1，000 yearswithout escaping beyond our fragile planet ”可知，他认为人类再过一千年如果不离开这个脆弱的星球就不会幸存下去。由此可推知，他认为人类应该继续探索宇宙是因为地球太脆弱了，不能供人类生存太久。【答案】 A2What do we know about Hawking?AHis book A Brief History of Mine was a best seller.BHis lecture A Brief History of Time is a
10、bout his life.CHawking got Lou Gehrigs disease when he was in his twenties.3DHawking has been in a depressed situation since he got the disease.【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The 71yearold Hawking”以及第四段中的“Hawking was diagnosed(诊断)with Lou Gehrigs disease 50 year ago.”可知，他是在二十多岁时患上“渐冻人”症的。【答案】 C3What does the un
11、derlined word “longevity” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?AHis poor health.BHis long life.CHis mystery disease.DHis weakening muscle.【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“Hawking has survived longer than most people with Lou Gehrigs disease”以及“But 50 years is unusual, to say the least”可知， “longevity”是指“长寿” 。【答案】 B4What d
12、o you think the authors attitude to Stephen Hawking?ASympathetic. BSupportive.CEnthusiastic. DRespectful.【解析】 推理判断题。本文描述了 Hawking 虽然患有“渐冻人”症，但是他对人生的态度是积极的，并且取得了很多成就。所以作者对他应该持敬佩的态度。【答案】 DB(2015陕西高考)When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally.The fouryearo
13、ld dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and，being a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction.Then she ran along the edge of a cliff (悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea.4Her owner Mike Holden panicked and called the coastguard of Cornwall, w
14、ho turned up in seconds. Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90minute search.Three days later, a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead. He comforte
15、d himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country.For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken. Then，one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holden if he would like his dog back.A birdwatcher，armed with a telescope, found t
16、he pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the alarm，a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.The dog had initially been knocked unconscious (失去知觉的) but had survived by drinking water from a fresh stream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep
17、 which had also fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin and hungry， ” Steve Tregear said. “It was a very lucky dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water， ” he added.It was，as Mr. Holden admitted， “a minor miracle (奇迹)” 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。一只叫 Judy 的狗在追赶一只绵羊时坠落悬崖，后来此处又遭遇了飓风。主人寻找
18、未果，伤心欲绝。没想到过了几周后，一个观鸟者却发现了这只死里逃生的狗，真是奇迹！5The dog Judy fell down the cliff when she was Arescuing her ownerBcaught in a hurricaneCblocked by a rockDrunning after a sheep【解析】 细节理解题。由文章第一段中的 The fouryearold dog set off racing 5after the sheep across several fields and.Then she ran along the edge of a c
19、liff and fell 100 feet.可知，小狗 Judy 是在追绵羊时坠落悬崖的。【答案】 D6Who spotted Judy after the accident?AA birdwatcher.BA student from Leeds.CSix volunteers.DThe coastguard of Cornwall.【解析】 细节理解题。由文章第五段中的 A birdwatcher，armed with a telescope，found the pet sitting desperately on a rock.可知，后来 Judy 被一位观鸟者发现，故选 A 项。【答
20、案】 A7What can we infer from the text?APeople like to travel with their pets.BJudy was taken to the fields for hunting.CLuck plays a vital role in Judys survival.DHolden cared little where Judy was buried.【解析】 推理判断题。由文章最后三段可知，Judy 坠落悬崖后靠喝悬崖下的小溪水活了下来，或许她靠吃与她一同坠落悬崖的那只绵羊的尸体而没有饿死，这只狗能幸存下来是一个奇迹。由此我们可以推断出，
21、运气对于 Judy 能幸存下来起了很重要的作用，故 C项正确。文章未提及人们喜欢带宠物旅行，故 A 项错误；文章也未提及 Judy 是被带到田里打猎，故 B 项错误；由文章第二、三、四段可知，Judy 坠落悬崖后，她的主人悲痛欲绝，而不是不大关心，故 D 项错误。【答案】 C8Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AMiracle of the Coastguard.6BSurviving a Hurricane.CDangers in the Wild.DComing Back from the Dead.【解析】
22、 标题归纳题。本文主要讲述一只叫 Judy 的狗在追赶一只绵羊时不幸坠落悬崖，但却死里逃生的故事，因此 D 项 Coming Back from the Dead(死里逃生)最能概括本文大意。A 项 Miracle of the Coastguard(海岸警卫队的奇迹)、B 项 Surviving a Hurricane(在飓风中幸免于难)以及 C 项 Dangers in the Wild(野外的危险)均不能表达文章大意。【答案】 DC(2015全国卷)Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you d
23、esign your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encour
24、age overeating， for people are often less selfconscious(难为情)when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one s
25、tudy，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint，go blue.Dont forget the clockor the radio.People who eat slowly tend to
26、 consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while youre at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to r
27、ush through a meal.7Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid
28、into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。当你在家里吃饭的时候，有没有担心自己吃得越来越多，正在变胖？快来看看吧，家里的环境，包括窗户和灯的亮度、墙壁的颜色以及吃饭的速度等都可以影响你的饮食。也许你肥胖的罪魁祸首就在你的家里！9The text is especially helpful for those who care about Atheir home comfortsBtheir body shapeChouse buyingDhealthy diets【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章首句 Your
29、 house may have an effect on your figure.(你的房子可能会影响你的身材。)以及下面几个段落中提到的建议可知，本文是关于如何不变胖的，所以那些“关心自己体形的人”会觉得本文特别有帮助，故选 B 项。A项“家的舒适条件” ；C 项“购买房子” ；D 项“健康饮食” 。【答案】 B10A home environment in blue can help people Adigest food betterBreduce food intakeCburn more caloriesDregain their appetites【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第三
30、段中的.people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.可知，人们在蓝色的房间里吃饭，要比在黄色或者红色的房间里少吃 33%的食物，故 B 项“减少食物摄入量”正确。A 项“更好地消化食物” ，C 项“消耗更多的卡路里” ，D 项“重新获得食欲” ，8都与颜色无关。【答案】 B11What are people advised to do at mealtimes?AEat quickly.BPlay fast music.CUse smaller s
31、poons.DTurn down the lights.【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.可知吃饭越快吃得越多，排除 A 项“吃饭速度快” 。根据第四段中的 If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.可知播放令人放松的音乐能让吃饭的速度减慢，排除 B 项“播放节奏快的音乐” 。根据第二段首句
32、 Open the curtains and turn up the lights.可排除 D 项“把灯光调暗” 。根据最后一段中的 When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.(选择大的汤匙要比用较小的汤匙多吃 14%的食物。)可知，应使用较小的汤匙，故 C 项正确。【答案】 C12What can be a suitable title for the text?AIs Your House Making You Fat?BWays of Serving Dinner
33、CEffects of SelfConsciousnessDIs Your Home Environment Relaxing?【解析】 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了墙壁的颜色、房间的亮度、吃饭的速度以及吃饭时使用的器皿大小等都与一个人的身材有关。因此 A 项“你的房子正让你发胖吗？”最适合做文章标题。B 项“提供正餐的方式” ，C 项“自我意识的作用” ，D 项“你家的环境令人放松吗？” ，均与本文的主题不符。【答案】 A9D(2016齐鲁名校教科研协作体调研)Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they mig
34、ht even be dirtier than their gasolinepowered cousins.People in California love to talk about “zeroemissions (排放) vehicles”， but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Apart from the few people who have their roofs cove
35、red with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators(发电机). Generators are fueled by somethingusually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal(地热)plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.In other
36、words，those “zeroemissions” cars are likely coalburning cars. Because the coal is burned somewhere else, it looks clean. It is not true. Its as if the California Greens are covering their eyes“If I cant see it, its not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon
37、of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas(or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity，you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heatat the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electri
38、city you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as far, so electric cars burn more fuel than gasolinepowered ones. If our electricity came mostly from wind or geothermal, or solar, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we dont use muc
39、h of those energy sources.In addition, electric cars batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When its a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is ver
40、y good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated， but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.【语篇解读】 很多人都认为电动汽车是非常环保的，加州人甚至普遍认为电动汽车10是“零排放汽车” 。事实确实如此吗？让我们从文章中寻找答案吧。13Whats the main idea of the passage?AElectric cars arent actually clean.BElectric cars are zeroemissions ve
41、hicles.CZeroemissions vehicles are popular.DGasolinepowered cars are more efficient.【解析】 主旨大意题。文章的首段就点明了主题，即电动汽车并非清洁、无污染，因为电能的产生很多时候也要消耗大量的能源，造成十分严重的污染，故答案为 A 项。【答案】 A14Which of the following words can replace “be clueless about” in Paragraph 2?ABe familiar with.BBe curious about.CFail to understand
42、.DShow their interest in.【解析】 词义猜测题。联系第二段内容可知，加州人之所以认为电动汽车是零排放的环保车，主要是因为他们没有理解或者忽视了电是从哪儿来的这个事实。故选“fail to understand”表示“没有理解” 。【答案】 C15It can be inferred from the passage that Aelectric cars batteries are poisonous for a long timeBnow electric cars are used more than their gasolinepowered cousinsCzeroemissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environmentDelectric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something
