1、外文文献翻译译文一、外文原文原文DOLEVERAGE,DIVIDENDPOLICYANDPROFITABILITYINFLUENCETHEFUTUREVALUEOFFIRMEVIDENCEFROMINDIAINTRODUCTIONWITHTHEUSHERINGOFECONOMICLIBERALIZATIONIN1992,INDIANSTOCKMARKETHASUNDERGONESEVERALCHANGESOVERTHELASTDECADETHESEINCLUDEINTRODUCTIONOFNEWEXCHANGES,MASSIVECOMPUTERIZATIONANDELECTRONICLIMIT
2、ORDERBOOKINTEGRATINGTHESTOCKEXCHANGESACROSSTHENATION,ESTABLISHINGOFCLEARINGCORPORATIONANDSUBSEQUENTINTRODUCTIONOFNEWDERIVATIVEPRODUCTSINTHEMARKETPERHAPSTHEMOSTIMPORTANTAMONGTHESECHANGESWASTHEESTABLISHMENTOFSECURITIESANDEXCHANGEBOARDOFINDIASEBIIN1992ASTHEMARKETWATCHDOGSEBI,SINCEITSINCEPTIONHASSTRIVED
3、INTHEDIRECTIONOFNARROWINGTHEINFORMATIONGAPBETWEENINDIANCORPORATIONSANDINVESTORS,ENFORCEBETTERCORPORATEGOVERNANCEPRACTICESTHROUGHGUIDELINES,RULESANDREGULATIONSANDTHROUGHACTIVEMARKETFORCORPORATECONTROLTHATHASMARKEDANEWERAINTHEINDIANFINANCIALARENATHEINVESTORSREVELEDTHEIRCONFIDENCETHROUGHTHEIRPARTICIPAT
4、IONINTHEPRIMARYANDSECONDARYMARKETLARGENUMBEROFNEWCOMPANIESCAMETOTHEPRIMARYMARKETOVER199396ANDTHEMARKETCAPITALIZATIONOFSPCNX500HASINCREASEDCONSIDERABLYOVER1990SINDIAHASEMERGEDASANEMERGINGECONOMYWITHLARGESTNUMBEROFCOMPANIESLISTEDINITSSTOCKMARKETSOVERTHELASTDECADECORPORATEGOVERNANCEHASRECEIVEDCONSIDERA
5、BLEIMPORTANCEININDIANFINANCIALMARKETWITHTHEINITIATIONOFMARKETFORCORPORATECONTROLANDACTIVITIESINTHEMERGERANDACQUISITIONMARKET,CEOSHAVEASSIGNEDTREMENDOUSIMPORTANCEFORCREATINGVALUEFORTHEIRFIRMSACCORDINGLYCOMPANIESFROMDIFFERENTSECTORSAND/OROWNERSHIPGROUPSHAVEADOPTEDDIFFERENTSTRATEGIESTOSIGNALTHEIREARNIN
6、GANDGROWTHPOTENTIALOVERTHEYEARSANDTHEREBYINFLUENCETHEIRSTOCKPRICESWITHTHISINTHEBACKGROUNDTHISPAPERATTEMPTSTOANALYZETHEFACTORSTHATINFLUENCEDTHEFUTUREVALUEOFTHECOMPANIESLISTEDININDIANSTOCKMARKETSANDALSOHOWTHEEFFECTOFTHESEFACTORCHANGESOVERDIFFERENTCATEGORIESOFFIRMSBACKGROUNDLITERATURETHEWELLDEVELOPEDAN
7、DVIBRANTLITERATUREINMODERNCORPORATEFINANCEHASITSROOTINTHESEMINALPAPERBYFRANCOMODIGLIANIANDMERTONMILLER1958,1963,MMHENCEFORTHTHISBRANCHOFFINANCESTARTEDWITHTHEASSUMPTIONOFPERFECTINFORMATIONANDCOMPLETEMARKETSITPOSTULATESTHATINATYPICALNEOCLASSICALMARKETWITHPERFECTCOMPETITION,ABSENCEOFAGENCYCOSTS,TRANSAC
8、TIONANDBANKINGCOSTS,THEAVERAGECOSTOFRAISINGFUNDFORANYFIRMISCOMPLETELYINDEPENDENTOFITSCAPITALSTRUCTUREWITHTHESAMESETOFASSUMPTIONSMM1963ARGUEDTHATTHEVALUEOFTHEFIRMISUNAFFECTEDBYTHEDIVIDENDPOLICYHOWEVER,OVERTIMEMANYOFTHESESIMPLIFIEDASSUMPTIONSWERERELAXEDANDSUBSEQUENTRESEARCHSHOWEDCAPITALSTRUCTUREDOESMA
9、TTERANDTHERECOULDEXISTOPTIMALDIVIDENDPOLICYINTHEMODIFIEDMMFRAMEWORKACADEMICLITERATUREOVERTHELASTDECADEHASDOCUMENTEDTHEEFFECTOFDIFFERENTSTRATEGICFACTORSINFLUENCINGTHEFIRMVALUESFORTHEDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESRAPPAPORT1981,1987HASUSEDVALUECREATIONLITERATUREFORCORPORATEMERGERSANDACQUISITIONANDUNDERLINEDTHEIMPO
10、RTANCEOFGROWTHRATE,OPERATINGPROFIT,INCOMETAXRATEANDFIXEDCAPITALINVESTMENTASTHEMAJORFACTORINFLUENCINGTHEFIRMSVALUERECENTLYSOMEOFTHESTUDIESCONCENTRATEDONEMERGINGMARKETTOANALYZETHEFACTORSTHATINFLUENCEDTHEFIRMSVALUEINTHISMARKETBENNACEURANDGOAIED2002INVESTIGATEDVALUECREATIONPROCESSFORTUNISIANSTOCKEXCHANG
11、EUSINGARANDOMPROBITMODELWITHUNBALANCEDPANELDATAITCONSIDEREDTHATTHEMANAGERSSUCCEEDEDCREATINGVALUETOITSSHAREHOLDERSIFTHEMARKETVALUEOFTHESHAREEXCEEDSTHEBOOKVALUEOFTHECORPORATIONANDVICEVERSATHEAUTHORSCONSIDEREDTHREEMAINDETERMINANTSOFVALUECREATIONFINANCIALPOLICY,PROFITABILITYANDDIVIDENDPOLICYINTHEMODIFIE
12、DMMFRAMEWORK,LITERATUREHASSHOWNTHATFIRMSPERFORMANCEDEPENDSONTHECAPITALSTRUCTUREORFINANCIALPOLICYROSS1977ARGUEDTHATMORELEVERAGEWOULDSIGNALTHEINVESTORSABOUTTHEIMPROVEDFIRMPROSPECTANDINFLUENCETHEFIRMSVALUEINFUTUREINCREASEINDIVIDENDPAYOUTINCREASESTHEINVESTORSINCOMEATPRESENTANDSIGNALTHEEXPECTEDFUTURECASH
13、FLOWFORTHECORPORATIONPROFITABILITYISUNDOUBTEDLYONEOFTHEMAJORFACTORSDETERMININGTHEFIRMVALUEBENNACEURANDGOAIED2002ARGUEDTHATWHILEPROFITABILITYANDDEBTHAVEPOSITIVEEFFECTONTHEPROBABILITYOFCRATINGFUTUREVALUE,THEPAYOUTHAVEREVERSEEFFECTONTHESAMEINDIAHASONEOFTHEMOSTDEVELOPEDSTOCKMARKETSINTHEWORLDWITHLARGENUM
14、BEROFDOMESTICANDINTERNATIONALPLAYERSINVESTINGININDIANSTOCKMARKETWITHMAXIMUMNUMBEROFCOMPANIESLISTEDINTHEINDIANSTOCKEXCHANGESFROMDIFFERENTINDUSTRIESANDDIFFERENTOWNERSHIPGROUPSEGBUSINESSAFFILIATEDFIRMS,INDIANSTANDALONE,FOREIGNSTANDALONEANDWITHTHEEMPHASISONCORPORATEGOVERNANCEPRACTICES,INDIAHASBECOMEANIM
15、PORTANTANDINTERESTINGDESTINATIONFORSUCHSTUDIESAMONGTHEAVAILABLESTUDIESINTHISAREA,SAHU2002USEDASAMPLEOFCOMPANIESLISTEDINBSETOEXPLAINTHEABNORMALSTOCKRETURNSBYDIVIDENDSTABILITYANDFOUNDNOSTATICALLYSIGNIFICANTRESULTANOTHERSTUDYBYTULIANDMITTAL2001USED101INDIANFIRMSANDFOUNDPRICEEARNINGRATIOISSIGNIFICANTLYI
16、NFLUENCEDBYVARIABILITYOFMARKETPRICEANDDIVIDENDPAYOUTRATIOHOWEVER,THEAUTHORSDIDNOTFINDANYSIGNIFICANTEFFECTOFINDUSTRYANDOWNERSHIPPATTERNONPRICETOEARNINGRATIOTHISPAPERSAIMSATDETERMININGTHEFACTORSINFLUENCINGTHEPROBABILITYOFFUTUREFIRMVALUEFORINDIANCORPORATIONSAFTERCONTROLLINGFORTHEINDUSTRYANDTIMESPECIFIC
17、EFFECTSINPARTICULARTHISSTUDYATTEMPTSTOANSWERTHEFOLLOWINGQUESTIONS(1)HOWTHEPROBABILITYOFFUTUREVALUECREATIONISAFFECTEDBYFIRMSPROFITABILITY,FINANCINGPATTERNANDTHEDIVIDENDPAYOUTPOLICY(2)WHETHERTHEFIRMSBELONGINGTOBUSINESSGROUPSHAVEDIFFERENTEFFECTONPROBABILITYOFVALUECREATIONDATATHEPRIMARYSOURCEOFTHEDATAFO
18、RTHISPAPERISPROWESSDATABASE,COMPILEDBYCENTERFORMONITORINGTHEINDIANECONOMYCMIETHISDATASETISSIMILARTOTHECOMPUSTATDATABASEINUSAWEHAVESELECTEDTHEFIRMSTHATAREPRESENTLYINCLUDEDINSPCNX500INDEXTHEACCOUNTINGANDSTOCKPRICEDATAFORTHESECOMPANIESAREEXTRACTEDFORTHEYEAR198990TO200102FROMPROWESSDATASETFORTHISSTUDYSO
19、FARWEHAVEDONETHEUNIVARIATEANDBIVARIATEANALYSISINTHEPREVIOUSSECTIONTOEXAMINETHEFACTORSEFFECTINGTHEFUTUREVALUECREATIONOFTHEFIRMSLISTEDINTHEINDIANSTOCKEXCHANGEWEEXAMINETHEEFFECTOFPREVIOUSYEARSLEVERAGE,DIVIDENDANDPROFITABILITYONTHEMBVROFTHECOMPANYINAMULTIVARIATEFRAMEWORKVARIABLEDESCRIPTIONMARKETTOBOOKVA
20、LUERATIOMBVRISDEFINEDASTHERATIOOFCLOSINGPRICEOFTHEEQUITYTOBOOKVALUEOFEQUITYATTHEENDOFTHEFINANCIALYEARMBVRISTHEDEPENDENTVARIABLEFORTHEOLSREGRESSIONFORTHELOGITMODELTHEDEPENDENTVARIABLEISABINARYSERIES,WHICHTAKESTHEVALUE1IFPRICETOBOOKVALUERATIOISGREATERTHANONEIE,MARKETPERCEIVEDTHATFUTUREVALUEOFTHEFIRMIS
21、GOINGTOINCREASEANDZEROOTHERWISETHEOTHERVARIABLESOFINTERESTINCLUDETHOSEREPRESENTINGLEVERAGEPOLICY,DIVIDENDPOLICYANDPROFITABILITYTHATHAVEKEYBEARINGONTHEFIRMSFUTUREVALUECREATIONWHILETHERATIOOFTOTALAMOUNTOFLONGTERMDEBTTOTOTALAMOUNTOFEQUITYCAPITALLEVERAGEISINCLUDEDTOPROXYTHELEVERAGEPOLICYOFTHECORPORATION
22、,THERATIOOFTOTALDIVIDENDTOTOTALEARNINGOFTHEFIRMPAY_OUTISINCLUDEDTOCAPTURETHEDIVIDENDPOLICYOFTHESAMETHEPROFITABILITYOFACOMPANY,ONTHEOTHERHAND,ISCAPTUREDBYTHERATIOOFNETPROFITTONETWORTHOFTHEFIRM,WHICHISALSOKNOWNASRETURNONEQUITYROETOCONTROLFORTHESIZEOFTHEFIRMWECONSIDERTOTALASSETSASSETOFTHEFIRMASAPROXYVA
23、RIABLETOCONTROLFORTHEDIFFERENCEDARISINGDUETOTHEFIRMSBELONGINGTODIFFERENTBUSINESSGROUPSTHISPAPERCONSIDERSDIFFERENTDUMMYVARIABLESIFTHEFIRMISAMONGTHELARGENUMBEROFLISTEDCOMPANIES,THOSEINCLUDEDINSPCNX500AREOFTENCONSIDEREDFOREMPIRICALSTUDIESFORTHEIRLIQUIDNATUREANDREPRESENTATIVECHARACTERISTICSPRIVATEINDIAN
24、STANDALONETHENTHEDUMMY,D_PVT_IND,TAKETHEVALUEONEANDZEROOTHERWISEIF,ONTHEOTHERHAND,AFIRMISPRIVATEFOREIGNSTANDALONETHENTHEDUMMY,D_PVT_FOR,TAKETHEVALUEONEANDOTHERWISEZEROINDIANCOMPANIESDIFFERCONSIDERABLYACCESSTHEINDUSTRIESSOINDUSTRYDUMMIESWEREUSEDTOCONTROLFORINDUSTRYSPECIFICHETEROGENEITYSINCE1990,INDIA
25、NECONOMYHASUNDERGONESEVERALCHANGES,WHICHHAVETHEIRINFLUENCEONTHECORPORATEVALUATIONSOTIMEDUMMIESWEREALSOINCLUDEDTOCONTROLFORTHETIMETRENDALLTHENOMINALVARIABLESAREDEFLATEDBYGDPDEFLATORANDEXPRESSEDATCONSTANTPRICEOF198788INSERTTABLE1HERETABLE1DESCRIPTIVESTATISTICSMBVRISRATIOOFCLOSINGPRICEOFTHEEQUITYTOBOOK
26、VALUEOFEQUITYATTHEENDOFTHEFINANCIALYEARLEVERAGEISTHERATIOOFTOTALAMOUNTOFLONGTERMDEBTTOTOTALAMOUNTOFEQUITYCAPITALPAY_OUTISTHERATIOOFTOTALDIVIDENDTOTOTALEARNINGOFTHEFIRMRETURNONEQUITYROEISTHERATIOOFNETPROFITTONETWORTHOFTHEFIRMASSETTOTALASSETSOFTHEFIRMVARIABLEALLFIRMSLARGEFIRMSSMALLFIRMSGROUPFIRMSINDIA
27、NSTANDALONEFIRMSFOREIGNSTANDALONEFIRMSMBVRLEVERAGEDIVIDENDPAYOFF313759931726414000230029213335373057715100250028334963721441306300230029283356591973447000240030285051191247309400240026577682550319048400200023PROFITABILITYROE013803670095044901480346013303720168028301480TABLE1SHOWSTHEMEANVALUESANDTHES
28、TANDARDDEVIATIONSINPARENTHESISOFTHEVARIABLESUNDERCONSIDERATIONUNDERSIXDIFFERENTCASESNAMELY,ALLFIRMS,LARGEFIRMS,SMALLFIRMS,GROUPAFFILIATEDFIRMS,INDIANSTANDALONEFIRMSANDFOREIGNSTANDALONEFIRMSTHEDESCRIPTIVESTATISTICSREPORTEDINTABLE1SHOWSTHATTHEVALUEOFAFIRM,INTERMSOFMBVR,ISHIGHERFORTHESMALLFIRMSANDTHEFO
29、REIGNSTANDALONEFIRMSLARGEFIRMSGETMORELEVERAGETHANANYOTHERCATEGORYOFFIRMSPROFITABILITYOFTHEFIRM,INTERMSOFROE,ISHIGHERFORTHEINDIANSTANDALONECOMPANIESTABLE2SHOWSTHEPEARSONCORRELATIONCOEFFICIENTMATRIXBETWEENTHEVARIABLESOFINTERESTITSHOWSTHATMBVRHASSIGNIFICANTNEGATIVECORRELATIONWITHLEVERAGEANDSIZEOFTHEFIR
30、MANDPOSITIVECORRELATIONWITHDIVIDENDPOLICYANDPROFITABILITYOFTHEFIRMINTHEAPPENDIXFIGURE1AND4SHOWTHATWITHTHEUSHERINGOFECONOMICLIBERALIZATIONTHEREISASHARPRISEINMBVRANDROEINTHEYEAR1992,WHICHHAVEGRADUALLYDECREASEDOVERTHEYEARSFIGURE2SHOWSSINCEPOSTLIBERALIZATIONPERIOD,THELEVERAGEHASSHOWNANINCREASINGTRENDHOW
31、EVER,DIVIDENDPAYOUTPOLICYDOESNOTDEPICTANYSIGNIFICANTTRENDOVERTHISPERIODTHECOEFFICIENTOFLAGGEDVALUEOFLEVERAGEO44ANDITSSQUARETERM0007IMPLYTHATASTHELEVERAGEOFTHEFIRMINCREASES,THEPROBABILITYOFRAISEINFUTUREFIRMSVALUESDECLINESATADECREASINGRATETHENEGATIVEINFLUENCEOFLEVERAGEONTHEPROBABILITYOFFUTUREVALUECREA
32、TIONWASOBSERVEDACROSSTHEOWNERSHIPGROUPSANDSIZETHEPROFITABILITYOFTHEFIRMASAPPARENTFROMTHECOEFFICIENTOFROEINCREASESTHEPROBABILITYOFINCREASEINFUTUREVALUECREATIONPOINTTONOTEIS,THISINCREASEISHIGHERFORFOREIGNSTANDALONEFIRMSASCOMPARETOINDIANSTANDALONEORGROUPAFFILIATEDFIRMSUNLIKETHEOLSMODEL,THEDIVIDENDPAYOU
33、TDIDNOTSIGNIFICANTLYEXPLAINTHECHANCEOFFUTUREVALUECREATIONNEITHERINTHEPOOLEDMODELNORINTHESIZEANDOWNERSHIPGROUPSPECIFICREGRESSIONTHECOEFFICIENTOFPAYOUTWASSIGNIFICANTLYDIFFERENTFROMZEROAT10PERCENTLEVELRESULTTHISPAPERANALYZEDTHEACCOUNTINGFACTORTHATINFLUENCETHEPROBABILITYOFINCREASEINFUTUREMARKETVALUATION
34、OFTHEFIRMSLISTEDININDIANSTOCKEXCHANGEAFTERCONTROLLINGFORTHETIMEANDINDUSTRYSPECIFICEFFECTSTHEEMPIRICALRESULTSINDICATETHATTHEINCREASEINLEVERAGEHASANEGATIVEIMPACTONTHECHANCEOFFUTUREVALUEINCREASEOFTHEFIRMITCOULDBEBECAUSEMORERELIANCEONCREDITINCREASESTHECONFLICTOFINTERESTBETWEENSHAREHOLDERSANDCREDITORS,GI
35、VINGMORECONTROLTOTHEMANAGERS/PROMOTER,WHICHINTURNHAVEANEGATIVEINFLUENCEONTHEFUTUREVALUATIONALIKENACEURANDGOAIED2002,WEFOUNDPREVIOUSYEARSPROFITABILITYPOSITIVEINFLUENCESFUTUREFIRMSVALUE,ASINCREASEINPROFITABILITYMIGHTHAVESIGNALEDBETTERQUALITYOFSIZETHISFINDINGCOULDBEBECAUSEOFTHEFACTTHATTHEDIVIDENDPAYMEN
36、TTHEFUTUREPERMANAGEMENTHOWEVER,THEPAYOFFDIDNOTSIGNIFICANTLYINFLUENCETHEPROBABILITYOFFUTUREMBVRINCREASEINTHEPOOLEDMODELASWELLASTHEMODELSACROSSOWNERSHIPGROUPANFORMANCEVARIEDCONSIDERABLYACROSSFIRMSLISTEDININDIANSTOCKEXCHANGECONCLUSIONTHISPAPERINVESTIGATESTHEVALUECREATIONPROCESSOFTHEFIRMSLISTEDINTHEINDI
37、ANSTOCKMARKETANDTHEIRDEPENDENCEONTHEACCOUNTINGVARIABLESITUSEDANUNBALANCEDLOGITMODELANDFOUNDTHATTHEINCREASEINPROFITABILITYHASAPOSITIVEINFLUENCEONTHEPROBABILITYOFCREATINGFUTUREVALUEANDTHERELATIONISSTRONGERFORFOREIGNSTANDALONEFIRMSASCOMPAREDTOPRIVATEINDIANSTANDALONEORBUSINESSGROUPOWNEDFIRMSLEVERAGE,ONE
38、THEOTHERHAND,HASNEGATIVEIMPACTONTHECHANCESOFINCREASEINFUTUREVALUEOFTHECORPORATIONANDTHISRELATIONWASUNIFORMACROSSSIZEANDOWNERSHIPGROUPITCOULDBEBECAUSEOFTHEPOTENTIALCONFLICTOFINTERESTBETWEENTHEEQUITYHOLDERSANDTHECREDITORSTHATGOTREFLECTEDINTHESTOCKPRICESTHEDIVIDENDPAYOFFPOLICYOFTHEFIRM,HOWEVER,COULDNOT
39、SIGNIFICANTLYINFLUENCETHEPROBABILITYOFFUTUREVALUECREATIONOFTHEFIRMSLISTEDININDIANSTOCKMARKETSOURCESAURABHGHOSH,2008“DOLEVERAGE,DIVIDENDPOLICYANDPROFITABILITYINFLUENCEFUTUREVALUEOFFIRMEVIDENCEFROMINDIA”RESERVEBANKOFINDIAJULYPP13二、翻译文章译文是否杠杆、股利政策及盈利能力会影响公司未来的价值介绍随着1992年以来的经济自由化,印度股市在过去十年经历了很多变化。这些措施包括
40、引进新的交易所,大量电脑化及整合全国证券交易所电子限价指令书,建立票据交换结算公司和随后在市场上引进新的衍生产品。也许这些变化中最重要的是在1992年作为市场监管的印度证券交易委员会的成立。自从它成立以来都在为缩小印度企业与投资者的信息差距方向而努力,通过指导方针、规则章程更好的实施公司日常工作管理,并通过公司控制权活跃市场,这标志着印度金融领域新时代的到来。投资者通过参与初级和二级市场沉浸在自信之中。大量新公司在199396进入初级市场同时SPCNX500市场资本总额相比20世纪90年代有了相当大地增长。印度已渐渐浮现成为一个有着最大数量注册公司的股票市场和发展中国家的新兴经济体。在过去十年
41、中印度的金融市场公司在治理公司中得到了很大的重视。随着市场对企业控制和市场并购收购活动的开始,公司行政总裁们已经在创造公司价值方面给予了极大的重视。根据不同的公司界别(或所有权组)公司已经采取了不同的策略,以传递他们多年来的收入和增长潜力的信号,从而影响其股票价格。在此背景下,本文试图分析影响在印度股票上市的公司未来价值的因素,以及这些因素在不同类别的公司下是如何作用的。背景文献佛朗哥莫迪利亚尼和默顿米勒(1958,1963)开创了现代企业资本结构管理的新理论。这门学科的前提是完全信息和完全市场假设。即在一个完全竞争的市场中,提高公司任何代理成本、交易成本和银行成本,其平均成本与资本结构是无关
42、的。随着MM理论的发展,佛朗哥莫迪利亚尼和默顿米勒(1963)提出公司的价值是受股利政策影响的。然而,随着时间的推移,这些简化的假设和随后的许多研究表明放宽资本结构确实存在问题,并有可能发现修改后MM理论的最佳股利政策框架。在过去十年中,学术文献记载了影响发达国家公司价值的不同战略因素。拉帕波特(1981,1987)已提出企业兼并和收购创造价值的理论,并强调了企业增长速度的重要性、影响企业利润价值的因素、所得税率和固定资本投资。最近对新兴市场影响因素的分析是对企业价值的一些集中性研究。本纳克尔和格里德(2002)为研究突尼斯证券交易所价值创造过程中使用了非平衡面板数据的随机概率模型。它认为,如
43、果股票市场价值超过该公司的账面价值,则管理者成功的创造了价值,反之亦然。作者认为创造企业价值的三个主要因素是财政政策,盈利能力和分红政策。印度股票市场有着大量的国内外投资者,是世界上最发达的股票市场之一。随着印度股票交易所中来自不同行业和不同体制(如业务附属公司、国内独立公司、外国独立公司等)的上市公司和企业管治守则为重点的公司不断增加,印度已成为进行此类研究的重要地区。在这一领域的现有研究中,萨胡(2002)通过研究上市来解释股票收益率异常和稳定股息公司的关系,但没有发现重大成果。另一项来自图利和米塔尔的研究(2001)发现,通过对101个印度公司进行研究,发现市盈率的变化与股票的市场价格和
44、股息支付率有着明显的关系。虽然它们之间有影响,但是笔者在价格上并没有找到任何行业和所有制格局产生重大影响收益率。这个研究的目的是确定影响因素后,对整个行业和时间的具体影响控制印度公司未来的概率。特别是本研究试图回答下列问题(1)未来创造企业价值是否被公司的盈利能力、融资模式和股息派息政策所影响(2)公司是否属于企业集团能否取得不同的效果,对价值创造的概率是多少。数据此论文的主要数据来源是PROWESS数据库,由印度经济中心编制(CMIE)。这个数据集是类似于美国COMPUSTAT数据库。我们选择的公司是目前在SPCNX500指数包括在内的。这些公司的结算和股票价格数据,提取了PROWESS19
45、8990年度至200102年度的数据集。到目前为止,我们已经在前面的内容里做了一元和二元方程式。为了分析研究在印度证券交易所上市的公司未来创造价值的影响因素,我们研究在一个多元架构的公司的MBVR的前一年的杠杆、股利和盈利能力的影响力。变量描述市场的账面价值比率(MBVR)被定义为财政年度结束时股权价格与账面价值最后价格的比率。MBVR是为OLS回归因变量。对于因变量LOGIT模型是一个二进制序列,它的价值为1,如果价格与账面价值比率大于一(即市场认为,该公司未来价值将增加),否则为0。其他有关的因素包括代表充分利用政策,股利政策及获利能力,对公司的未来价值创造的重点轴承。虽然长期债务总额与总
46、资本金额(杠杆)是包含在公司代理的杠杆政策,但就像总的股息公司(PAY_OUT)收益率是包含股利政策是一样表现公司的盈利能力,另一方面,是捕捉到净利润比的能力,它也被称为股东权益净值回报率(ROE)。为了控制该公司的规模,我们认为总资产是作为一个代理变量而衡量企业的规模。为了控制差分,因由于公司属于不同的业务集团,所以本文认为则有不同的虚拟变量。如果公司是属于上市公司企业,这些包括在SPCNX500里的问题经常被认为是研究它的流动性和代表性特征而考虑。印度私人独立即,D_PVT_IND,取一个值,否则为0。如果,另一方面,外国私人公司是独立的,那么,D_PVT_FOR,取一个值,否则为零。印度
47、公司进入行业时的差异很大,所以行业人被用来控制特定行业的异质性。自1990年以来,印度经济已经经历了多次变化,有自己的公司估值的影响。所以时间趋势还包括以控制时间虚拟变量,以GDP平减指数平减,并以198788年的不变价格进行表示。(插入表1在这里)表1描述性统计市场账面价值比率是股权在财政年度末的以收盘价的账面价值比例。杠杆是长期债务总额的比例占总数量的股票的资本股利偿还是公司的分红。净资产收益率是净利润与股东权益的百分比资产是公司总资产变量所有公司大企业小企业集团企业印度独立公司外资独立公司市场账面价值比率杠杆股利偿还313759931726414000230029213335373057
48、715100250028334963721441306300230029283356591973447000240030285051191247309400240026577682550319048400200023净资产收益率013803670095044901480346013303720168028301480397表1显示的平均值和标准偏差(括号内)根据审议六个不同的变量(即,所有的公司,大企业,小企业,集团下属公司,印度的外国公司和独立的独立公司)不同的情况。描述性统计报告表1显示,一个公司的价值在MBVR而言,比小企业和外国企业独立更高。大公司获得比任何其他类别的公司更多的杠杆作用
49、。该公司的盈利能力的净资产收益率计算,比印度独立的公司高。表2显示了皮尔逊相关系数变量矩阵。它表明MBVR有显着的具有杠杆和公司规模,并与股利政策与企业盈利能力正相关负相关。附录中的图1和图4显示,随着经济自由化迎来有一个MBVR和净资产收益率。在1992年,已逐渐减少,多年来急剧上升的。图2显示了自由化时期后,已经显示出增加的趋势。不过,派息政策不描绘任何在此期间显着的趋势。滞后值的杠杆(O44)及其平方项(0007)系数表明,由于该公司增加杠杆作用,在未来的坚定的价值观下降提高利率的可能性在下降。杠杆对未来价值创造负面影响的概率。本公司(作为从净资产收益率系数明显)的盈利增加是在未来创造价值可能性的增加。需要注意一点的是,这一增长是对外国公司作为独立的比较印度独立或集团下属公司,并非是较高的OLS模型,派息并没有解释未来创造价值的机会。无论是在汇集模型还是在规模和所有制集团的派息具体回归系数显着异于百分之十水平。结果本文分析了在控制时间和行业的具体影响后会计要素对于印度证券交易所上市公司未来市场价值的可能影响。实证结果表明,杠杆作用的增加,对公司未来的价值增加有负面影响。这可能是因为对信贷的依赖更增加了股东和债权人之间的冲突,提供更多的控制权给出资人,这反过来又对未来估值产生负面影响。同样NACEUR和GOAIED(2002),我们发现去年的盈利