1、陆 河 电 大 公 共 资 源摘 自 中 央 电 大 资 源 1新思维综合英语第一册第四单元参考讲义本单元主要对话功能：How to talk about a foreign language 如何谈论一门外语How to talk about ones family 如何谈论家庭How to talk about events in the past 如何谈论过去的事情How to talk about how you met someone 如何谈论与别人相识的经过Lesson 23, What does the “K” stand for? Luke Taylor and Maya Wi
2、nston are talking about their families. Focus Questions and answers:1. How does Luke know that Koziol is Polish?_Lukes wife is Polish, and Lukes spent some time in Poland. So he should be able to speak a little Polish or at least recognize the Polish sound. 2. How did Luke get to know his wife?_She
3、studied in his English class in the States. 3. How is Lukes wife, Stenias English now? How did she 陆 河 电 大 公 共 资 源摘 自 中 央 电 大 资 源 2achieve that?_She speaks English almost perfectly now. She worked so hard on her English (while she was learning English). 4. Where are Mayas relatives now? What languag
4、e do Mayas parents speak at home?_They are all living in the States now. Mayas parents speak English now because in the dialogue, Maya says that her father used to speak Polish, and her mother forgot all other languages since she learned English. （所以他们家就说英语了。 ）Language points in the dialogues:What a
5、n unusual necklace! 是个感叹句，What a 后边一般跟名词性短语。如： What an interesting story (it is)! 这个故事多有趣呀！What a splendid performance! 演出多精彩啊！Stand for 代表，表示。如：What does “K” stand for? K 的意思是什么？PE stands for physical education. PE 表示体育课的意思。在西方国家里，女孩子长大结婚后一般要改用丈夫的姓氏，Maiden name 指女孩结婚前所用的姓。The States (S 大写) ，指 the U
6、nited States. 口语中，人们谈起美国时，用得更多的是 the States 或 America, 来代替 the USA.陆 河 电 大 公 共 资 源摘 自 中 央 电 大 资 源 3Which language do you speak at home, English or Polish? 选择疑问句，疑问词用 which，也可以说 What language(s) do you speak? 如果问话人知道你会讲多种不同外语，会用 languages 来提问。Speak 讲（一种语言） 。How many languages can he speak? Used to do
7、 sth, 过去常常做某事。现在已经没有这习惯了。I used to smoke a lot. Work hard, 努力工作，认真工作。Be good at sth. 在某方面很擅长，有某方面能力。She is good at languages. 她有语言天赋。She still has a very slight accent, but you can hardly tell shes foreign. 她仍然有一点点口音，不过你几乎分辨不出她是外国人了。Accent 口音，腔调，someone with a different accent 不同口音的人。Slight 微小的，轻微的。
8、Shes got a slight headache. 她有点（轻微的）头痛。Tell 区分，辨别。They look exactly the same how can you tell which is which? 他们看起来一模一样，你怎么能分辨出哪个是哪个呢？动词 tell 当“区分、辨别”讲时，一般用在 tell sb / sth from sb / sth 这样的结构中。如：Can you tell Jane from her twin sister? 你能把 Jane 和她的双胞胎妹妹分辨开吗？Hardly 几乎不，几乎没有。Im so tired I can hardly wa
9、lk any further. 我太累了，几乎一步也走不动了。学习时需要注意这类含有否定意义的副词，在句子中使用时，避免双重否定。比如，陆 河 电 大 公 共 资 源摘 自 中 央 电 大 资 源 4刚才这句话就不能说成 Im so tired I can not hardly walk any further. (错句)Was either of your parents born in Poland? Yes, they both were. 你父母有谁是在波兰出生的吗？是的，他们都是。Either of 二者之一。后面常常接两个方面、两件事情或两个人，相关的动词往往用单数。Either
10、of the two phrases is acceptable. 两个短语哪个都可以接受。Either or 常常连用，表示“二者之中任选其一” 。He must be either mad or drunk. 他不是疯了，就是醉了。I was expecting you (to come) either today or tomorrow. 我希望你要么今天要么明天来。He hasnt spoken it since my grandparents died. 自从我的祖父母去世后他就没再讲过。注意这句话里的现在完成时和一般过去时结合使用时的典型用法。表示“自从（可以是某件事或某个时间点）
11、以来一直（没）做某事”的时间关系时，一般用 since 将主从句连接起来，主句一般用现在完成时，since 后的从句部分用一般过去时或者用表示时间点的名词（短语） 。如：I havent heard from him since he left here last year. 自从去年他离开这里我没有收到他的信。John has been in this country since he was ten. 陆 河 电 大 公 共 资 源摘 自 中 央 电 大 资 源 5从十岁开始 John 就住在这个国家了。Fluently 流利地，指语言或讲话口齿很流利。Fluent 流利的，形容词。She
12、 speaks fluent English. She speaks English fluently. 她讲英语很流利。Unfortunately, 不幸地。Unfortunate 不幸的。说话人为了表示马上要说的内容很不幸，或很遗憾，常常用 unfortunately / unlucky 来带出即将要说的话。如：Unfortunately, he didnt pass the end-of-term examination. 不幸的是，他没有通过期末考试。As soon as, 一就，表示两件事情紧接着连续发生，既可以用于谈论未来的事情也可以用于谈论过去。如：As soon as we g
13、et the tickets well send them to you. 我们一拿到票就给你送过来。As soon as she got out of bed the telephone stopped ringing. 她一下床电话铃就断了。Lesson 27. I guess my mind was somewhere else. Laura and Chuck are having something to eat after seeing a movie. They talk about Chucks job interview. Focus questions and answer
14、s:1. Where do you think the dialogue takes place?_Most probably in a restaurant.陆 河 电 大 公 共 资 源摘 自 中 央 电 大 资 源 62. Why was Chucks mind somewhere else?_He was thinking about the interview. 3. Why was Chuck anxious? _he was anxious to know the interview result, and of course he wanted to get the job.
15、Language points in the dialogue:You were thinking about the interview again, werent you? Think about, 考虑，思考。We have to think about whether we should buy the car.我们得认真考虑一下买不买车。Im thinking about the plan for our tour.我在考虑我们的旅行计划。这句话里的 Werent you？ 是个附加疑问句。在这样的句子里，一般来说，前面需要有个陈述句。如果陈述句用肯定句，附加疑问句就用否定式疑问句。
16、如果陈述句用否定句，附加疑问句就用肯定式疑问句。如：Youve been to the Great Wall, havent you? Hes not going to the party, is he? 但是，有时也有例外。如：She telephoned her brother, did she? （用来表示惊讶、确认等。）使用附加疑问句时，不仅要注意前后肯定与否定的关系，还要注意助动词和时态的一致性问题。比如，如果前边的句子用现在完成时，陆 河 电 大 公 共 资 源摘 自 中 央 电 大 资 源 7附加疑问句就需要用 have 或 havent；如果前边的句子用带有 will 的一般将
17、来时，附加疑问句就需要用 will 或 wont 等等。Get sth out of ones mind 摆脱思想中的困扰。如：He was terribly lost in that experience for quite some time, and finally he got it out of his mind when he moved to a new place. 他很长时间一直沉浸在那次可怕的经历中不能自拔，直到后来搬到一个新地方后才得以摆脱出来。Figure out 理解，弄清楚，解决。She hasnt figured out what shes going to do
18、 next. 她还没有弄清楚接下来她将做什么。He has figured out all the possibilities before he does it. 他事前已经弄清楚了所有的可能性。Anxious to do sth 迫不及待想做某事。She is so anxious to visit Beijing next week because it is her first visit there. Make a / the decision 做出决定，确定。Who made the decision to go there?是谁决定去那儿的？I think Ive made a
19、wrong decision to buy this big house.我想我决定买这座大房子是错误的。Relax 放松，松弛。陆 河 电 大 公 共 资 源摘 自 中 央 电 大 资 源 8Lets stop working and relax for an hour. 别干了，我们休息一小时吧。Lesson 29 The first Americans.Focus questions:1Why did Columbus call people already living in America “Indians” when he landed there?2. How did the a
20、ncestors of these people come to America?3. What technique do scientists use to decide the age of the remains of the ancient bodies or artifacts?4. What are causing excitement and controversy among experts?5. What did scientists find in Chili?6. What is the most controversial finding in Brazil? Lang
21、uage Points in the Reading Text: Scientists disagree on the date. 科学家在日期上没有达成一致。Agree / disagree on sth 在某方面意见（不）一致， （不）同意。介词用 on. Finally we agreed on the route for climbing the hill. 最后我们就爬山路线达成了一致意见。学习时注意这个短语跟 agree / disagree with sb / sth 的区别。Agree / disagree with sb / sth（不）同意某人说的话或者看法；与某人意见不一
22、致。I disagree with much of what he says. 陆 河 电 大 公 共 资 源摘 自 中 央 电 大 资 源 9我不同意他说的很多话。My brother agrees with me in most of the issues we discuss. 在讨论问题时，我弟弟大多同意我的看法。Original 原有的，原始的，初始的；新颖的，有创造性的。It is said no one can remember the original state of the building. 据说，没有人能回忆起那座楼本来的样子了。This is the most ori
23、ginal story Ive ever read. 这是我读过的最新颖的故事了。Arrive in 到达某一地方、城市（比较大的地方） ，如：It was raining when we arrived in Guangzhou. 而 arrive at 的意思是“到达一个具体的小的地点” ，如： He arrived at his hotel soon after midnight. Arrive at 还表示经过努力达成协议、决定、或达到某种程度。It took us several hours to arrive at a decision. 我们花费了好几个小时才终于达成决议。在 W
24、hen Columbus “discovered” America in 1492, he found people already living there.这句话里，discover 用了引号，原因是什么呢？discover 这个词的意思是，发现原来没有被人所知道或了解的事情或情况。Discover 不同于 find, 后者的意思是，找到，发现，是一般意义上的看见或找到，被找到的东西本来就是存在的。在哥伦布发现新大陆的时候美洲这块大陆已经是存在的，而且有人居住，所以并不陆 河 电 大 公 共 资 源摘 自 中 央 电 大 资 源 10是他第一个发现这个地方的。Find sb doing s
25、th 发现某人正在做某事。When I entered the room, I found him watching TV. 我进入房间的时候，看见他正在看电视。Thinking he had landed in the East Indies, he called these people “Indians”. 前半句话 Thinking he had landed in the East Indies 是个 ing 分词短语，做 he called these people “Indians” 的原因状语。Stretching from the top of North America t
26、o the tip of South America were many different groups是个倒装句，动词谓语是 were, 主语是 many different groups. 用来强调“不同的种族部落由北到南散布在美洲大陆”的这个事实。Migrate 迁移，移往。Migrate from one place to another 从一个地方迁移到另一个地方。如：They had to migrate to this new land because of the terrible flood in the fifties. 由于五十年代的那场可怕的洪水他们被迫迁移到了这片土地。The northern half of the earth was covered in ice. 北半球被冰雪覆盖。有时，我们也用 be covered with 来表示“长有很多，覆盖着很多”如：The next morning when I woke up, I found the trees were
