1、原文GLOBALSUPPLYCHAINSANDTHEOUTSOURCINGRISKSCHANGESWITHEACHNEWDAY,THEMARKETCOMPETITIONALONGWITHTHESCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYTOBEDAYBYDAYINTENSETODAYWHICH,THECUSTOMERPERSONALIZATIONDEMANDSTRENGTHENSUNCEASINGLY,WHATENTERPRISEFACINGISACHANGEISGETTINGQUICKERANDQUICKER,THEUNCERTAINTYTOBEGETTINGSTRONGERANDSTRONGE
2、R,THEGLOBALECONOMICINTEGRATIONTOBUYTHESIDEMARKETDAYBYDAY,BUTTHETRADITIONALMARKETWASALREADYUNABLETORESPONDTHEMARKETFASTTHEDEMAND,THEREFOREAPPEAREDHASSUPPLIEDTHECHAINTOMANAGETHISNEWMANAGEMENTPATTERN,NAMELYTHROUGHOBTAINEDTHEFASTRESPONSEMARKETDEMANDUSINGENTERPRISESEXTERIORRESOURCESTHEGOALSUPPLYCHAINMANA
3、GEMENTEMPHASIZEENTERPRISEFINITERESOURCESFOCUSONITSCOREBUSINESS,ANDWILLENTRUSTOTHERNONCOREBUSINESSENTERPRISEOFOUTSOURCINGFINISHEDACCORDINGTORECENTSTATISTICS,2003,GLOBALOUTSOURCINGSPENDINGBROKETHROUGHAT1510BILLIONDOLLARSONEOFTHEAMERICANMORETHAN81BILLION,GLOBALOUTSOURCINGSERVICEMARKETAVERAGEANNUALGROWT
4、HRATEISABOUT12AMONGTHEMTHEASIAPACIFICREGIONFOR15ANYHOW,OUTSOURCINGBECOMENEARLY20YEARSENTERPRISEMOSTCOMMONLYUSEDISALSOONEOFTHEMOSTCONVENIENTSTRATEGYTHEWHOLEWORLDWITHANNUALINCOMESOF50MILLIONORMORECOMPANIESENGAGEDINSERVICEOUTSOURCINGIFTHEKODAKCOMPANIESINORDERTOFOCUSONTHEIROWNMAINSTREAMBUSINESS,BROUGHTT
5、HEDATAPROCESSINGHASOUTSOURCEDIBM,ANDBASEDONTHESAMEIDEAIBMANDPUTTHEIRGLOBALNETWORKSYSTEMOUTSOURCINGMOREPROFESSIONALATYOUSTILLNEEDTOCONTROLTHESTRATEGY,YOUNEEDTOSPENDTIMEINTEGRATINGTHEOUTSOURCEDSERVICEINTOYOURCOMPANYTHEMORECENTRALTHEACTIVITYISTOTHEHEARTOFTHECOMPANY,THEMORETIMETHATISREQUIREDTOREALLYENSU
6、RETHEOUTSOURCEDOPERATIONISINTEGRATEDHOWTHEORGANIZATIONSARELINKEDISONEOFTHEKEYSTOTHESUCCESSOFOUTSOURCINGTHEOTHERMANAGEMENTRISKSARETHATYOUDIDNOTDEFINETHESTRATEGICCHANGESTHATYOUARELOOKINGFORWHENYOUDIDOUTSOURCEANDYOUMAYNOTHAVESHAREDTHETHOUGHTSWITHTHEPROSPECTIVEPARTNERYOUMAYNOTHAVEDECIDEDHOWSUCCESSANDFAI
7、LUREWILLBEJUDGEDANDTHEREFORENOTDECIDEDWHETHERANYFORMOFGAINSHAREISAPPROPRIATETOTHECONTRACTSUPPLYCHAINBETWEENENTERPRISESTRUSTTOBECOMETHEENTERPRISETHEPREMISEANDFOUNDATIONOFMUTUALCOOPERATIONENTERPRISEANDOUTSOURCINGSERVICEPROVIDERINSUPPLYCHAINLINK,AMONGTHEMTHECOOPERATIONWILLBUILDONTHEBASISOFMUTUALTRUSTTR
8、USTISSUESTHATAFFECTFINANCIALOUTSOURCINGIMPLEMENTTHEIMPORTANTPROBLEMOUTSOURCINGOPERATIONCOSTISTOOHIGH,SERVICELEVELISLIMITEDBECOMEOUTSOURCINGSERVICEPROVIDEROFCOMPETITIVEDISADVANTAGEANDOUTSOURCINGSERVICEOPERATIONOFHIGHCOSTTOBECOMETHEENTERPRISEOFEXISTINGOUTSOURCINGSERVICEOPERATIONDISSATISFIEDOFMAINREASO
9、NSOTHERWISE,ALLTHEOUTSOURCINGOPERATIONANDLOWCOSTHIGHQUALITYWILLBETHATTHEDEMANDENTERPRISESHAVETOTURNTOTHEIRPOWERTODEVELOPBUSINESSANDAVOIDOFFBECAUSEOFHIGHCOSTANDHINDERINGTHEFURTHERDEVELOPMENTOFTHEENTERPRISEBRADLEYTHINKS,OUTSOURCINGCOULDREDUCETHEORGANIZATIONALINNOVATION,WEAKENENTERPRISEACTIVITIESTHATCA
10、NDAMAGETHECONTROLOFENTERPRISELONGTERMCOMPETITIVENESSTHESPECIFICPERFORMANCEINFOURASPECTSTHEFIRSTONEISTHEUNCERTAINTYOFFINANCIALCAPITALOPERATIONINCREASES,THESECONDISENTERPRISEWILLBEEXCESSIVERELIANCEONBANK,THETHIRDISTHEENTERPRISEMAYBEFORFEITEDINNOVATIONABILITYANDMASTERPROFESSIONALSKILLSOFTHEOPPORTUNITIE
11、S,THELASTONEISASERIESOFINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYMEANSRESTRICTIONOUTSOURCINGWILLMAKETHEENTERPRISETOLOSEITSFINANCIALCAPITALCONTROL,THUSINCREASINGENTERPRISECAPITALNORMALOPERATIONOFUNCERTAINTIESANYSIGNOFOUTSOURCINGCONTRACTBOTHSIDESCANTCOMPLETELYFORECASTTHEFUTUREIMPLEMENTATIONMAYARISEDURINGTHEPROCESSOFVARIOU
12、SSITUATION,SOITISDIFFICULTTOALLREQUESTSORSECURITYREGULATIONSCOMPLETELYEMBODIEDINOUTSOURCINGCONTRACT,EVENTHOUGHTHEEXISTINGOUTSOURCINGSERVICETERMSALSOCANNOTASSUREITSINTACTEFFECTIVEEXECUTION,INEVITABLYWILLINCREASETHEINCOMEDISTRIBUTIONOFUNCERTAINTIESINANAMERICANINVESTIGATIONDEMONSTRATEDTHATABOUT25OUTSOU
13、RCINGRELATIONSBURSTWITHINTWOYEARS,BUTHASHALFWITHINFIVEYEARSTOBURST,ITSPRIMARYCAUSEISMANYOUTSIDECONTRACTORSCANNOTFULFILLINTHEOUTSOURCINGCONTRACTCOMPLETELYTHERESPONSIBILITYANDTHEDUTYATTHESAMETIME,BECAUSEINOUTSOURCINGCONTRACT“INVERTIBILITY”PROVISIONFLAW,WHENTHEBANKEITHERTHEOTHERFINANCIALORGANSUBSTANDAR
14、DCONTRACTORAREUNABLETOCOMPLETEEFFECTIVELYTHECONTRACTORISUNABLETOSATISFYENTERPRISESREQUEST,THEENTERPRISEHASUNDERTAKENTHEOUTFLOWOUTSOURCINGFUNDLOSS,BOTHOUTSIDEISUNABLETOCHOOSETHECONTRACTORINASHORTTIMEORTOMANAGEVOLUNTARILY,ANDCREATESTHEFINANCIALFUNDTRANSPORTBUSINESSMANAGEMENTTHEUNCONTROLLEDRISKENTERPRI
15、SEOFTENCHOOSEWILLFINANCIALOUTSOURCINGTOBANKMANAGEMENT,ITISEXPANDINGTHESCALEOFFINANCINGISTHEMOSTCONVENIENTWAYINSOMEEXTENTCOULDELIMINATEANDBANKINGINFORMATIONASYMMETRYBETWEEN,STRENGTHENBILATERALRELATIONSHOWEVER,THISAPPROACHMAYALSOMAKETHEENTERPRISEPRODUCESEXCESSIVERELIANCEONBANKSCOMPAREDWITHTHEENTERPRIS
16、E,FINANCIALMANAGEMENT,THELONGTERMPRACTICESEGREGATIONOFFINANCIALMANAGEMENTSKILLSANDINFORMATIONPROCESSINGCAPACITYLAGSFARBEHIND,ONCEBANKWOULDINCREASEEVENWHENBADMANAGEMENTENTERPRISECAPITALOPERATIONALRISKIGNOREISTHEDEBTSOFTHEVENTUREOFGROWTHWILLINCREASEOFBANKMANAGEMENTRISK,TOPRODUCELINKEDRISKCYCLEENTERPRI
17、SEINTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFFINANCIALCAPITALOPERATINGMANAGEMENTOUTSOURCINGSTRATEGIESOFPROCESS,OFTENLACKOFBANKSANDTHEIRFINANCIALSITUATIONMAINTAINEDREALTIMEMONITORINGOFCONSCIOUSNESS,EVENREPEATEDLYUNILATERALIMPROVETHEIRFINANCIALMANAGEMENTSKILLSANDABILITYTORESISTRISKS,ALSOCANAPPEARTHEIMPROPERMANAGEMENTBECAUS
18、ETHEBANKOVERALLLOSSESORCLOSUREOFNEGATIVESITUATIONENTERPRISEPARTOFFINANCIALMANAGEMENTACTIVITIESOUTSOURCETOOTHERCOMPANIESORFINANCIALINSTITUTIONS,ALTHOUGHTOACERTAINEXTENT,TOOBTAINSPECIALIZATION,LOWCOSTANDOTHERCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGE,BUTATTHESAMETIMELOSTSKILLSANDINNOVATIONTOCONSTRUCTTHECORECOMPETENCEOFTHEF
19、UTUREOPPORTUNITIESTHEOUTSOURCINGOFONESIDEDDEVELOPMENT,BRINGENTERPRISECURRENTDEVELOPMENTANDTHEFUTUREOFSUSTAINEDDEVELOPMENTIMBALANCE,HINDEREDBYSMALLANDMEDIUMTOLARGEENTERPRISESLEAPMEANWHILE,OUTSOURCINGDEVELOPMENTMUSTINNETWORKINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYTORELYON,LACKOFNETWORKPLATFORMANDINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYSUP
20、PORTANDOTHERAUXILIARYFACILITIES,UNDERTHESITUATIONOFENTERPRISEFINANCIALOUTSOURCINGCANGETEXPECTEDEFFECT,STILLEXISTVARIABLESAIMINGATTHESERISKS,WESUMMARIZEDSOMEMEASURESSHOULDBEWEMUSTCONSIDERISAHEADOFTHEOUTSOURCINGOFFINANCIALMANAGEMENTBUSINESSANDENTERPRISELONGTERMSTRATEGICWHETHERCONFLICTTHEPRODUCTIONOFGO
21、ODSANDSERVICESINVOLVESASERIESOFBUSINESSACTIVITY,EXPANDTHECOREFUNCTIONBUSINESSNEEDOTHERNONCOREBUSINESSSUPPORTIFTHEFINANCIALFUNCTIONTOOUTSOURCINGCORECOMPETITIVEABILITY,THECORECONTROLPLAYSANESSENTIALROLE,ISALONGTERMSTRATEGICPARTOFTHISSITUATIONSHOULDNTWASTEOUTSOURCINGRESOURCES,UNFAVORABLEFORSHORTTERMGOA
22、LSIMPLEMENTATIONOUTSOURCINGSTRATEGYANENTERPRISEINAFINANCIALOUTSOURCINGDECISIONMUSTBECLEARLYBEFORE,WHICHCANGETYIELDSANDPOTENTIALRISKSSIMPLYSPEAKING,WECANNOTPUTFINANCIALOUTSOURCINGDECISIONUNILATERALCOLLECTIONINORDERTOCONTROLCOSTPROBLEM,INFACT,STRATEGICUPGRADE,SERVICEQUALITYOFASCENSION,COSTOFTHERELATIV
23、ECONTROL,FINANCIALRISKRESPONSEANDENTERPRISESYSTEM,BUSINESSCOMMUNICATIONENVIRONMENTALFACTORSARECONSIDEREDRANGETHEFINANCIALANDACCOUNTINGDEPARTMENTISACOMPREHENSIVEFUNCTIONALDEPARTMENTS,ITTHROUGHACROSSTHEINFORMATIONOUTPUTFOROTHERDEPARTMENTSWORKPROVIDEFINANCIALACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONANDSUPPORTWHENFINANCIAL
24、DEPARTMENTBUSINESSOUTSOURCED,PROBABLYFACEDECISIONMAKERSPROCESSLOSTTHEORIGINALCONTROL,LACKOFEFFECTIVECOMMUNICATIONCHANNELSITUATIONTHISREQUIRESBOTHSHARETHEBENEFITSBASIS,SHOULDFORMULATEFEASIBLEPERFECTOUTSOURCINGSERVICETERMS,RISKCONTROLREQUEST,MONEYRECOVERYINDEX,COSTSAVINGSSCHEMEANDPROFITSDISTRIBUTEDMEC
25、HANISM,BASEDONINTEGRATIONANDSYSTEMATIZATIONOFOUTSOURCINGOPERATIONSYSTEM,ANDCONSTANTLYIMPROVETHECOOPERATIONOFBOTHSIDESOFTHEDEPTHANDBREADTH,CONTINUEDASCENSIONINOUTSOURCINGSTATEOFTHECOMPANYSFINANCIALMANAGEMENTLEVELATTHESAMETIME,WILLFINANCEFUNCTIONSONOUTSOURCINGBEFORE,MUSTFIRSTUNDERSTANDOUTSOURCINGCOMPA
26、NIESTOKEEPBUSINESSSECRETSMEASURESTAKENBYWHETHERPERFECT,THISINVOLVESOUTSOURCINGCOMPANIESINRELATEDBUSINESSPERSONNELOFPROFESSIONALETHICSANDOUTSOURCINGCOMPANIESESTABLISHEDINTERNALOFPREVENTIONSYSTEMBOTHMUSTIMPROVETHEEFFICIENCYOFTHEOPERATIONOFTHECOMPANY,ANDTOAVOIDTHECOMMERCIALSECRETSOFTHELEAKAGE,WHICHREQU
27、IREDENTERPRISEINFINANCIALOUTSOURCINGINDUSTRIALIZATIONDEVELOPMENTHASNOTMATURE,TRYCOMPANYFINANCIALANDACCOUNTINGMANAGEMENTBASEPARTANDWEAKPARTSOFTHEOUTSOURCINGTHESEMEASURECONCRETEMANIFESTATIONINTHREEASPECTSTHEFIRSTISTOSETUPASETOFPERFECTSUPPLYCHAINBETWEENENTERPRISESTRUSTMECHANISMSTRUSTMECHANISMESTABLISHM
28、ENTNEEDOUTSOURCINGDEMANDENTERPRISEANDOUTSOURCINGSERVICEPROVIDERSTOPROMOTETOGETHERHISCOREABILITY,TOACHIEVETHEPOWERANDPOWERUNIONANDSUPPLYCHAINLINKENTERPRISEOFTRUSTBETWEENNEEDEACHOTHERTOEACHOTHERABILITYAFFIRMATION,OUTSOURCINGSERVICEPROVIDERSTORAISETHEIROWNCORECOMPETITIVENESS,IMPROVECUSTOMERSERVICELEVEL
29、ISOUTSOURCINGDEMANDFORITSENTERPRISEESTABLISHEDTHEBASISOFTRUSTCONDITIONSMEANWHILE,THEENTERPRISESUPPLYCHAINLINKBETWEENESTABLISHGOODCOMMUNICATIONISVERYIMPORTANT,THISKINDOFGOODCOMMUNICATIONREQUIRESORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTUREANDHARDWAREASTECHNICALSUPPORTTHISCENTER,INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYISVERYIMPORTANT,SUPPLYC
30、HAINENTERPRISESRAPIDCOMMUNICATIONESPECIALLYNEEDTOBELIEVECOUPONTECHNOLOGYSUPPORTINADDITION,ESTABLISHOUTSOURCINGDEMANDENTERPRISEANDOUTSOURCINGSERVICESPROVIDEROFTRUSTBETWEENEVALUATIONSYSTEMISALSOVERYIMPORTANT,ITCANOUTSOURCINGCOOPERATIONANDTHEPROBLEMWASSUMMARIZED,THEHEDGINGRISKSFOREFFICIENTCOOPERATIONTO
31、PROVIDESECURITYSECONDLY,THEENTERPRISEADAPTTOSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTREQUIREMENTSOFENTERPRISEORGANIZATIONSTRUCTUREBYASERIESOFCHANGESUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTOFENTERPRISETRADITIONALCOMPETITIVEMODEPOSESACHALLENGE,THEENTERPRISESHOULDBREAKTHETRADITIONALENTERPRISEBOUNDARIESWITHOTHERENTERPRISEFULLYCOOPERATION,THEL
32、IMITEDRESOURCESINTOTHEIROWNCOREAREA,WHICHWILLNONCOREBUSINESSSYSTEMOFOUTSOURCEDSO,BOTHFROMTHEWHOLESUPPLYCHAINANGLEPARTICIPATESINTHEMARKETCOMPETITION,ANDHASPLAYEDTHERESPECTIVEADVANTAGESOFTHEENTERPRISE,TOOPTIMIZETHEALLOCATIONOFRESOURCESFINALLY,TOBETRYINGTOBUILDAGOODCOMPETITIVEENVIRONMENTINOUTSOURCINGST
33、ANDARDIZATION,THEGOVERNMENTANDENTERPRISESUFFICIENTLYCOOPERATION,THEESTABLISHMENTOFLOGISTICSSTANDARDIZATIONSYSTEMTHUS,THEDEVELOPMENTOFOUTSOURCINGBUSINESSTOMOVEINSTANDARDIZATION,LEGALIZATION,THEDIRECTIONOFRATIONALIZATIONOFTHELINESOURCESTEPHENRINSLER,2008“GLOBALSUPPLYCHAINSANDTHEOUTSOURCINGRISKS”CILTWO
34、RLD,MAY,PP8182译文全球供应链和外包风险随着科学技术的日新月异、市场竞争的日趋激烈、顾客个性化需求不断增强的今天,企业面对的是一个变化越来越快、不确定性越来越强、全球经济日趋一体化的买方市场,而传统市场已经无法快速地响应市场的需求,于是出现了供应链管理这一新的管理模式,即通过利用企业的外部资源来获得快速响应市场需求的目的。供应链管理强调企业将有限的资源集中于自己的核心业务,而将非核心业务委托给其他企业。据近几年业务外包的数据统计,2003年全球资源外包服务开支突破了1510亿美元。其中美国超过810亿美元;全球外包服务市场的平均年增长率约为12。其中亚太地区为15。总之,业务外包成
35、为近20年来企业最常用也最便捷的策略之一。目前全世界年收入在5000万美元以上的公司普遍开展了业务外包。如柯达公司为了专注于自身的主流业务,就把其数据处理业务外包给IBM公司;而基于同样的理念,IBM又把自己的全球网络系统业务外包给更专业的ATT公司。但不幸的是,业务外包在全球经济危机和经济链的薄弱环节,依然存在很多的风险,并非所有采用外包战略的公司均能成功,他们对外包风险的规避和控制问题是该战略能否成功的关键。环境风险。当外部力量能够影响企业经营模式的易变性时就出现了环境风险。这些外部因素包括影响决定经营模式的总体目标与战略的基本因素,这会直接造成被竞争者模仿和赶超,使企业反而失去原有的优势
36、资源和核心竞争力,导致企业发展停滞不前。程序风险。由于企业外包控制不足,外包依赖风险或者外包信息风险,使造成企业在做出决策对供应商进行选择与监督时存在很多困难,不能有效地获得、管理、更新、处置其资产,或是企业资产未被明确界定,不能与驱动企业经营模式的战略有效结合起来,或是企业未能有效地满足客户需求,未能创造价值,或是因企业的金融、实物与智力资产存在着意外损失、承受风险误用、滥用的可能而使企业价值降低等因素所导致的风险。实行业务外包的企业应该着重强调集中企业资源于少数具有竞争力的核心业务,而并把非核心业务外包给其他具有比较优势的企业,并与之紧密合作从而提高自身的竞争力。决策风险。由于用以支持企业
37、执行经营模式,进行内外部业绩报告、评估企业经营模式效率所需的信息不相关性或不可靠性所导致的风险。这些风险同创造企业价值的每一个方面都是密切联系的。其中,供应链的时间越长,就有更大的管理时间需要,以此来达到预期的结果。建立在这个阶段的外包服务需求可能会更多,这要求公司去协调外包,协调外包伙伴关系,这个时期企业最关注的是外包零售商的质量。当供应商和管理经过这个阶段,一旦产品与生产都精密的计划和监控好,外包商又要开始准备相关服务的时间、人员和专业的人物技能与外包业务相匹配。这时的外包需要定期联系多方要素的人事,并且要时刻计量额外的成本采购和质量。业务外包并不代表你是完全的撒手不管,你还是需要掌握一定
38、的控制策略,你需要花时间整合为你公司服务的外包内容。这两项结合,既能保证公司活动运作的核心,又有更多的时间切实保证外包正常运作。而对于其它的管理风险,你不需要特别强调它,理念和合作的伙伴不可能总是同一个,成功和失败也不是能预测出来的,因此将这些未知的合作形式都交给外包合同。供应链企业之间的信任成为企业相互合作的前提和基础。企业和外包服务提供商处于供应链环节之中,它们的合作也要建立在相互信任的基础上。信任问题是影响财务外包实施的重要问题。成本的控制和估量,同样是企业必须考虑的关键因素。外包运作成本太高、服务水平有限成为外包服务提供商的竞争劣势。而外包服务运作成本高成为企业对现行外包服务运作不满意
39、的主要原因。否则,一律的外包高成本运作和低质量会使得需求企业不得不求助于自身力量来发展业务,规避掉因成本高而阻碍企业的进一步发展。BRADLEY认为,外包可能会减少组织创新,削弱对企业活动的控制,进而破坏企业的长期竞争力。具体表现在四个方面一是财务资金营运的不确定性增大;二是企业将会对银行过度依赖;三是企业可能丧失创新能力和掌握专业技能的机会;四是一系列信息技术手段的制约。外包会使企业失去对其财务资金的控制,从而增加企业资金正常运营的不确定性。任何签订外包合同的双方都不可能完全预测到未来实施过程中可能出现的各种情况,因此很难将所有的要求或者保障条例完全体现在外包契约中,即使是现有的外包服务条款
40、亦无法保证其完整有效地执行,不可避免地会增大收益分配的不确定性。美国一项调查中显示大约25的外包关系在两年之内破裂,而在五年之内有一半破裂,其主要原因是许多外包商不能完全履行外包契约中的责任和义务。同时,由于外包契约中“可逆性”条款的缺失,一旦银行或其它金融机构等外包商无法有效完成契约或无法满足企业的要求时,企业承担了流失外包资金的损失,既无法在短期内重新选择外包商或自行管理,又造成财务资金营运管理的不可控风险。企业通常选择将财务资金外包给银行管理,这是扩大融资规模的最便利的途径。在一定程度上可以消除与银行之间的信息不对称,加强双方的业务联系。但是,这种做法也可能会使企业产生对银行的过度依赖。
41、与企业相比,金融业长期实行分业经营管理,理财技能和信息处理能力相对滞后,一旦银行经营不善时甚至会加大企业的资金营运风险。不容忽视的是企业的债务大量增长也会增加银行的经营风险,从而产生环环相扣的风险循环。企业在实施财务资金营运管理外包策略的过程中,常常缺乏对银行及其财务资金状况保持实时监控的意识,即使一再单方面的提高自身的理财技能和抗风险能力,也会因为银行的管理不当出现整体亏损或倒闭的不利局面。企业将部分财务管理活动外包给其他公司或金融机构,虽然在一定程度上能够获得专业化、低成本等竞争优势,但同时丧失了掌握专业技能和创新以构建未来核心能力的机会。外包的片面发展,带来了企业当前发展与未来持续发展的
42、不平衡,阻碍了企业由中小型到大型的飞跃。同时,外包的发展必须以网络信息技术为依托,缺乏网络平台和信息技术等配套设施有力支持的情况下,企业财务外包能否取得预期效果,依然存在变数。针对这些风险,我们总结出了一些应对的措施。我们必须提前考虑的是外包的财务管理业务与企业的长远战略是否发生矛盾。产品和服务的生产都牵涉到一系列的业务活动,拓展核心职能业务需要其他非核心业务的支持。假使外包的财务职能对核心竞争能力、核心控制力起着必要的作用,则构成长远战略的一部分,这种情况下就不该浪费外包资源,不宜为了短期目标实施外包策略。一个企业在做出财务外包决策前,必须明确由此可以得到的收益以及潜在的风险。简单的来说,我
43、们不能把财务外包决策单方面的归集为控制成本问题,实际上,战略的升级、服务质量的提升、成本的相对控制、财务风险的应对以及企业制度、业务沟通环境等因素都在考虑的范围内。财务与会计部门是一个综合性的职能部门,它通过扩散性的信息输出为其他各部门的工作提供财务会计的信息支持。当财务部门业务外包出去,很可能面临决策制订过程失去原本的控制,缺乏有效沟通渠道的局面。这要求双方在利益共享的基础上,要制定可行完善的外包服务条款、风险控制要求、资金回收指标、费用节约方案和分配利润机制,在此基础上建立一体化和系统化的外包业务运作体系,并不断改进双方合作的深度与广度,持续提升在外包状态下的公司的财务管理水平。同时,将财
44、务职能外包之前,首先要了解外包公司为保守商业秘密而采取的措施是否完善,这涉及到外包公司处相关业务人员的职业操守以及外包公司内部制定的防范制度。既要提高公司运作的效率,又要避免商业秘密的泄漏,这要求企业在财务外包产业化发展尚未成熟之时,尽量尝试公司财务会计管理基础部分和薄弱部分的外包。这些措施具体表现在三个方面。首先就是要建立一套完善的供应链企业之间的信任机制。信任机制的建立需要外包需求企业和外包服务提供商共同提升自己的核心能力,达到强强联合。而且供应链环节企业彼此之间的信任需要对彼此能力的肯定,外包服务提供商提高自身的核心竞争力,提高客户服务水平是外包需求企业建立对其信任的基础条件。同时,供应
45、链环节上的企业彼此之间建立良好的沟通是非常重要的,这种良好的沟通需要组织结构和硬件作为技术支持。这当中,信息技术是举足轻重的,供应链上企业的快速沟通尤其需要信息技术的支撑。此外,建立外包需求企业和外包服务提供商之间的信任评审体系也非常必要,它能够对外包合作以及所遇到的问题进行总结,规避风险,为高效的合作提供安全保障。其次,企业适应供应链管理要求对企业组织结构进行一系列变革。供应链管理对企业传统竞争模式提出了挑战,企业应该打破传统的企业界限同其他企业充分合作,把有限的资源投入自身的核心领域,而将非核心领域系统的外包出去。这样,既从供应链整体角度参与市场竞争,又发挥了各自企业的优势,达到的资源的优化配置。最后,要竭力营造一个良好的竞争环境。在外包业务标准化方面,政府和企业进行充分的合作,建立物流标准化体系。这样,外包业务的发展才能朝着标准化,合法化,合理化的方向前行。出处斯蒂芬瑞森勒,全球供应链和外包风险,CILTWORLD,2008(5)8182三、指导教师评语建议成绩签字年月日