1、本科毕业论文(设计)外文翻译原文PROFITMARGINANDCAPITALSTRUCTUREANEMPIRICALRELATIONSHIPTHISSTUDYCONSTITUTESANATTEMPTTOINVESTIGATETHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENDEBTTOEQUITYRATIOANDFIRMSPROFITABILITY,TAKINGINTOCONSIDERATIONTHELEVELOFFIRMSINVESTMENTANDTHEDEGREEOFMARKETPOWERTHESTUDYUSESPANELDATAFORVARIOUSINDUSTRIES,COVERINGTHEP
2、ERIOD199596THEMAINCONCLUSIONSOFOURSTUDYAREAFIRMSWHICHPREFERTOFINANCETHEIRINVESTMENTACTIVITIESTHROUGHSELFFINANCEAREMOREPROFITABLETHANFIRMSWHICHFINANCEINVESTMENTTHROUGHBORROWEDCAPITALBFIRMSPREFERCOMPETINGWITHEACHOTHERTHANCOOPERATINGCFIRMSUSETHEIRINVESTMENTINFIXEDASSETSASASTRATEGICVARIABLETOAFFECTPROFI
3、TABILITY1INTRODUCTIONTHESTRUCTURECONDUCTPERFORMANCEPARADIGMHASPLAYEDAVERYIMPORTANTROLEINSTUDYINGTHEDETERMINANTSOFFIRMSPERFORMANCEBAIN,1956MOSTEMPIRICALSTUDIESONTHATAREACONCENTRATEDONTHEEXPLANATIONOFPERFORMANCEACROSSINDUSTRIESBYREGRESSINGPROFITABILITYONSTRUCTURALANDCONDUCTVARIABLESATTHEINDUSTRYLEVELC
4、OLLINSANDPRESTON,1969INDUSTRYLEVELDATAWEREUSEDMAINLYBECAUSETHEYAREEASILYAVAILABLEASTHEDEFINITIONOFINDUSTRYISNOTSATISFACTORY,THEREHASBEENASHIFTOFEMPHASISFROMINDUSTRYTOFIRMFORTHEANALYSISOFTHESTRUCTUREPERFORMANCERELATIONSHIPSHEPHERD,1972NOWADAYS,THESTRUCTURECONDUCTPERFORMANCERELATIONSHIPISTESTEDBYTHEPA
5、NELDATAMETHODBECAUSEITSRESULTSTAKEINTOCONSIDERATIONSTRUCTURALCHANGEASWELLASCYCLICALFLUCTUATIONSDOMOWITZETAL,1986FEWSTUDIESHAVEUSEDFINANCIALINDICESASINDEPENDENTVARIABLESHALLANDWEISS1967,GALE1972,HURDLE1974,OUSTAPASSIDIS1998,INORDERTOEXPLAINDIFFERENCESINFIRMSPROFITMARGINSMOSTOFTHESTUDIESHAVECONCENTRAT
6、EDONISSUESSUCHASRDPOLICIES,ADVERTISING,ECONOMIESOFSCALE,ETC,TOEXPLAINDIFFERENCESINPRICECOSTMARGINSCLARKE1984,CONNOLLYETAL1984,CONYONETAL1991,FRANGOULI1999,GISSER1991,MARTIN1979,PAGOULATOSETAL1981FINANCIALFACTORSMAYBECONSIDEREDASSTRATEGICCONDUCTVARIABLESBECAUSETHEYAFFECTTHECOSTOFCAPITALANDTHUSTHEFIRM
7、SPERFORMANCETOMEASUREDIMENSIONSOFCAPITALSTRUCTUREANDUNCERTAINTYTHERELEVANTSTUDIESHAVEUSEDTHEDEBTTOEQUITYRATIO,EQUITYCAPITALTOTOTALASSETSRATIO,OWNCAPITALTOFIXEDASSETSRATIOORFIXEDCAPITALTOTOTALCAPITALRATIOTHERELATIONSHIPOFFINANCIALFACTORSANDFIRMS,INNOTALWAYSCLEARCUTTHISRELATIONSHIPHASBEENPROVEDEITHERP
8、OSITIVEORNEGATIVEHALLANDWEISS1967,GALE1972,HURDLE1974,SHEPHERD1994,OUSTAPASSIDIS1998THEPRESENTSTUDYTRIESTOINVESTIGATETHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENDEBTTOEQUITYRATIOANDFIRMSPROFITABILITYBYTAKINGINTOCONSIDERATIONTHELEVELOFFIRMSINVESTMENTANDTHEDEGREEOFMARKETPOWERTHEUSEOFBORROWEDCAPITALINCREASESTHELEVELOFINVEST
9、MENTUNDERTAKENBYTHEFIRMWITHOUTCAUSINGANYADDITIONALCOSTFORFIRMSOWNERSOTHERTHANINTERESTEXPENSESTHISINCREASESTHERETURNOFINVESTEDCAPITALBYOWNERSHOWEVER,BORROWEDCAPITALINCREASESTHERISKFORTHEFIRMSASWELLASFOROWNERS,BECAUSEBORROWEDCAPITALCREATESFIXEDEXPENSESIEINTEREST,THUSAMINIMUMPROFITLEVELISNECESSARYFORFI
10、NANCINGTHELEVELOFINTERESTTHESTUDYUSESPANELDATAONFIRMSFROMVARIOUSINDUSTRIES53FIRMS,ANDCOVERSTHEPERIOD1995962ANALYTICALFRAMEWORKANDVARIABLESTHEMONOPOLISTSDEGREEOFMARKETPOWERIS,EQUATION1PMC/P1/EWHERE,PISTHEPRICEFORTHEPRODUCT,MCISTHEMARGINALCOSTANDEISTHEPRICEELASTICITYOFDEMANDINTHECASEOFCONSTANTRETURNST
11、OSCALE,MARGINALCOSTISEQUALTOAVERAGECOSTACWHERE,EQUATION2ACWLPKK/QTHETERMWLSTANDSFORLABORCOST,THETERMPKKISTHERENTALCOSTOFCAPITAL,ISTHERENTALCOSTPERDRACHMASWORTH,OFCAPITALASSETSANDINCLUDESTHENORMALRATEOFRETURNONINVESTMENTTHETERMPKISTHEPURCHASEPRICEOFCAPITALANDQISTHELEVELOFOUTPUTFROMEQUATION1AND2THEEQU
12、ATION3ISDERIVEDEQUATION3PQWL/PQ1/EPKK/PQBYASSUMINGALINEARRELATIONSHIPBETWEENMARKETCONCENTRATIONANDMARKETPOWER,THENWEHAVEAVERSIONOFEQUATION3,HAYANDMORRIS1991,MARTIN,1994,WHICHCANBEESTIMATEDWITHFIRMLEVELDATATHELINEARVERSIONHASTHEFOLLOWINGFORMEQUATION4PMITA0A1CRTA2FITA3IITUTTHETERMPMREFERSTOFIRMSPROFIT
13、MARGIN,THETERMCRISTHEFOURFIRMCONCENTRATIONRATIOANDISANINDEXOFTHEMARKETPOWERTHETERMFREFERSTOTHEDEBTTOEQUITYRATIOANDISAMEASUREOFTHEFINANCIALSTRUCTUREOFTHEFIRMTHETERMISTANDSFORTHEFIRMSINVESTMENTLEVELANDCONTROLSFORTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFCAPITALINTHISWAYTHETERMSFANDIAREPROXIESFORTHETERMPKKTHEDATACOVERFIRMSFRO
14、MVARIOUSINDUSTRIESIECAPITALGOODSINDUSTRIESANDCONSUMERGOODSINDUSTRIESTHETERMPMHASBEENCALCULATEDASTHEPROFITSTOSALESRATIOANDISAPROXYFORFIRMSPROFITABILITYTHERELEVANTDATAWEREOBTAINEDFROMBALANCESHEETSPUBLISHEDINFORMATIONTHEFOURFIRMCONCENTRATIONRATIOHASBEENCALCULATEDASTHERATIOOFFOURFIRMSALESTOTOTALINDUSTRY
15、SALESTHERELEVANTCONCENTRATIONRATIOREFERSTOTHEINDUSTRYTHATEACHPARTICULARFIRMISOPERATINGTHETERMFREFERSTODEBTTOEQUITYRATIOTHERELEVANTDATAWEREOBTAINEDFROMBALANCESHEETSPUBLISHEDDATATHEFIRMSINCLUDEDINOURSAMPLEHAVEDEBTTOEQUITYRATIOSTHATRANGEFROMLOWLEVELSTOVERYHIGHLEVELS,THATISTHESAMPLEISNOTBIASEDASFARASDEB
16、TTOEQUITYRATIOISCONCERNEDTHETERMIREFERSTOINVESTMENTLEVELUNDERTAKENBYEACHPARTICULARFIRMINTHEPERIODCOVEREDBYTHESTUDYTHERELEVANTDATAWEREOBTAINEDFROMTHEFIRMSINCLUDEDINTHESAMPLETHELEVELOFINVESTMENTUNDERTAKENREFERSTOFIXEDASSETSTHEINTERTEMPORALVARIATIONOFPROFITSMEASURESUNCERTAINTY,ASOWNERSANDSHAREHOLDERSAR
17、ENOTABLETOFORECASTPROFITRATESTHEREFORE,IFAHIGHERDEBTTOEQUITYRATIOSHOWSGREATERUNCERTAINTYTHEN,HIGHERRISKMAYLEADTOHIGHPROFITMARGINHOWEVER,THEUSEOFBORROWEDCAPITALMAYINCREASETHELEVELOFINVESTMENTTHATAFIRMISABLETOUNDERTAKE,WITHOUTANYADDITIONALCOSTFORTHEOWNERSATTHESAMETIMEITINCREASESFIRMSANDOWNERSRISKDUETO
18、INTERESTEXPENSESTHEREFORE,AMINIMUMPROFITISREQUIREDTOCOVERINTERESTEXPENSESTHESIGNOFTHECOEFFICIENTA2MAYNOTBEEXPECTEDAPRIORISOMEEMPIRICALSTUDIESFOUNDAPOSITIVERELATIONSHIPWHEREASOTHERSTUDIESFOUNDANEGATIVEONEAPOSITIVESIGNMEANSANEFFECTIVEUSEOFBORROWEDCAPITALANEGATIVESIGNMEANSEITHERTHATTHECOSTOFBORROWEDCAP
19、ITALISHIGHERTHANITSBENEFITFROMTHEINVESTMENT,ORTHATFIRMSFINANCEDBYRETAINEDPROFITSAREMOREPROFITABLETHANTHOSEFINANCEDBYBORROWEDCAPITALTHESIGNOFTHECOEFFICIENTA1ISEXPECTEDEITHERPOSITIVEORNEGATIVEAPOSITIVESIGNMEANSTHATFIRMSPREFERTOCOOPERATEWHEREASANEGATIVESIGNMEANSTHATFIRMSPREFERTOCOMPETEWITHEACHOTHERTHES
20、IGNOFTHECOEFFICIENTA3ISEXPECTEDTOBEPOSITIVEFIRMSUNDERTAKEVARIOUSINVESTMENTPROGRAMSTHEIRINVESTMENTPROGRAMSMAYBECLASSIFIEDINTHREEMAINCATEGORIESIEINVESTMENTINFIXEDASSETS,INVESTMENTINRDANDMARKETINVESTMENTINDUSTRIALORGANIZATIONTHEORYCONSIDERSALLTHESECATEGORIESOFINVESTMENTASFIRMSSTRATEGICVARIABLES,THATISF
21、IRMSUNDERTAKEVARIOUSINVESTMENTPLANSINORDERTOCONFRONTACTUALANDMAINLYPOTENTIALCOMPETITIONINTHISWAYTHEIMPACTOFINVESTMENTONFIRMSMONOPOLYPOWERISEXPECTEDTOBEPOSITIVETHESIGNOFTHECOEFFICIENTA2MAYNOTBEEXPECTEDAPRIORISOMEEMPIRICALSTUDIESFOUNDAPOSITIVERELATIONSHIPWHEREASOTHERSTUDIESFOUNDANEGATIVEONEAPOSITIVESI
22、GNMEANSANEFFECTIVEUSEOFBORROWEDCAPITALANEGATIVESIGNMEANSEITHERTHATTHECOSTOFBORROWEDCAPITALISHIGHERTHANITSBENEFITFROMTHEINVESTMENT,ORTHATFIRMSFINANCEDBYRETAINEDPROFITSAREMOREPROFITABLETHANTHOSEFINANCEDBYBORROWEDCAPITALTHESIGNOFTHECOEFFICIENTA1ISEXPECTEDEITHERPOSITIVEORNEGATIVEAPOSITIVESIGNMEANSTHATFI
23、RMSPREFERTOCOOPERATEWHEREASANEGATIVESIGNMEANSTHATFIRMSPREFERTOCOMPETEWITHEACHOTHERTHESIGNOFTHECOEFFICIENTA3ISEXPECTEDTOBEPOSITIVEFIRMSUNDERTAKEVARIOUSINVESTMENTPROGRAMSTHEIRINVESTMENTPROGRAMSMAYBECLASSIFIEDINTHREEMAINCATEGORIESIEINVESTMENTINFIXEDASSETS,INVESTMENTINRDANDMARKETINVESTMENTINDUSTRIALORGA
24、NIZATIONTHEORYCONSIDERSALLTHESECATEGORIESOFINVESTMENTASFIRMSSTRATEGICVARIABLES,THATISFIRMSUNDERTAKEVARIOUSINVESTMENTPLANSINORDERTOCONFRONTACTUALANDMAINLYPOTENTIALCOMPETITIONINTHISWAYTHEIMPACTOFINVESTMENTONFIRMSMONOPOLYPOWERISEXPECTEDTOBEPOSITIVEWEHAVEESTIMATEDEQUATION4BYTHEPANELDATAMETHODTOOBTAINTHE
25、ESTIMATESOFTHEPARAMETERSOFTHETOTALMODELPOOLEDMODEL,THEFIXEDEFFECTMODELANDTHERANDOMEFFECTMODELTHETOTALMODELASSUMESASINGLESLOPECOEFFICIENTANDASINGLEINTERCEPTFORALLCROSSSECTIONUNITS,WHICHMEANSTHATTHEINTERCEPTSANDTHESLOPEDONOTVARYOVERCROSSSECTIONUNITSTHEFIXEDEFFECTMODELASSUMESACOMMONSLOPEBUTEACHCROSSSEC
26、TIONUNITHASITSOWNINTERCEPT,WHICHIMPLIESTHATTHEINTERCEPTSVARYOVERCROSSSECTIONUNITSTHERANDOMEFFECTMODELVARIANCECOMPONENTSASSUMESACOMMONSLOPE,BUTTHEINTERCEPTSAIAREDRAWNFROMACOMMONDISTRIBUTIONWITHMEANANDVARIANCE2INTHERANDOMEFFECTMODEL,THEINTERCEPTTERMSARETREATEDASRANDOMRATHERTHANFIXEDANDTHEYAREINDEPENDE
27、NTBOTHOFTHERESIDUALSANDMUTUALLYSINCETHEVARIANCECOMPONENTSESTIMATESRANDOMEFFECTAREINCONSISTENTWHENTHEINDIVIDUALINTERCEPTSARECORRELATEDWITHTHEINDEPENDENTVARIABLES,AHAUSMANTESTSTATISTICISCOMPUTEDTOTESTTHECORRELATIONTHEPANELDATAPROCEDURECOMPUTESALSOTHEFTESTFORTHEHYPOTHESISTHATTHESLOPECOEFFICIENTSAREEQUA
28、LTHEREPORTEDRESULTSINDICATEANEGATIVEANDSTATISTICALLYSIGNIFICANTRELATIONSHIPBETWEENCONCENTRATIONRATIOANDPROFITMARGINTHENEGATIVESIGNSUGGESTSTHATFIRMSPREFERTOCOMPETERATHERTHANTOCOOPERATEWITHEACHOTHERNEVERTHELESS,CONCENTRATIONPROVEDANIMPORTANTELEMENTFORFIRMSPROFITABILITYTHEREISALSOANEGATIVEANDSTATISTICA
29、LLYSIGNIFICANTRELATIONSHIPBETWEENDEBTTOEQUITYRATIOANDPROFITMARGINTHENEGATIVESIGNINDICATESTHATEITHERTHECOSTOFBORROWEDCAPITALISHIGHERTHANITSBENEFITFROMINVESTMENT,ORTHATFIRMSFINANCEDBYRETAINEDPROFITSAREMOREPROFITABLETHANTHOSEFINANCEDBYBORROWEDCAPITALHOWEVERIFWECONSIDERTHESIGNSOFBOTHA2ANDA3WESUGGESTTHAT
30、FIRMSPREFERRINGSELFFINANCEAREMOREPROFITABLETHANFIRMS,WHICHPREFERBORROWEDCAPITALTHENEGATIVERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEFINANCIALVARIABLEANDTHEPROFITMARGINISINLINEWITHTHERESULTSOFBAKER1973,HURDLE1974ANDOUSTAPASSIDIS1998THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENINVESTMENTANDPROFITMARGINISPOSITIVEANDSTATISTICALLYSIGNIFICANTTHISM
31、EANSTHATTHEREISANEFFECTIVEUSEOFCAPITAL3CONCLUSIONSFINANCIALSTRUCTUREISAVERYIMPORTANTELEMENTFORFIRMSPROFITABILITYFIRMSMAYUSETHEIRDEBTTOEQUITYRATIOTOAFFECTPROFITABILITYSOMEFIRMSCHOOSEAHIGHDEBTTOEQUITYRATIO,WHEREASOTHERSPREFERTOCHOOSEALOWERONETHESUCCESSFULSELECTIONANDUSEOFTHEDEBTTOEQUITYRATIOISONEOFTHE
32、KEYELEMENTSOFTHEFIRMSFINANCIALSTRATEGYMOSTOFTHESTUDIESUNDERTAKENTOEXAMINETHEIMPACTOFFINANCIALINDICESONFIRMSPROFITABILITYHAVEUSEDINDUSTRYLEVELDATASTUDIES,WHICHHAVEUSEDVARIOUSFINANCIALINDICESTOCAPTURETHEFINANCIALSTRUCTURE,FOUNDEITHERAPOSITIVEORANEGATIVEIMPACTONFIRMSPROFITABILITYWEHAVEUSEDFIRMLEVELDATA
33、FROMVARIOUSINDUSTRIESANDWEHAVEFOUNDASTRONGNEGATIVEIMPACTOFTHEDEBTTOEQUITYRATIOONFIRMSPROFITABILITYGENERALLY,THISMEANSTHATEITHERTHECOSTOFBORROWEDCAPITALISHIGHERTHANTHEBENEFITFROMINVESTMENTORTHATFIRMSWHICHPREFERTOFINANCETHEIRINVESTMENTACTIVITIESTHROUGHSELFFINANCEAREMOREPROFITABLETHANFIRMSWHICHFINANCEI
34、NVESTMENTBYBORROWEDCAPITALINOURSTUDYWEMAYSAYTHATTHEFIRMSTHATFINANCETHEIRINVESTMENTACTIVITIESBYRETAINEDPROFITS,AREMOREPROFITABLETHANTHOSETHATFINANCETHEIRACTIVITIESTHROUGHBORROWEDCAPITALWEALSOFOUNDANEGATIVEANDSTATISTICALLYSIGNIFICANTIMPACTOFCONCENTRATIONONFIRMSPROFITABILITY,WHICHMEANSTHATALTHOUGHFIRMS
35、TAKEINTOCONSIDERATIONTHEIRINTERDEPENDENCETHEYPREFERTOCOMPETEWITHEACHOTHERTHANTOCOOPERATE4SUGGESTIONSFORFUTURERESEARCHTHERESEARCHCOULDBECONTINUEDWITHASAMPLECONTINUINGSMALLANDBIGINDUSTRIALCOMPANIESINORDERTOIDENTIFYIFEXISTADIFFERENCEINTHEUSEOFTHEFINANCIALVARIABLEACCORDINGTOTHESIZEOFTHECOMPANIESSOURCENI
36、KOLAOSPERIOTIS,2002PROFITMARGINANDCAPITALSTRUCTUREANEMPIRICALRELATIONSHIPTHEJOURNALOFAPPLIEDBUSINESSRESEARCH,VOLUME18,NUMBER2P112116译文利润率和资本结构实证关系本研究试图探讨债务权益比率和公司的盈利能力构成之间的关系,同时考虑到了企业的投资水平和市场力量的强弱。本研究利用各行业面板数据,涵盖期间199596。我们研究的主要结论是1)厂商资助其投资活动的资金更愿意通过自我融资,比通过企业借入资本投资更加有利可图;2)各公司愿意与合作比其他竞争对手;3)公司利用其固定
37、资产投资作为战略变量影响盈利能力。1概念结构、行为、绩效模型的研究在企业的经营状况(贝恩,1956)中起到了非常重要的作用。该地区大部分的实证研究集中在整个行业的表现说明了回归变量的结构和行为在行业层面(柯林斯和普雷斯顿,1969)的盈利。工业上主要用于数据,因为它们容易获得。作为产业的定义是不理想的,从而出现了以产业转移为重点的结构与性能的关系(牧,1972)分析。现今,结构、行为、绩效的关系的面板数据进行测试的方法,因为其结果考虑结构的变化以及周期性波动采取(德莫维兹等人,1986)。很少有研究采用独立变量(霍尔和维斯,1967,盖尔,1972,荷都,1974,奥特斯戴皮斯蒂斯,1998)
38、,金融指数,来解释公司的利润差异。大多数研究都集中在如RD政策、广告、规模经济等问题,以解释在价格成本费用利润率差异(克拉克1984;康诺利等,1984;康勇等,1991;弗朗格力,1999;哥塞,1991;马丁,1979;裴够罗陀斯等,1981)。财政因素可能被视为战略行为变量,因为它们会影响资金成本,从而影响公司的业绩。为了测量的不确定性,资本结构和维度的相关研究已经使用的债务权益比率,自有资本与总资产比率,自有资本比率的固定资产或固定资本总资本的比率。在并不总是明确的金融因素与企业盈利能力的关系中。无论是正面还是负面的这种关系都已经被证明。(霍尔和维斯,1967;盖尔,1972;夸兰,1
39、974;谢泼德,1994;奥特斯戴皮斯蒂斯,1998)。本研究试图通过调查考虑到了公司的投资水平和市场力量的强弱之间的债务权益比率与公司的盈利能力的关系。借来的资金运用的增加,而不会造成任何企业的所有者权益比其他额外的费用开支由公司承担投资水平。这增加了投资资本所有者的回报。但是,借用资本的增加,为公司以及业主的风险,因为借入资本创造的固定费用(即利息),因此,一个最低利润水平,融资利率水平的需要。本研究利用从各行业的公司面板数据,并涵盖199596年期间。2分析框架和变数垄断者的市场力量的程度,方程(1)PMC/P1/E其中,P是产品价格,MC是边际成本,E是需求的价格弹性。在规模报酬不变的
40、情况下,边际成本等于平均成本(交流)方程(2)ACWLPKK/QWL是劳动成本,PK是租金成本的资本,PKK是每德拉克马的价值租金成本的资本资产,包括对投资回报的正常速率。术语PK是资本购买价格,Q是产出水平。从方程(1)及(2)方程(3)则是从方程(3)PQWL/PQ1/EPKK/PQ假设一个市场集中度之间的线性关系和市场力量,然后我们有了方程(3),(干草和莫里斯1991年,马丁,1994年),可与企业层面的数据估计。线性版本具有以下形式从方程(4)PMITA0A1CRTA2FITA3IITUTPM是指企业的利润率,CR为四个公司的集中率,是对市场力指标。F是指债务对权益比率,是对公司的财
41、务结构的措施。I代表的公司的投资水平和资本管制的有效性。在这样的条件字,I是为PKK的替代。这些数据包括从(即资本工业和消费品行业)的各类工业企业。PM一词已被计算为利润和销售比是一个企业的盈利能力的代理。有关数据来自资产负债表。这四个公司的集中率一直计算为四个公司的销售行业销售总额的比率。有关集中度是指每一个特定的行业企业正在运行。F是指债务权益比率。有关数据来自资产负债表。这些公司包括在我们的样本有债务权益比率,范围从低层次到非常高的水平,这是不怀偏见的样本尽可能债务权益比率而言。术语,I指的是,每个投资水平由研究涵盖的时期特定的公司承担。有关观测数据均来自公司所在的样本内,所开展的投资水
42、平是指固定资产。利润的措施变化的不确定性作为所有者和股东,都无法预测盈利率。因此,如果一个更高的债务权益比率则显示较大的不确定性,高风险,可能导致高利润率。然而,借资金使用可能会增加投资水平是一个企业能够承担的业主没有任何额外费用。同时,它增加了企业的和业主的风险,由于利息支出。因此,最低利润所需支付的利息开支。该系数A2的标志可不能指望一个先验的。一些实证研究发现,一个积极的关系,而其他的研究发现了一个消极的。一个积极的迹象是指借用资金的有效使用。负号意味着,要么,把借来的资金成本高于其从投资,或由企业留利资金超过了借入资本资助的盈利效益高。该系数A1迹象,预计无论是正面还是负面。一个积极的
43、迹象意味着公司预外汇储备进行合作,而负数则意味着公司更愿意互相竞争。该系数A3的迹象,预计是积极的。公司承接各种投资方案。他们的投资计划可分为三大类固定资产投资,在研发和投资,即投资市场的投资。产业组织理论认为,作为企业的战略变量,这是公司承接各种投资计划,以对付实际和潜在的竞争主要是投资的所有这些类别。这样,对公司的垄断力量投资的影响,预计是积极的。我们估计,面板数据方法方程(4)获得总模型(汇集模型),固定效应模型和随机效应模型参数的估计。总模型假设单斜率系数,同时为所有的横截面单元,这意味着单一拦截的截距和斜率变化不超过截面单位。固定效应模型假设一个共同的斜坡但每个截面单元有它自己的拦截
44、,这就意味着,拦截了横截面单元不同。随机效应模型(方差分量)假设一个共同的斜坡,但拦截是由均值和方差2共同作用的。在随机效应模型,截距条款被视为随机的,而不是固定的,这些都不知疲倦,这两个悬而未决的残差和互利。由于方差分量估计(随机效应)不一致时,个人擅自截留与自变量相关,豪斯曼的实验检验统计量的计算,测试的相关性。面板数据的程序也计算为假设,即斜率系数是相等的F检验。报告的结果表明之间集中度和利润负和统计学显着关系。负号表明,企业更喜欢竞争,而不是相互合作。然而,事实证明浓度为公司的盈利能力的重要因素。之间也有债务对权益比率和利润率的消极和统计学显着关系。负号表明,不论是借来的资金成本高于其
45、投资,或由企业留利资金超过了借入资本资助的盈利效益高。但是,如果我们考虑这两个A2和A3的迹象,我们建议,企业更愿意自有资金超过企业有利可图,而更愿意借入资本。之间的金融变量和利润负值的关系是符合贝克的结果(1973年),胡尔执手(1974)和奥特斯戴皮斯蒂斯(1998年)。投资与利润率的关系是积极的,统计上显着。这意味着,有一个资金的有效使用3结论财务结构是公司的盈利能力非常重要的因素。企业可以使用他们的债务与权益比率,影响盈利。一些公司选择高负债对权益比率,而另一些人喜欢选择一个较低的一个。成功的选择和使用的债务与资本比率是该企业的财务战略的关键因素之一。开展审查财务指标对企业的盈利能力影
46、响的研究大多使用的工业级数据。研究已使用的各种财务指标来捕捉金融结构,发现无论是积极的,或对公司的盈利造成负面影响。我们使用来自不同行业的企业级数据,我们发现了强烈的对企业的盈利能力的债务权益比率的负面影响。一般来说,这意味着不论是借来的资金成本比从投资效益高,或者是希望金融公司通过自我融资的投资活动比公司更有利可图的金融资本投资的借贷。在我们的研究中,我们可以说,这些公司通过提供资金的留存利润的投资活动,是比那些通过借贷资本的融资活动更加有利可图。我们还发现了对公司的盈利能力,浓度和显着的负面影响,这意味着,虽然公司考虑到它们的相互依存关系,他们更愿意互相竞争而不是合作。4未来研究建议这项研究可能会继续持续,以小型和大型工业公司,确定是否存在一个在财政根据公司规模不同变量的使用范例。出处NIKOLAOSPERIOTIS,利润率和资本结构实证关系商业应用研究杂志,2002,18卷第2号P112116