一、action 诉讼to bring an action/lawsuit against sb. 向某人提起诉讼，到法院告某人defendant 被告appellant 上诉人appellee 被上诉人cause of action 案由transaction 交易to join sb. as plaintiff/defendant 与某人共同起诉、把某人作为第三人被告合并起诉to make a complete determination of a controversy彻底解决争端to be liable 负有责任to rest on 依靠，依赖adversary 敌手，对手；敌对的adversary system 抗辩制advocate 用户，提倡；拥护者，辩护者produce 拿出，出示evidence 证据inquisitorial 纠问的civil law tradition 大陆法传统presentation 介绍，陈述intervene 干涉，介入safeguard 预防措施，保证条款
