1、本科毕业论文(设计)外文翻译原文THEPRICINGOFEARNINGSANDCASHFLOWSANDANAFFIRMATIONOFACCRUALACCOUNTINGTHISPAPEREXAMINESACOREIDEAINACCOUNTING,DRUMMEDINTOEVERYBEGINNINGACCOUNTINGSTUDENTACCRUALACCOUNTING,RATHERTHANCASHACCOUNTING,ISAPPROPRIATEFORBUSINESSREPORTINGACCOUNTINGGOESBEYONDAMERECASHBOOK,TOREPORTACCRUALEARNINGSRAT
2、HERTHANCASHFLOWASTHEMEASUREOFVALUEDADDEDTHEPAPERINVESTIGATESWHETHERCOMMONSHARESAREPRICEDINTHESTOCKMARKETACCORDINGTOACCOUNTINGPRESCRIPTIONSONHOWEARNINGSANDCASHFLOWSAFFECTSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYTODEVELOPANEMPIRICALSPECIFICATIONTHATINCORPORATESTHEPRESCRIPTIONS,THEPAPERFIRSTFORMALLYLAYSOUTHOWEARNINGSANDCASHF
3、LOWSRELATETOSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYINTHEACCOUNTINGSYSTEMWITHAFOCUSONTHESHAREHOLDER,ITMAKESTHESTANDARDDISTINCTIONINBOTHVALUATIONTHEORYANDACCOUNTINGBETWEENTHEBUSINESSANDTHEEQUITYCLAIMONTHEBUSINESSUNDERACCRUALACCOUNTING,EARNINGSFROMTHEBUSINESSADDTOBOTHTHEBOOKVALUEOFASSETSANDTHEBOOKVALUEOFTHEEQUITYCLAIMONTHO
4、SEASSETSTHIS,OFCOURSE,ISWELLAPPRECIATEDLESSAPPRECIATED,HOWEVER,AREPRESCRIPTIONSABOUTCASHFLOWTHATAREIMBEDDEDINACCRUALACCOUNTINGNETCASHFLOWFROMABUSINESSCOMMONLYREFERREDTOASFREECASHFLOWHASNOEFFECTOFTHEBOOKVALUEOFTHEEQUITYWESHOWBUTREDUCESTHEBOOKVALUEOFBUSINESSASSETS,DOLLARFORDOLLARACCRUALACCOUNTINGTREAT
5、SCASHFLOWNOTASANADDITIONTOBUSINESSVALUEBUTASAPAYOUTFROMTHEBUSINESSTHATPAYOUTREDUCESTHEVALUEOFBUSINESSWITHOUTAFFECTINGTHECUMDIVIDENDVALUEOFTHEEQUITYTHEEMPIRICALANALYSISSHOWSTHATTHESTOCKMARKETPRICESBUSINESSFIRMSANDEQUITYCLAIMSONFIRMSACCORDINGTOTHISPRESCRIPTIONWEFINDTHAT,ONAVERAGE,ANNUALCHANGESINBOTHTH
6、EMARKETVALUEOFTHEFIRMANDTHEMARKETVALUEOFEQUITYSHARESAREPOSITIVELYRELATEDTOANNUALEARNINGSHOWEVER,GIVENEARNINGS,CHANGESINTHEMARKETVALUEOFTHEFIRMARENEGATIVELYRELATEDTOCASHFLOWSFROMTHEFIRMINDEED,ADOLLAROFFREECASHFLOWIS,ONAVERAGE,ASSOCIATEDWITHAPPROXIMATELYADOLLARLESSINMARKETVALUEOFTHEFIRM,WHILECHANGESIN
7、THEMARKETVALUEOFEQUITYAREUNRELATEDTOTHEFREECASHFLOWTHATBUSINESSGENERATESFURTHERMORE,SEPARATINGOUTTHEINVESTMENTPORTIONOFFLOWFREECASHFLOW,WEFINDTHATTHEREMAININGCASHFLOWFROMOPERATIONSISALSOASSOCIATEDWITHLOWERMARKETVALUEFORTHEFIRM,DOLLARFORDOLLAR,ANDISUNRELATEDTOCHANGESINEQUITYVALUETHERESULTWITHRESPECTT
8、OEARNINGSIS,OFCOURSE,NOTNEWTHEFINDINGOFAPOSITIVECORRELATIONBETWEENEARNINGSCHANGESANDSTOCKRETURNSINTHEBALLANDBROWN1968PAPERISANAFFIRMATIONOFACCRUALACCOUNTING,REPLICATEDMANYTIMESDECHOW1994ANDDECHOWETAL1998,AMONGOTHERS,AFFIRMTHEIMPORTANCEOFACCRUALSOVERCASHFLOWSUNDERAVARIETYOFCONDITIONSOURANALYSISEXPLOR
9、ESANADDITIONALFEATUREOFACCOUNTINGNOTONLYDOESACCRUALACCOUNTINGPROMOTEEARNINGSASTHEPRIMARYVALUATIONATTRIBUTERATHERTHANCASHFLOWS,BUTACTUALLYTREATSCASHFLOWSASIRRELEVANTTOEQUITYVALUATIONOUREMPIRICALANALYSISAFFIRMSTHERESULTWITHRESPECTTOCASHFLOWSMAYBESURPRISING,FORONETYPICALLYTHINKSOFCASHFLOWASAGOODMORECAS
10、HFLOWMEANSHIGHERVALUEANDANALYSTSOFTENRECOMMENDSTOCKSOFCOMPANIESTHATHAVEPOSITIVECASHFLOWHOWEVER,OURRESULTSARENOTSURPRISINGWHENONERECOGNIZESTHATECONOMICTHEORYALSOAFFIRMSTHEACCOUNTINGACCRUALACCOUNTINGOPERATESINAWAYTHATRECOGNIZESMILLERANDMODIGLIANI1961NOTIONOFDIVIDENDDISPLACEMENTANDTHECOMPLEMENTARYNOTIO
11、NOFDIVIDENDIRRELEVANCEJUSTASDIVIDENDS,THEDISTRIBUTIONOFCASHTOSHAREHOLDERS,REDUCETHEEQUITYCLAIMBUTDONOTAFFECTTHECUMDIVIDENDVALUEOFEQUITY,FREECASHFLOW,THECORRESPONDINGDISTRIBUTIONFROMTHEFIRMTOALLCLAIMANTS,ISADIVIDENDFROMTHEFIRMTHATREDUCESTHEVALUEOFTHEFIRMBUTDOESNOTAFFECTTHECUMDIVIDENDVALUEOFTHEFIRMBEC
12、AUSETHEEQUITYCLAIMISONBOTHTHEVALUEOFTHEFIRMANDTHECASHFLOW,ITISUNAFFECTEDBYTHECASHFLOWBUTRATHERBYTHECUMDIVIDENDVALUEOFTHEFIRMINSHORT,ACCRUALACCOUNTINGHONORSTHEFOUNDATIONALPRINCIPLESOFMODERNFINANCE,ANDTHESTOCKMARKETPRICESFIRMSANDEQUITYCLAIMSACCORDINGTOTHESEPRINCIPLESTHERESULTSINTHEPAPERSEEMINGLYCONFLI
13、CTWITHPREVIOUSRESEARCHINRAYBURN1986,WILSON1987,DECHOW1994,BOWENETAL1987,CLUBB1995,ANDFRANCISETAL2003,AMONGOTHERS,CASHFLOWVARIABLESINRETURNREGRESSIONSLOADWITHAPOSITIVECOEFFICIENT,WITHANDWITHOUTEARNINGSINCLUDEDTHEDIFFERENCEREVOLVESAROUNDTHEISSUEOFSPECIFICATIONTHISPAPERDEVELOPSAREGRESSIONSPECIFICATIONQ
14、UITEMETHODICALLYINSECT1SOTHEDIFFERENCESAREWELLUNDERSTOODINDEED,WHILETHEPRICINGOFEARNINGSANDCASHFLOWSISOURSUBSTANTIVECONCERN,THEISSUEOFSPECIFICATIONINCAPITALMARKETRESEARCHISASUBTEXTINTHISRESPECT,THEPAPERRESPONDSTOTHEHOLTHAUSENANDWATTS2001CRITICISMTHATCAPITALMARKETSRESEARCHINACCOUNTINGHASHADLITTLETOCO
15、NTRIBUTETONORMATIVEISSUESFACEDBYSTANDARDSETTERSWITHATTENTIONTOSPECIFICATIONWHICHHOLTHAUSENANDWATTSARGUEISNECESSARYWEAREABLETODRAWCONCLUSIONSABOUTAVERYBASICNORMATIVEISSUE,THEUSEOFCASHACCOUNTINGVERSUSACCRUALACCOUNTINGFORBUSINESSREPORTINGOURRESULTINNOWAYNULLIFIESTHERESULTSINOTHERPAPERSINDEED,WEAREABLET
16、ORECONCILEWHATLOOKLIKEVERYDIFFERENTFINDINGSTOTHEEARLIERRESULTSTHEABILITYOFEARNINGSTOEXPLAINCHANGESINMARKETVALUESDEPENDS,OFCOURSE,ONHOWTHEEARNINGSAREMEASUREDINDEED,ONEEXPECTSCASHFLOWTOBEINFORMATIVEIFEARNINGSAREPOORLYMEASURED,ANDTHECOMPARISONOFCASHFLOWTOEARNINGSISASTANDARDDIAGNOSTICINEARNINGSQUALITYAN
17、ALYSISSEE,FOREXAMPLE,SLOAN1996DECHOWANDDICHEV2002DECHOWETAL2008WEBUILDSPECIFICATIONSTHATEXPLICITLYRECOGNIZETHATCASHFLOWSANDDIVIDENDSCANHAVEINFORMATIONCONTENTINRESPONSETOPOOREARNINGSMEASUREMENTNEVERTHELESS,USINGUSGAAPEARNINGSMEASURES,WEFINDTHATCASHFLOWS,ONAVERAGE,DONOTEXPLAINCHANGESINSTOCKPRICESTHEEM
18、PHASISTHATTHEFINDINGSAPPLYONAVERAGEISIMPORTANT,FORGAAPISPRESUMABLYDESIGNEDFORBROADAPPLICATIONINTHECROSSSECTIONTHEAVERAGERESULTINNOWAYABROGATESTHEFINDINGSTHATACCRUALACCOUNTINGMAYBEDEFICIENTANDCASHFLOWSRELEVANTINPARTICULARCONTEXTS1SPECIFICATIONOFRETURNREGRESSIONSINVOLVINGEARNINGSANDCASHFLOWSWHILEDOCUM
19、ENTINGTHERELEVANTCORRELATIONS,MOSTPRIORRESEARCHTHATRELATESSTOCKPRICESANDRETURNSTOEARNINGS,CASHFLOWS,ORBOTHDOESNOTUSEPRESPECIFIEDMODELSSOMEEXCEPTIONSAREJENNINGS1990,WHOADDRESSESSOMESPECIFICATIONISSUESINEARNINGSANDCASHFLOWSREGRESSIONS,ANDBARTHETAL1999,WHOREFERTOVALUATIONMODELSTODEVELOPREGRESSIONEQUATI
20、ONSINVOLVINGEARNINGSANDCASHFLOWSINTHISPAPERWEDEVELOPASPECIFICATIONANDTHENPUTITTOTHETESTTHESPECIFICATIONISDICTATEDBYTHEACCOUNTINGSTRUCTURETHATPRODUCESEARNINGSANDCASHFLOWSNUMBERSWEFIRSTLAYOUTTHISSTRUCTUREINSECT11,THENSPECIFYPRICINGEQUATIONSTHATINCORPORATETHESTRUCTUREINSECT12,WHICHWETHENTAKETOTHEDATAIN
21、SECT2AGENERALDISCUSSIONOFSPECIFICATIONOFRETURNSREGRESSIONSCONTAININGACCOUNTINGNUMBERSISINTHEAPPENDIX11ACCOUNTINGRELATIONSTHATGOVERNACCRUALACCOUNTINGACCRUALACCOUNTING,ATLEASTNOMINALLY,TRACKSTHEEVOLUTIONOFSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYOVERDISCRETEPERIODSINEACHPERIOD,ACCOUNTINGCALCULATESANUMBER,EARNINGS,WHICHUPDAT
22、ESHAREHOLDERSEQUITYVIATHECLOSINGENTRYWELAYOUTASETOFACCOUNTINGOPERATIONSTHATAMOUNTTOPRESCRIPTIONSTHATGOVERNTHEACCOUNTINGWESTARTWITHCASHFLOWS111CASHFLOWRELATIONSTHEFIRMTHEBUSINESSOPERATIONSISDISTINGUISHEDFROMTHECLAIMSONTHEFIRM,ASINTHETYPICALBALANCESHEETCORRESPONDINGLY,CASHFLOWSGENERATEDBYABUSINESSFREE
23、CASHFLOWAREDISTINGUISHEDFROMTHOSEPAIDTOCLAIMANTSTHESTANDARDCASHCONSERVATIONEQUATIONEQUATESTHETWOFREECASHFLOWDF1ASTHEANALYSISFOCUSESONTHEPRICINGOFCOMMONSHARES,THEDIVIDENDTOCOMMONSHAREHOLDERS,D,ISDISTINGUISHEDFROMPAYMENTSTOALLOTHERCLAIMANTSSUCHASBONDHOLDERSANDPREFERREDSTOCKHOLDERS,FDISTRIBUTIONSTODEBT
24、ISSUERSBYTHEPURCHASEOFFINANCIALASSETSWITHTHECASHAREALSOANAPPLICATIONOFFREECASHFLOW,SOFREFERSTOCASHPAYMENTSTONETDEBTHOLDERSDEBTHOLDERSANDDEBTISSUERSDIVIDENDS,D,ARENETCASHDISTRIBUTIONSTOSHAREHOLDERSDIVIDENDSPLUSSTOCKREPURCHASESLESSSTOCKISSUESITISCOMMONTODISTINGUISHTHETWOCOMPONENTSOFFREECASHFLOW,CASHFR
25、OMOPERATIONSCANDCASHINVESTMENTIFREECASHFLOWCITHEDISTINCTIONBETWEENCANDIISANACCRUALACCOUNTINGISSUE,HOWEVER,INVOLVINGANALLOCATIONTOPERIODICINCOMESTATEMENTSTHATDOESNOTBEARONNETCASHGENERATEDTODELINEATECLEARLYBETWEENCASHANDACCRUALACCOUNTING,OURREFERENCEWILLBETOTHENETCASHFROMOPERATIONS,THATIS,FREECASHFLOW
26、HOWEVER,ATTHEENDOFTHEPAPERWEWILLDISTINGUISHBETWEENCANDITOEXAMINETHEPRICINGOFCASHFROMOPERATIONSCWITHWHICHPREVIOUSPAPERSHAVELARGELYBEENCONCERNEDSOWEWILLDENOTEFREECASHFLOWASCIWITHTHEREMINDERTHATTHISREFERSTOTHENETCASHFLOWFROMOPERATIONS112ACCRUALACCOUNTINGFORTHEFIRMACCRUALACCOUNTINGADJUSTSFREECASHFLOWSFR
27、OMOPERATIONSONTHELEFTHANDSIDEOFEQ1TOYIELDINCOMEFROMOPERATIONS,ASFOLLOWSOICIIOPERATINGACCRUALS2THEADJUSTMENTSAREADDEDTONETOPERATINGASSETSONTHEBALANCESHEETNOAIOPERATINGACCRUALS3WHILEEQ3DISTINGUISHESBETWEENCASHINVESTMENTLIKEPURCHASESOFEQUIPMENTANDOPERATINGACCRUALCOMPONENTSOFDNOALIKERECEIVABLESANDPAYABL
28、ES,CASHINVESTMENTISREALLYANACCRUALTHATALLOCATESCURRENTCASHFLOWSTOINCOMEINFUTUREPERIODSACCORDINGLY,DNOAISTOTALACCRUALS,COMPRISEDOFCURRENTCASHFLOWSBOOKEDTOTHEBALANCESHEETASINVESTMENTSPLUSOTHERNONCASHFLOWSALSORECORDEDTOTHEBALANCESHEET113ACCRUALACCOUNTINGFORSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYASWELLASTRACKINGNETOPERATING
29、ASSETS,ACCRUALACCOUNTINGTRACKSNETFINANCIALOBLIGATIONSNFOTONETDEBTHOLDERSSUCHTHATTHEBALANCESHEETREPORTSTHECOMMONSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYB,FORBOOKVALUEASTHERESIDUALCLAIMONTHENETOPERATINGASSETSBNOANFO4THUSTHEUPDATINGOFTHESHAREHOLDERSEQUITYOBEYSTHERELATION,BNOANFO5THECHANGEINNOACANBESTATEDINTERMSOFACCRUALANDC
30、ASHFLOWCOMPONENTSASIOPERATINGACCRUALSOICI,BYEQ2,THECHANGEINNETOPERATINGASSETSINEQ3CANBERESTATEDASNOAOICI6SIMILARLY,THECHANGEINNETFINANCIALOBLIGATIONSISTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHENETFINANCIALEXPENSESNFERECORDEDINTHEINCOMESTATEMENTUNDERACCRUALACCOUNTINGANDCASHFLOWTONETDEBTHOLDERS,FNFONFEFBUTFCID,BYTHECASH
31、CONSERVATIONEQ1,SONFONFECID7BYTAKINGTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENEQS6AND7,THECHANGEINSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYISACCOUNTEDFORBOICINFECIDOINFED8EARNINGSDWHEREEARNINGSARECOMPREHENSIVEEARNINGSEQUATION8IS,OFCOURSE,THECLEANSURPLUSEQUATIONFORUPDATINGSHAREHOLDERSEQUITY,FORCEDBYTHEBALANCESHEETEQ5ANDTHEACCOUNTINGFORNETOPERAT
32、INGASSETSANDNETFINANCIALOBLIGATIONSINEQS6AND7114THENORMATIVEPRESCRIPTIONSANDTHEECONOMICSOFCASHFLOWSASFIXEDRELATIONS,THEACCOUNTINGRELATIONSINEQS18ARENORMATIVEPRESCRIPTIONSTHATDIRECTHOWONEACCOUNTSFOREQUITYVALUEINPARTICULAR,EQS6AND7EMBEDPRESUMPTIONSABOUTTHERELEVANCEOFEARNINGSANDFREECASHFLOWFORDETERMINI
33、NGEQUITYVALUEBYEQ6,OPERATINGINCOMEINCREASESNETOPERATINGASSETS,BUTFREECASHFLOWREDUCESNETOPERATINGASSETSINDEEDFREECASHFLOWREDUCESNETOPERATINGASSETSDOLLARFORDOLLARBYEQ7,FREECASHFLOWALSOREDUCESNETFINANCIALOBLIGATIONSFREECASHFLOW,NETOFDIVIDENDS,REDUCESNETINDEBTEDNESSDOLLARFORDOLLARBUT,ASSHOWNINEQ8,FREECA
34、SHFLOWDROPSOUTOFTHECALCULATIONOFSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYACCRUALACCOUNTINGTREATSFREECASHFLOWASIFITISIRRELEVANTTOTHEVALUEOFEQUITYTHESEPRESCRIPTIONSAREATTHEHEARTOFACCRUALACCOUNTINGTHEYARTICULATETHEEXCEPTIONTHATACCRUALACCOUNTINGTAKESTOCASHACCOUNTINGTHEYARE,THEREFORE,WORTHYOFVALIDATIONAGAINSTTHEACTUALEQUITYPRI
35、CINGINTHESTOCKMARKET,ANDOUREMPIRICALANALYSISDOESSOSPECIFICALLY,ITASKSWHETHER,GIVENOPERATINGINCOME,THESTOCKMARKETPRICESFREECASHFLOWASAONETOONEREDUCTIONOFTHEVALUEOFTHEFIRM,ASINEQ6AND,GIVENEARNINGS,THEMARKETPRICESFREECASHFLOWASHAVINGNOEFFECTONTHEVALUEOFSHAREHOLDERSEQUITY,ASINEQ8SOURCESTEPHENHPENMANNIRY
36、EHUDA,2009THEPRICINGOFEARNINGSANDCASHFLOWSANDANAFFIRMATIONOFACCRUALACCOUNTINGSPRINGERSCIENCE,13AUGUST,PP453458译文收入和现金流量的定价和权责发生制的确认本文探讨了会计的核心理念,告诉每个会计初学者权责发生制会计比现金会计,在制定企业报告时更为适当。会计不只是单纯的通过现金账簿来报告(增值)收入,还要把现金流量作为价值增加的计量方法。本文调查研究普通股在股票市场上的定价是否会根据会计预计收入和现金流量来影响股东权益。要制定一个包含计划的规范的实证,第一次正式的文件规定了如何盈利和现金流量
37、怎么与在会计系统的股东权益相关联。随着对股东的焦点转移,它产生了在两个估价理论与企业之间和企业权益的会计之间的标准区别。根据权责发生制,企业收入使资产的账面价值以及这些资产的股权债权的账面价值都得到了增加。这当然是十分值得赞赏的。然而,被赞赏较少的,是在权责发生制下被嵌入关于现金流量的计划企业的净现金流量,就是我们通常所说的自由现金流量,并不对股权(我们展示出来的)账面价值产生影响,但降低了企业资产的账面价值。以“一美元换一美元”的等额方式补偿不再收回的偿还债务。权责发生制的处理不可作为增值业务,但可作为一个从业务支出的现金流量。那项支出减少的商业价值,无需影响产权的附带股息价值。实证分析表明
38、,股票的市场价格和商业公司根据本公司股权计划进行索赔。我们发现,平均而言,无论是在公司的市场价值和市场价值年股权变动都被计入呈正相关的年度收益。然而,考虑到赢利能力,该公司市场价值的变化与从公司的现金流量比较,呈负相关。事实上,就平均而言,美元的自由现金流量是与大约一美元以下的上市公司价值,而股票市值变动与经营活动产生现金流量不相关。此外,分离出来的流动的自由现金流量的投资部分,我们发现,其余的“经营业务产生的现金流量”与降低公司市场价值相联系,“一美元换一美元”,并与权益价值的变化无关。相对于盈利的结果,当然,不是新产生的;一个在收益的变化、鲍尔股票报酬和布朗(1968)研究报告之间的正相关
39、的关系调查,是权责发生制的确认,并且重复多次。德周(1994年)和德周(1998年)等等,确认各种条件下的应计项目对现金流量的重要性。我们的分析,探讨了会计附加功能不仅促进权责发生制属性作为主要估值收益(而不是现金流量),但实际上是把现金流量作为无关的股权估值来看待。我们的实证分析证实了这一观点。相对于现金流量的结论可能会令人吃惊,一个典型的被认为是“良好的”现金流更多的现金流意味着更高的价值,并且分析师经常推荐的公司的股票都是有正现金流量的。然而,我们的结果并不令人惊讶,当人认识到经济理论也肯定了会计权责发生制会计确认的方式,并且承认了米勒和马德奇洛尼(1961年)的概念位移和股息红利无关的
40、互补性概念。股息、现金的发行对股东而言,减少了产权,但不影响股息的价值。现金流量,从该公司相应的分配(包括所有股东),影响了减少企业价值的企业的股息,但是它不影响企业的附带股息价值。由于双方的权益要求基于该公司的企业价值和现金流量,它是未受影响的由现金流量,但是相反地由企业的附带股息价值体现。总之,权责发生制服从于现代金融的基本原则,并且公司股票的市场价格以及债权和股权也是根据这些原则制定的。论文中的结论似乎与先前的研究相冲突。在雷伯恩(1986年),威尔逊(1987年),德周(1994年),博文(1987年),克拉布(1995年)和弗朗西斯(2003年)等人的文献中,作为回归的回报的现金流量
41、变量伴随一个积极系数,有、无收入都包括在内。有所不同的是围绕着规范的问题。本文建立一个有条理的回归说明(在第二节第1小标题),这样,差异就容易被理解了。事实上,尽管收入和现金流量的价格是我们的实质性关注的,但是在资本市场中规范问题的研究是潜在的。在这方面,本文根据霍尔索森和瓦特2001批评的,关于资本市场的会计研究已经对标准制定者所面临的规范问题没有什么贡献了。其中霍尔索森和瓦特认为有必要的是同时注意规范,我们对现金会计与权责发生制会计的业务报告使用问题,可以得出一个基本的规范性的结论。结果,我们没有办法完全反对其他文件的结论。事实上,以先前的结论看,我们可以调和一下看起来完全不同的结论。以盈
42、利能力来解释市场价值的变化取决于如何计量收入。事实上,如果收益不容易测量,预测的现金流量所提供的信息,与现金流的收益相比,是一个盈利质量分析的判断标准。(比如1996年的斯隆德周和2002年多的德查夫;2008年中其他的人等)。我们建立了详细的计划书,来明确地认识到现金流量(和股息)可以对测量不良收益的信息做出反应。不过,根据美国一般公认会计原则对收益进行测量,我们发现,就平均而言,现金流量并不能解释股票价格的变化。需要强调的是调查结果的平均适用非常重要,因为会计准则是为(大概)大众普遍方面的广泛应用而设计的。无法抛开的平均调查结果是权责发生制会计可能处理不足,以及与在特定情况下的现金流量有关
43、。1说明收益和现金流量的回归方程当证明相关关系时,多数早先的研究把股票价格与收益、现金流量联系起来,或二者都不使用预先指定的模型。有些例外的是詹宁斯(1990年),他解决了盈利和现金流量回归的一些规范的问题。还有巴特等人(1999年),他们提出估值模型来建立盈利和现金流量的回归方程。在本文中,我们建立一个假设,然后测试它。该规范是出于产生收入和现金流量的数据的核算结构。我们首先制定出这一结构(11节),然后指定定价方程,根据采取的数据(2节)整合结构(12节)。含有的会计数据的回报回归规范的一般性讨论是在“附录”中。11会计权责发生制会计关系的支配权责发生制会计,至少在名义上,跟踪股东权益超过
44、分立周期的演变;在每个时期,会计计算一个数字、收入、更新股东权益项并在发生时登记。我们制定出了一套会计业务量的处理方法来管理记账。我们开始使用现金流量。111现金流量的关系该公司(公司业务),是在典型的资产负债表中区别于对公司的所有权。相应地,由企业(现金流)产生的现金流量与公司股权的现金流区别开来的。标准现金守恒方程等于两者之和自由现金流量DF1作为分析的重点是普通股定价,向普通股股东支付股利D,是从区分支付给所有其他偿付者(如债券,优先股持有人),F。债务发行人的分配也是一个自由的现金流的应用,因此F是指现金支付给持有人的净债务(债务持有人和债券发行人)。股息,D,是净现金分配给股东(股息
45、加股票回购扣除股本的问题)。这是常见的区分自由现金流的两个组成部分,从经营业务现金(C)和现金投资(I)自由现金流CI。C和I之间的区别是权责发生制会计问题,但是,涉及分配定期收入报表,不承担产生的净现金。要清楚界定权责发生制会计与现金,我们将参考经营净现金,也就是自由现金流量。然而,在文章最后,我们将区分C和I,来审查相关的以前文件的经营(C)现金价格。因此,我们将自由现金流量记为CI,来提醒我们这是指营业的净现金流量。112公司权责发生制权责发生制根据1式左边的经营现金流量,把自由现金流量调整为业务收入收益率,具体如下OICII经营获利2在资产负债表调整增加的净经营资产NOAI经营获利33
46、式现金投资(如设备采购)和经营获利组成部分NOA(如应收款和应付款)的区别,现金投资的确是一个获利,为未来期间的收入分配目前的现金流量。因此,NOA是总应计项目,包括目前的现金流作为投资记入资产负债表,并且其他非现金流量也记录在资产负债表内。113股东权益权责发生制以及跟踪净经营性资产,权责发生制跟踪净债权人的净资金债务(NFO),资产负债表报告的普通股股东权益(B,为账面价值)为净经营性资产的剩余索取权BNOANFO4因此,更新的股东权益也服从这种关系,BNOANFO5NOA的变化可以说依据权责发生制和现金流构成。I经营获利OICI,通过2式,3使中的净经营资产的变化可以重列为NOAOICI
47、6同样,净财政义务的变化是权责发生制下计入损益表的净财务支出(NFF)与净债权人现金流量的差异,FNFONFEF。但是FCID,通过现金平衡式1式,因此NFONFECID7通过采取方程6和方程7之间的差异,股东权益变动入账BOICINFECIDOINFED8收入D若雇员的收入是全面盈利。公式8是更新股东权益的净盈余方程,资产负债表方程式5和净经营性资产要求计入6式和7式中的净财政义务。114规范处理方法和现金流量的经济学作为固定关系,方程18的会计关系是直接计入股权价值账户的规范处理方法。特别是,6式与7式有关的收入和股票价值确定相关的现金流嵌入假设。由式6,营业收入增加净经营资产,但净现金流
48、量减少经营性资产;确实自由现金流量减少了以美元对美元的净营业资产。由式7,自由现金流量也减少了财政义务;自由现金流量,股息,减少以美元对美元的净负债。但是,如式8显示,当自由现金流量是无关的股权价值时,权责发生制会计处理自由现金流不把股东权益计入。这些处理方法是权责发生制会计的中心,他们表现了权责发生制会计所需的现金核算。他们,因此,是股市中实际股票价格的验证价值,我们的实证分析也这样做。具体来说,它会询问是否给定的工作收入、股票的市场价格作为在6式中公司的价值一比一减少的现金流量,并且给予盈利、市场价格作为在8式中不对股东权益价值的产生影响的自由的现金流量。出处斯蒂芬H彭曼尼尔耶胡达,收益和现金流量的定价和权责发生制的确认,SPRINGERSCIENCE,2009453479