1、 外文翻译 Family Financial Management Planning for the Future Material source： The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension A ut ho r : D e nY e l le B a e t e K e nyo n a nd L yn ne M . B o r d e n Financial planning is important to maintaining a stable financial household. Good financial planning a
2、nd achieving financial stability will also help to prevent financial crisis. First, this fact sheet will help you create a budget in order to examine which household expenses could be reduced, so that you can set goals to limit your spending. Next, you will learn how to set debt reduction and saving
3、s goals. Finally, after examining your expense reduction, debt reduction, and savings goals, you will be prepared to develop a spending plan. Creating (and sticking to) a budget and spending plan will assist in attaining financial stability. Family Money Management You are not alone! Financial probl
4、ems are a common problem in todays society. Financial troubles such as falling behind in paying the bills, accumulating credit card debt, or being forced to put a second mortgage on a house happen to people everyday. Are you faced with the financial disappointments of not being able to afford that n
5、ew car or vacation, or not being able to purchase a ho use because of credit problems?Is there constant fighting in your household about family members spending habits? Have you been putting off saving money for emergencies or for long-term goals such as your childs college or your retirement? If yo
6、ur answer to any of these questions is yes, the following information will be helpful to you. You can prevent financial crisis by being organized and prepared with your finances. The best way to achieve financial stability is to create a budget and develop a spending plan to get rid of debt and save
7、 money. Financial stability is achieved when you are able to meet day-to-day financial obligations, which include establishing a savings plan, reducing debt to a controllable level, and establishing an emergency fund equal to 3-6 months living expenses (CSREES, 2002). The keys to successful financia
8、l planning are good record keeping and the consistent implementation of your plans. Creating a Budget The act of creating a budget will allow you to see your current financial status, as well as allow you to see where expenses can be cut back. The first step is to organize all of your financial info
9、rmation. You will need the following: bank statements & checkbook register, monthly bills (e.g., credit card, electricity, phone), information about monthly and supplemental income. It is best to have the prior 6 months bank statements, bills, and income information in order to get a more accurate m
10、onthly budget using average monthly income and expenses. Step 1-Figure out average monthly net (take-home) income. Do not include unexpected income. Do include average earnings from stable supplemental income (e.g., child support, selling vegetables). Step 2-Figure out average monthly expenses. Comb
11、ine ALL monthly expenses, including basic needs (food, clothing, shelter, and transportatio n) and discretionary spending (entertainment, donations, and investments). Pay attention to the amount you are spending on fixed expenses (such as the mortgage payment) versus your variable expenses (e.g., ea
12、ting out).Rent/mortgage payments, (s)Insurance (car, homeowners, renters), Home and car maintenance, Credit card payments, Real estate and property taxes, Utilities (water, electric, gas, phone, cable, internet), Day care/kids expenses, Clothing, personal hygiene (hair cuts, toiletries)Medical/denta
13、l expenses, Entertainment (movies, restaurant eating), Vacations/birthdays/holidays, Groceries including convenience food (meals, snacks, and beverages). Step 3-Figure out monthly balance by subtracting monthly expenses from monthly income. This will tell you how much money you should have at the en
14、d of the month to put into savings. If you have a have a negative monthly balance (you are spending more than you earn), you need to reduce expenses. Step 4-Examine expenses to see where you can reduce spending. Pay close attention to the non-necessary items (entertainment, eating out, expensive gif
15、ts, and vacation expenses). Setting Debt Reduction Goals Reducing the debt you carry is a critical step to financial stability. Whether it is credit card debt or a student loan, interest rates make it harder and harder to pay off your original debt the longer you wait. People can especially become q
16、uickly overwhelmed with credit card debt, because of the high interest rates and the accessibility of more credit cards. A good rule of thumb is not to carry debt that exceeds 20% of your take home pay. By accumulating debt without managing your spending habits, a family may unnecessarily enter fina
17、ncial crisis. You can manage and reduce your debt by setting smart, specific goals that are attainable (Examples derived from Money2020). Method 1 Reduce total credit card debt by _% Example: The Anderson family has a total of $3, 050 in credit card debt. They are considering reducing that debt load
18、 by 20% or $610 in one year. This will require an extra $12 per week set aside for debt repayment ($610 / 52 weeks = $11.73 per week or approximately $50 per month). Method 2 Completely pay off credit card debt within _ years. Example: To pay off $3, 050 in the next three years, the Anderson family
19、may divide the dollar amount owed by the number of months until the deadline. Three years will equal 36 payments until the deadline. They will need to pay $85 off the principal each month in addition to the interest on the unpaid balance in order to eliminate this debt by their deadline ($3050 /39 m
20、onths = $84.72 + interest per month). Setting Savings Goals Saving money is another positive step on the road to financial security. Even if you have large amounts of debt to pay off, you may want to start putting away $5 a week, just to get in the habit of saving. You may want to have a portion of
21、your paycheck directly deposited into your savings account. That way, you will never miss the money or have access to it. Whether saving for a specific purchase (such as a vacation), or setting up a savings account, it is important not to dip into the savings pool for other reasons. This becomes a b
22、ad habit and defeats the purpose of having a savings goal. Remember to set specific goals that are attainable. To attain financial security, first focus on short term goals, such as setting up an emergency fund, or saving a percentage of income per year. Method 1 Establish an emergency fund of at le
23、ast 2 months of salary to cover 3-6 months living expenses. This is a good first step for a savings plan if you do not currently have funds available for unexpected expenses like medical emergencies, replacements, and repairs (for cars, appliances, etc.). Example: The Lopez family will set aside $2,
24、500 in their emergency fund within 18 months. They need to set aside $138.88 per month or approximately $33 per week to achieve this savings goal. Method 2 Save a certain percent of income per year. Most financial planners recommend saving at least 10% of annual income for long term future goals. Ex
25、ample: The Lopez family decides to save 10% of annual take home income which for them will be $2500 per year. This amounts to $207 per month or about $48 per week ($2500 / 52 weeks = $48). Developing a Spending Plan Step 1 Follow the procedures described above to create a budget. Track your spending
26、 for three months and carefully monitor your ATM withdrawals and incidental spending. Examine the budgets monthly balance ask yourself what unnecessary expenses you can cut out. Remember to provide for needs before wants. Step 2 Examine your expense reduction goals, debt reduction goals, and savings
27、 goals. The objective should be to match your familys spending to your current income. Combine information about your familys income and expenses from your previous budget and make adjustments according to expense goals, debt reduction goals, and savings goals. This becomes your new plan for spendin
28、g and saving. Step 3 Develop a new spending plan from the budget and stick to it! The best way to follow your spending plan is to keep track of everything your family purchases in a notebook. If you set realistic spending and savings goals, you shouldnt have a difficult time in following the plan, b
29、ut if you find the budget constrictive, dont be afraid to make small adjustments. This is better than dropping your spending plan altogether. Internet Resources Arizona Money 2000: Provides information about financial classes in Pima county, information about financial fitness, and links to newslett
30、ers. Arizona Saves: Affiliated with the America Saves program, Arizona Saves helps people save money, build wealth, and get out of debt. http:/ag.arizona.edu/extension/money2000/ http:/www.arizonasaves.org/ Financial Calculators: Calculators that can help you figure out how to set your debt and savi
31、ngs goals.http:/www.ace.uiuc.edu/cfe/calculators.html Take Charge America: Phoenix based organization that provides education, counseling, and debt management.http:/ Money Management International: Non-profit agency that provides free professional credit counseling, debt management programs, and con
32、sumer education. http:/www.mmintl.org/ National Endowment for Financial Education: Information on ways to save money, tips on how to become a savvy saver, a savings quiz, and financial calculators to help figure out how long it would take to save money or pay off a loan. http:/www.nefe.org/ Developi
33、ng a Cash Flow Plan: Financial planning tips for creating a cash flow plan, in order to project the consequences and actions of potential actions. http:/pearl.agcomm.okstate.edu/agecon/tax/f-751.pdf Developing an Income Statement: Information on creating an income statement, which indicates whether
34、a business has earned money or suffered a loss. http:/pearl.agcomm.okstate.edu/agecon/tax/f-753.pdf Tax Management and Financial Management: Information on strategies for effective financial planning including tax considerations. http:/osuextra.okstate.edu/tropical/economics/taxmgmt.shtml Budgets: T
35、heir use in Farm Management: Information on different types of budgets, reasons why budgets should be done, and resource allocation. http:/pearl.agcomm.okstate.edu:16080/agecon/farm/f-139.pdf Supporting Families Following a Disaster: The University of Arizona College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
36、 Cooperative Extension has designed this series of facts covering special needs of families during difficult times. http:/www.ag. arizona.edu/fcs/supporting families/ （ Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Ag
37、riculture, James A. Christenson, Director, Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona. The University of Arizona College of Agriculture and Life Sciences is an equal opportunity employer authorized to provide research, educational information, and othe
38、r services only to individuals and institutions that function without regard to sex, religion, color, national origin, age, Vietnam era Veterans status, or disability.） （ 10/2004 AZ134I THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCES TUCSON ARIZONA 85721DENYELLE BAETE KENYON Docto
39、ral Student Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences LYNNE M. BORDEN Extension Specialist and Associate Professor Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences This information has been reviewed by university faculty. ) References Bristow, B.J. Money 2020. http:/www.americasaves.org/ Cooperativ
40、e State Research, Education, and Extension Service (2003). Measurement of money management desired outcomes. http:/www.csrees.usda.gov/nea/ economics/res/security_res_moneymtg3.html Hallman, G.V. & Rosen bloom, J.S. (1975). Personal financial planning: How to plan for your financial freedom. New Yor
41、k: McGraw-Hill, Inc. 家庭财务管理 为未来而规划 资料来源： 亚利桑那大学合作扩展 作者： 丹耶 勒 贝特 肯扬和 林恩 M 登 财务计划对于维护稳定的家庭财务很重要 ，良 好的财务计划和 稳定 的 财务 实施 还有助于阻止财务危机 的发生。 首先 ，一张财务计划表能够帮助 你做好 预算 ， 以便检查哪些家庭开支可以缩减 ， 从而帮你设定目标以限制自己的开销 。 第二 ，财务计划表 还可以帮你设定减少借贷和增加储蓄的目标 。 最后 ，通过检查消费缩减目标 ， 借贷目标和储蓄目标 ， 你就有了一个家庭开支计划 。做一个 (并维持一个 )预算和开支计划将有助于维护家庭财务的稳定
42、 。 家庭资金管理问题 家庭资金管理问题是个普遍性问题。 当今社会 ， 财务问题是个普遍的问题 。 每天人们都会遇到财务麻烦 ,诸如 :逾期未付的帐单 ， 多次透支的信用卡或者被迫二次抵押贷款的房子等 。 你 是否正 面临由于买不起新车 ， 负担不起假期出游的费用或者因为信用问题而不能买房的 财务 尴尬局面吗 ？ 你是否被家人的消费习惯长期困扰 ？ 对于可能出现的紧急情况或者那些长期目标 ，比如 孩子上大学或者你将来的退休等 ， 你是否一直没有为之储蓄 ？ 对于这些问题 ，即使 只有一个答案是肯定的 ， 那下面的信息就会对你有帮助 。 您可以 通过 组织 和准备您的财务 防止 财务 危机 的发
43、生。 实现 财 务 稳定和发展 最好的办法是 创造一个预算支出计划 来 摆脱债务和节省资金 。 当你能满足日常的 财务需要时财务 稳定 就实现了 ，其中包括建立一个储蓄计划 ， 减少债务 到一个可控制 的水平，并建立一个相当于 36 个月 生活费 的紧急资金（ CSREES， 2002 ）。财务 计划 的成功关键是保持良好的记录和计划 的贯彻 实施。 创建 预算 建立一个预算法案将 可以让您 查看目前的财务状况， 了解 可减少费用的地方。第一步是组织所有财务信息。你将需要：银行对账单及支票登记 、 每月帐单（例如，信用卡，电费，电话费） 、 每月 固定和 额外收入 的信息。 最好是有前 6 个
44、月的银行对账单，账单和收入信息，以便 通过月平均收入和支出得出更准确的月预算计划。 第 1 步 ：算出月平均净收入 。不包括意外收入。确实包括从稳定的补充收入（如子女 赡养 ， 销售蔬菜 ） 摊得 的平均收入。 第 2 步 ： 算出月平均消费 。 结合每月的所有 费用，包括基本需求（食品 ，衣服，住房和交通）和可自由支配开支（娱乐，捐款和投资）。请注意您 消费的固定费用（如按揭付款） 和 变动费用 （ 如 外出就餐 ）。租金 /按揭付款 ， 汽车贷款 保险（业主自己的车）， 家居及汽车维修 ， 信用卡付款 ， 房地产及物业税 ， 公用事业（水，电，煤气，电话，有线电 视，因特网） ，托儿所 /
45、孩子的费用 ， 服装，个人卫生（理发，洗浴 ） ， 医疗 /牙科费用 ， 娱乐（ 看 电影，餐厅 饮食 ） ， 休假 /生日 /节日 ， 杂货包括方便食品（餐饮，小吃，饮料） 。 第 3 步 ：通过 每月收入减去每月费用 算出月结余 。这会告诉 你 在本月底前 你可以存 多少钱 。如果你有一个 负 月结余（你 消费 的 比你的收入 多 ），你需要减少开支。 第 4 步 ： 检查费用 来 看看您可以 在哪里 减少支出。密切关注非必要的项目（娱乐， 餐饮，昂贵的礼物 和度假费用）。 设置债务削减目标 减少 你承担的 债务 是 财务 稳定 的 重要一步 。 无论是信用卡债务或学生贷款，利率 使清偿你
46、原 来 的债务越来越难 、花的时间越来越长 。 因为高利率和更多信用卡的积累，信用卡债务让人们很快不堪重负。 一个好的经验 之谈 是不承担 超过 20 工资 的债务 。 在没有好好地管理你的消费习惯的情况下积累了债务 ，一个家庭可能不必要地进入 财务 危机。您可以 通过制定精明、切实可行的 目标 管理和减少 你的债务。 （ 摘 自 Money2020） 方法 1 减少 _ 的信用卡债务 。 例如：安德森家庭有 3050 美元 的信用卡债务 。他们正考虑 一年内 减少20 或 610 美元的 债务负担 。 为此， 他们每星期 要 拨出 12 美元来偿还债务 （ 61美元 /52 星期 =每星期
47、11.73 美元 或每月 50 美元左右）。 方法 2 在 _年之内 完全 还清信用卡债务。 例如：在未来三年 要还清 3050 美元 ， 安德森家庭 根据付款期限来划分每月所需偿还的 金额。 三年等于 36 次付款 。 为了在截止 期限 内 消除债务 ， 除 了每月 未付余额的利息 外 ，他们 每月 还需要 还清本金 85 元（ 3035 美元 /39 个月=84.72 美元 +每月利息）。 设定 储蓄目标 储蓄 是财务安全另一积极方法 。即使你有大量的债务 要去偿还 ，你 也 可能 想 要 每个星期 存 5 美元，只是为了 养成 储蓄 的 习惯。您可能 想要把一部分的薪水 直接 存 入您的
48、储蓄账户。这样，您 永远不会失去 这笔钱，或者说，可以留着备用 。无论 储蓄是为了 特定 消费 （如度假），或 是 设立一个储蓄帐户，重要的 是 不要为了其他原因存 。 这 是一个坏习惯并且违背了储蓄的原意 。 记得 制定 的 具体目标是切实可行的 。为了实现 财务 安全， 首先集中 短期目标，如设立一个紧急基金， 或者每年节省 收入 的一个百分比 。 方法 1 建立一个至少 2 个月工资 的 应急基金以 保证 36 个月的生活费。如果你目前还没有资金 可以应付意外开支，比如 医疗救护，更换和维修费用（汽车，家电等） ， 那么 这 将 是 对 储蓄计划 很好的 第一步 。 例如：洛佩兹家族将
49、在 18 个月内 设置 2500 美元的 紧急 基金。 为此，他们每 月 需 拨出 138.88 美元或每星期 大约 33 美元。 方法 2 保存每年一定百分比 的收入 。大多数理财规划师建议 为了 长远发展目标每年至少 储蓄 10 的收入。 例如：洛佩兹家族决定 每年 节存 10 的 净 收入 ， 对于他们来说相当于 每年 2500 美元 。这 数量相当于每月 207 美元 或每星期 48 美元金额（ 2500 美元/52 周 = 48 美元 ）。 发展开支计划 第 1 步 按照上述程序建立一个预算。 记录 您 三个月的开支 ，仔细监视你的 ATM 消费 。研究预算的每月结余 问问自己，你可以减少 哪些 不必要的开支。记得 在想要东西之前先 想想有没有必要买 。 第 2 步 检查你的费用削减目标，削减债务的目标和储蓄目标。目标应该是符合您家庭的开支 和 你目前的收入。结合你 的 家庭收入和以前 预算 中的开支， 根据开支目标、 债务
