1、1英语中八种常见时态常用时间状语归纳一、一般现在时 1. 概念:表示现阶段经常发生的动作或现在的某种状况,也表示客观事实、客观规律或客观真理。谓语动词要用原形,主语是第三人称时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。2. 常见时间状语标志:always, often, sometimes, usually, every day, on Sundays, once a day / week / month 等。例如:I do some exercise every day. 我每天做一些锻炼。She knows French and German besides English. 除英语外,她还懂法语和
2、德语。The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。二、一般将来时 1. 概念:表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,以及打算、计划或准备做某事。2. 常见时间状语标志:tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next day / week / month / year, this week / month / year, soon, in + 时间状语 (如 in one hour / in a few minutes 等),in the future, in future 等。例如:Ill take you there tomorrow. 我明
3、天带你去那儿。 Next month we will have our school open day. 下个月我们将迎来学校开放日。The Talent Show is coming in two weeks time. 新秀选拔演出还有两周时间就要到了。三、一般过去时 1. 概念:表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。谓语动词要用过去时。2. 常见时间状语标志:yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night / week / month, 时间词 + ago (如 three days ago), in
4、/ on + 过去的时间词 (如 in 2010), just now, at that time, in those days, one day, long long time ago, once upon a time 等。例如:Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike. 两年前,她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车。Last year, however, nearly twenty billion tons of rice was produced. 然而,去年的稻谷产量接近 200 亿吨。2四、现在进行时 1. 概念:表示现在正在进行
5、的动作,或现阶段正在进行的动作。现在进行时由“am / is / are + 现在分词”构成。2. 常见时间状语标志:now, at this time, at this moment, at present 等。例如:Now she is planning our schedule for the trip. 现在她正在为旅行制定时间表。Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. 当今在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。注意:不用进行时的动词: 表示感官的动词:如 see (看见), h
6、ear (听见) ,feel (感觉出),taste ( 尝出),smell (闻到),notice (注意到),observe (观察到) 等。 表示某种情感或精神状态的动词:如 believe, doubt, feel (= have an opinion), hate, image, know, (dis)like, love, prefer, realize, appreciate, recognize, remember, see (= understand), suppose, think (= have an opinion), understand, want, wish 等。
7、 一些用于交际和应答的动词:如 agree, appear, astonish, deny, disagree, impress, look (= seem), mean, please, promise, satisfy, seem, surprise 等。 表示所属、类似、构成等关系的动词和系动词,如:be, belong, concern, consist, contain, depend, deserve, fit, include, involve, lack, matter, measure (= have length etc.), need, owe, own, possess
8、, weigh (= have weight)。 五、过去进行时 1. 概念:表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作,或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作,过去进行时由“was / were + 现在分词”构成。2. 常见时间状语标志:(just) then, at that time, yesterday afternoon, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from 9 to 10 last evening / night, those days 等。例如:May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant yester
9、day? 请问你昨天到我的餐馆里来干什么?It was a cold day and his jacket was lying on the back of a chair. 天很冷,他的夹克衫搭在椅背上。3. 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别:过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作,强调动作的连续性;而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。六、现在完成时31. 概念:1) 表示动作发生在过去,但其结果影响到现在。常见时间状语标志:already, yet, just, ever, recently, so far, up to / till now 等。2) 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始,一直持续到
10、现在,还可能持续下去。常见时间状语标志:for + 时间段 , since + 时间点 / 过去时从句, ever since 等。3) 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经历。常见时间状语标志:twice, ever, never, three times, before 等。2. 基本结构:have / has + 动词的过去分词。3. 注意:非延续性动词不能用“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这些动词有:come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop 等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延
11、续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词。如:arrive, come be here, be in buy have begin, start be on die be dead go out be outjoin be in borrow keep finish, end be overclose be closedleave, move be awayfall asleep be asleep 4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时和一般过去时都表示过去发生的动作。差别在于:现在完成时强调的是动作与现在的关系,即对现在的影响或动作延续到现在;而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某时发生,不表示和
12、现在有关系。因此,句中有过去时间状语时,一般用一般过去时。试比较:I have lost my new bike. 我把新自行车丢了。 (现在还未找到)I lost my new bike yesterday. 我昨天把新自行车丢了。 (现在找到与否不清楚)He worked there for three years. 他在那里工作了 3 年。 (现在已不在那里工作)He has worked there for three years. 他在那里工作已 3 年了。 (现在仍在那里工作) 5. 注意: have / has gone to, have/has been to 和 have /
13、 has been in 的区别:have / has gone to 表示人在去某地的路上或在某地,还未回来;have / has been to 表示人曾经去某地,并且人已经回来了;have / has been in 表示人已经在某地,常与一段时间连用。七、过去完成时41. 概念:表示以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前的行为,即“过去的过去” 。2. 常见时间状语标志:before, by the end of last term / week / month / year 等。例如:Most of the guests had left when he
14、arrived at the party. 当他到达晚会现场时,大多数客人已经离开了。By the 1990s the number had fallen to about 50,000. 截止到 20 世纪 90 年代, (藏羚羊的) 数量下降到了大约 5 万只。 Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Timoteo had had lots of jobs. 铁穆特欧在志愿指挥交通之前做过很多工作。八、过去将来时1. 概念:表示从过去某个时间看即将发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由“should / would + 动词原形”构成。2. 常见时间状语标志:通常在宾语从句中出现,主句谓语动词为过去时态。例如:She said she would be there at seven oclock, and he thought she would keep her word. 她说她会在 7 点到达,他认为她会守信用的。 They always told us that one day we would move into a house, a real house that would be ours. 他们那时总是跟我们说总有一天我们会搬进一所房子,一所真正属于我们的房子。