1、财务管理专业2011届本科毕业论文(设计)毕业论文(设计)任务书题目基于EVA的汽车行业上市公司绩效研究一、主要任务与目标(一)主要任务在南湖学院规定的毕业论文撰写期间内,根据师生共同商定的毕业论文选题基于EVA的汽车行业上市公司绩效研究,综合运用本科阶段所学财务管理专业知识和相关学科知识,撰写一篇具有一定的理论价值和应用价值、篇幅不少于8000字的毕业论文。(二)目标论文主要目标是在EVA理论的基础上,结合国内外专家学者的理论和实践研究成果,选择我国汽车行业的上市公司作为研究对象,运用EVA的相关原理对我国汽车行业上市公司的绩效进行了评价,并对改善我国汽车行业上市公司的绩效提出建议。二、主要
2、内容与基本要求(一)主要内容本文属于以EVA理论为基础,根据学到的财务管理知识并结合我国汽车行业上市公司的绩效评价体系而撰写的应用型论文。对促进我国汽车行业绩效管理的水平,提高我国汽车行业的绩效具有现实的意义。论文的框架是根据EVA绩效评价体系的相关理论,对我国汽车行业上市公司近三年的绩效进行分析,体现EVA的优越性,并给出具体的、切实可行的建议。论文的具体研究内容主要集中在以下四个方面(1)EVA指标的定义、计算方法及其国内外该理论的发展概述;(2)搜集汽车行业上市公司的资料,分析汽车行业上市公司绩效评价的现状;(3)搜集汽车行业上市公司的数据资料,运用EVA的相关理论对我国汽车行业上市公司
3、的绩效进行了评价;(4)结合公司绩效的相关理论,对改善我国汽车行业上市公司的绩效提出建议。本文的重点是(1)根据EVA理论对我国汽车行业上市公司的绩效进行研究分析;(2)结合公司绩效的相关理论,对改善我国汽车行业上市公司的绩效提财务管理专业2011届本科毕业论文(设计)2出建议。本文的难点和创新之处也在于此。(二)基本要求严格按照毕业论文撰写进度和计划,完成文献资料的收集、开题报告的撰写、外文文献的收集和翻译和毕业论文的撰写等项工作。开题报告应反映该课题的最新发展成果与研究动态,力求层次清晰、格式规范。外文文献应与毕业论文密切相关,外文文献译文应忠实原文、语言流畅。毕业论文应结构完整、观点鲜明
4、、论证充分、思维严密、内容充实、格式规范,力求有所创新。在阐述EVA指标的相关理论时,要全面深刻;在总结我国汽车行业上市公司绩效评价的现状时一定要根据我国汽车行业上市公司的实际情况;在运EVA指标对我国汽车行业上市公司进行绩效研究时需要一定的实证资料,如我国汽车行业上市公司披露的财务报告;在对改善我国汽车行业上市公司的绩效提出建议时,一定要切中要害,一定要有用,一定要具体,一定要有所创新,不能泛泛而谈。论文写作过程中要自始至终保持认真的态度,尊重老师,积极探讨。三、计划进度2010100820101122完成毕业论文选题2010112320110110完成文献综述、开题报告及外文翻译20110
5、11120110311完成毕业论文初稿2011031220110503毕业实习,修改论文2011050420110512毕业论文定稿四、主要参考文献1党林杰,聂规划,申学武基于层次分析法的汽车企业绩效综合评价探析汽车工业研究,20085P282陈云我国汽车行业绩效评价及发展现状分析理论与当代,20083P27303何静财务绩效评价问题研究财务绩效评价问题研究生产力研究,2010P1451464黄燕琳汽车上市公司绩效评价研经济问题,200911P60645吕苗苗,杨文杰基于EVA的煤炭行业上市企业经营绩效实证分析上海商学院学报11,2010P4649财务管理专业2011届本科毕业论文(设计)36
6、谢永辉思考EVA中国核工业,2010P38407董正军,付旋EVA考核体系在企业业绩评价中的应用初探以石油钻井工程企业为例财经论坛,20105P56588齐中英,陈楠汽车行业经营绩效评价技术经济与管理研究,20064P58599李洪,张德明,曹秀英,张学岷EVA绩效评价指标有效性的实证研究基于454家沪市上市公司2004年度的数据中国软科学,200610P15015710JOELSTERN,BENNETTSTEWARTANDDONCHEW,1995“THEEVAFINANCIALMANAGEMENTSYSTEM“JOURNALOFAPPLIEDCORPORATEFINANCE财务管理专业201
7、1届本科毕业论文(设计)4毕业论文(设计)文献综述题目基于EVA的汽车行业上市公司绩效研究一、前言部分20世纪以来,美国、英国、法国等面由于国家政一些发达国家的汽车市场逐渐趋于饱和,而在一些发展中国家,例如中国,一方策的支持,另一方面因为强大得内需和消费的双向拉动,汽车行业发展迅速。中国的汽车行业于1953年开始起步,从第一辆“解放牌载货车”到现在百花齐放的局势,经历了近六十年的艰苦创业,成果显著。2000年到2009年,汽车产量由2069万辆增加到137913万辆,汽车销量从20893万辆上升至136448万辆,中国汽车的产销量位居世界第一。EVA(即经济增加值)作为企业经济业绩的计量方法,
8、通过对资产负债表和利润表的有关科目进行调整,消除会计准则对企业经营运作的扭曲反映,并引导企业经营者从长远利益的角度,从股东的角度,从长期发展的角度去思考问题,进行决策。因此,鉴于汽车行业的盛衰对于我国国民经济的重大影响,本文采用EVA的绩效评价方法,对我国主要的几家汽车行业近三年的业绩进行分析,并指出EVA评价指标在我国应用时存在的问题,得到公司应如何站在投资者的角度使得企业价值最大化的启示。本文涉及的主要概念有(1)EVAECONOMICVALUEADDED),是由美国学者斯图尔特提出,并由美国著名的思腾思特咨询公司(STERNSTEWARTTYINGBONUSESTOEVALEDTOMUC
9、HHIGHERTHANAVERAGEINCREASESINSHAREHOLDERVALUE1977216164500100200300400500600700SITISEASYTOCALCULATEANDUNDERSTANDITHASAHIGHERCORRELATIONTOTHEMARKETVALUEOFTHEFIRMANDITALIGNSTHEGOALSOFMANAGEMENTWITHTHEINTERESTSOFTHESHAREHOLDERSEVAISSUPERIORTOCONVENTIONALMEASURESSUCHASRETURNONINVESTMENTROI,RETURNONEQUIT
10、YROE,ANDRETURNONASSETSROABECAUSETHESECALCULATIONSAREBASEDONACCOUNTINGFIGURESUSINGGENERALLYACCEPTEDACCOUNTINGPRINCIPLESGAAP,THEASSETSINTHEBALANCESHEETARECARRIEDBASEDONHISTORICALCOSTSWHILE,WITHTHEEXCEPTIONOFDEPRECIATION,REVENUESANDEXPENSESARERECOGNIZEDASEITHERAPROFITORALOSSATTHEIRCURRENTVALUEDUETOTHIS
11、INACCURACYINTHECALCULATIONOFTHEVALUEOFASSETS,THERATESOFRETURNDONOTACCURATELYDETERMINETHEACTUALRETURNONAGIVENINVESTMENTASSUCH,THERATEOFRETURNISUSUALLYLOWERINTHEFIRSTFEWYEARSANDHIGHERINTHELATTERYEARSHOWEVER,IFTHEVALUEOFTHEMIXOFASSETSISCLOSETOTHECURRENTVALUEOFTHEASSETS,THEDISTORTIONWILLNOTBEASSIGNIFICA
12、NTASWHENTHEVALUEOFTHEASSETSISFARBELOWTHECURRENTVALUEMOSTCOMPANIESRARELY财务管理专业2011届本科毕业论文(设计)31HAVETHENEEDEDASSETMIXTOMAKETHESEACCOUNTINGMEASURESACCURATETHEREFORE,THEYCANNOTBEREGARDEDASTRUEINDICATIONSOFTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHECOMPANYINSIGNIFICANCEOFEARNINGSPERSHAREANDCASHFLOWINTHESHORTTERMTOOPERATEABUSINE
13、SSUNDERTHEEVAFORMAT,ONEMUSTDISREGARDMANYOTHERVARIABLESPREVIOUSLYTHOUGHTTODETERMINETHEVALUEOFACOMPANYITISOFUTMOSTIMPORTANCETORECOGNIZETHATEVAMEASURESTOTALFACTORPRODUCTIVITYTHEREFORE,FOREVATOBESUCCESSFULLYAPPLIED,ITMUSTSUPERSEDEOTHERFINANCIALMEASUREMENTSSUCHASEARNINGSPERSHAREINDOINGSO,OTHERFINANCIALME
14、ASURESONCETHOUGHTTOBEAMONGTHEMOSTIMPORTANTWILLBESETASIDEINCREASINGEARNINGSPERSHAREEPSISATTHEFOREFRONTOFMANYEXECUTIVESTHOUGHTSANDSUBSEQUENTACTIONSHOWEVER,ITISTHISWAYOFTHINKINGTHATHASCAUSEDCORPORATEEXECUTIVESTOMAKEDECISIONSTRULYNOTINTHEBESTINTERESTOFTHECOMPANYFORTHESAKEOFARTIFICIALLYINFLATINGEPSINFACT
15、,SEVERALCORPORATEDOWNFALLSCANBEATTRIBUTEDTOVIEWINGINCREASEDEPSASAKEYFINANCIALMEASUREMENTREGARDLESSOFHOWIMPORTANTCASHFLOWIS,ITISAPOORMEASUREOFPERFORMANCEINTHESHORTTERMASMANAGEMENTINVESTSMONEYINREWARDINGPROJECTS,THEIMMEDIATEEFFECTONCASHFLOWWILLBENEGATIVE,ALTHOUGHITISINCREASINGTHEOVERALLVALUEOFTHECOMPA
16、NYTHEREFORE,CASHFLOWREGAINSSIGNIFICANCEWHENITISCONSIDEREDOVERTHELIFEOFTHEBUSINESSTHEPROPERUSEOFLEVERAGEINCREATINGVALUEFORACOMPANYUSINGTHEEVAMETHODOLOGY,FINANCIALRESTRUCTURINGWILLBECOMEAKEYISSUEONEVERYIMPORTANTASPECTOFFINANCIALRESTRUCTURINGISTHEPROPERUSAGEOFDEBTORLEVERAGEALTHOUGHITMAYSEEMTOCONTRADICT
17、COMMONSENSE,INCREASINGTHELEVERAGEOFACOMPANYACTUALLYHASSEVERALDESIRABLEEFFECTSITSAVESTAXES,CURESTHERISKOFUNPRODUCTIVELYREINVESTINGSURPLUSCASHFLOW,CREATESTHEURGENCYTOPERFORMWELL,ANDFORCESTHESALEOFUNDERPERFORMINGORUNRELATEDBUSINESSESORASSETSFINALLY,THEREARESOMEMETHODSOFFINANCIALRESTRUCTURINGTHATMAYHAVE
18、APOSITIVEIMPACTONTHEVALUEOFACOMPANYSUCHASPAYINGDIVIDENDSANDPARTIALPUBLICOFFERINGSPPO,BUTTHEYMUSTBECAREFULLYCONSIDEREDASTHEYINHERENTLYCANHAVECOSTSASSOCIATEDWITHTHEMADJUSTMENTSTOACCOUNTINGFIGURES财务管理专业2011届本科毕业论文(设计)32ALTHOUGHEVAISARELATIVELYSIMPLECONCEPTWITHANUNCOMPLICATEDEQUATION,ITOFTENBECOMESMOREC
19、ONFUSINGANDDIFFICULTTOCALCULATEASADJUSTMENTSAREMADEINACCOUNTINGFIGURESTOCALCULATEAPROXYFORECONOMICCAPITALTHEOBJECTIVESFORTHESEADJUSTMENTSARETOMEASURECAPITALATCLOSERTOCURRENTVALUE,TOINCLUDEALLINVESTMENTSTHATARETREATEDASPERIODCOSTSBYACCOUNTANTSSUCHASRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT,ANDTOBRINGEVACLOSERTOTHEREALC
20、ASHFLOWSOFTHECOMPANYAPPROXIMATELY160ADJUSTMENTSTOTHEACCOUNTINGFIGURESARERECOMMENDEDTOPRODUCEAREALISTICESTIMATEOFEVANOTONLYDOTHESEADJUSTMENTSCOMPLICATETHECALCULATIONOFEVA,BUTALSOMOSTFIRMSDONOTMAINTAINTHETYPEOFDATATHATISNEEDEDTOMAKETHEADJUSTMENTSIFITISMAINTAINED,ITISUSUALLYNOTACCESSIBLETOOUTSIDERSFORT
21、HEOCCASIONTHATINSIDERSHAVEACCESSTOTHEINFORMATION,THEYMUSTINMOSTCASESHIREACONSULTANTTOMAKETHESECOMPUTATIONSDUETOTHESEADDITIONALCOSTS,STEWARTRECOMMENDEDTHATTHEDISTORTIONSINGAAPBASEDACCOUNTINGSHOULDONLYBECORRECTEDIFTHEAMOUNTSARESIGNIFICANT,MANAGERSCANIMPACTTHEOUTCOMEOFTHEITEMBEINGADJUSTED,THEINFORMATIO
22、NREQUIREDISEASILYACCESSIBLE,ANDNONFINANCEPROFESSIONALSCANUNDERSTANDTHEMWITHTHESESTIPULATIONS,THE160ADJUSTMENTSARENARROWEDDOWNTO15ADJUSTMENTSRELATIONOFPRODUCTIVITYTOVALUEEVACANALSOBEAPPLIEDTOTHECORPORATEWORLDASAPHILOSOPHYTOIMPROVETHEPRODUCTIVITYOFAFIRMTHEPRODUCTIVITYOFAFIRMCANBEMEASUREDBYCREATIONOFWE
23、ALTHFORTHESHAREHOLDERSFORAFIRMTOINCREASEITSVALUE,ITMUSTOPERATEATOPTIMALPRODUCTIVITYOVERALONGPERIODOFTIMEFORYEARSFIRMSHAVEIMPLEMENTEDPROGRAMSANDTECHNIQUESINANATTEMPTTOINCREASEPRODUCTIVITYINPHYSICALTERMS,DISREGARDINGTHECONCEPTOFVALUETHESETECHNIQUES,THOUGHTHEYHAVEINCREASEDTHEBOTTOMLINEOFTHEFIRM,DONOTGU
24、ARANTEEANINCREASEINSHAREHOLDERWEALTHEVAASACORPORATEPHILOSOPHYEVAISACONCEPTTHATISNOTEASYTOUNDERSTANDBUTCANBEIMPLEMENTEDWITHCAREATEVERYLEVELOFANORGANIZATIONCORPORATIONSACROSSTHEGLOBE,EVENSOMESTATEOWNEDENTERPRISESINTHEUNITEDSTATES,HAVEADOPTEDEVAASACORPORATEPHILOSOPHYONEIMPORTANTADVANTAGEOFEVAISTHATITIM
25、PROVESBUSINESSLITERACYBECAUSEOFITS财务管理专业2011届本科毕业论文(设计)33SIMPLISTICCONCEPTBUSINESSLITERACYISTHEATTEMPTOFMANAGEMENTTOMAKEALLEMPLOYEESAWARETHATFORANYACTIVITYTOCREATEVALUE,THERETURNNEEDSTOEXCEEDTHECOSTOFCAPITALFORTHATPARTICULARACTIVITYITALSOTAKESINTOCONSIDERATIONTHECOSTOFCAPITAL,WHICHMANYOTHERCONVENTIO
26、NALTECHNIQUESFAILTOINCORPORATEINTOTHEIRCALCULATIONSWHATDETERMINESCOMPANYVALUEINDEALINGWITHTHETOPICOFECONOMICVALUEADDED,MANYQUESTIONSSURFACEFORWHICHTHEMOSTASTUTEPROFESSIONALSINBUSINESSCANNOTAGREETHEMOSTCOMMONOFTHESEISHOWONEISTODETERMINETHEVALUEOFACOMPANYTOBEGIN,SEVERALMYTHSTHATABOUNDINTHEMARKETAREFOL
27、LOWEDBYSOMEVALUATIONCONCEPTSIFONEWASTOASKSEVERALTOPEXECUTIVESHOWVALUEWASDETERMINEDANDSHAREPRICESSET,THEREMAYBEANSWERSUSINGTHECOMBINATIONOFSEVERALFINANCIALPERFORMANCEFACTORSSUCHASEARNINGS,GROWTHRATES,RETURNSBOOKVALUES,CASHFLOWS,DIVIDENDS,ANDTRADINGVOLUMESWITHTHISWIDEVARIETYOFANSWERS,ITISEASYTOUNDERST
28、ANDTHECONFUSIONMANYTOPMANAGERSHAVEINDETERMININGWHATINVESTORSWANTTHEREFORE,THEYCANNOTREALISTICALLYMAKEWISEBUSINESSDECISIONSTHATWILLMAXIMIZESHAREHOLDERWEALTHTHEULTIMATEGOALINBUSINESSSTEWART,1991IN1993,FORTUNEMAGAZINENAMEDEVATHEREALKEYTOCREATINGWEALTHINITSCOVERARTICLESTEWART,2002AEARNINGSOREARNINGSPERS
29、HAREONEAREAOFCONTROVERSYISDETERMININGWHETHEREARNINGSORCASHFLOWSDETERMINESTOCKPRICESTOCALCULATESHAREPRICES,ONEMAYUSEEARNINGSPERSHAREEPSANDTHEPRICE/EARNINGSMULTIPLEP/ETHISMETHODISPARTICULARLYAPPEALINGBECAUSEITISSOSIMPLEHOWEVER,ITISTHEVERYSIMPLICITYTHATMAKESITANUNRELIABLEMEASUREOFVALUETHEACCOUNTINGMODE
30、LASSERTSTHATWALLSTREETDETERMINESSHAREPRICESBYMULTIPLYINGEPSBYANAPPROPRIATEP/EIFTHISWERETHECASE,ACOMPANYWITHEPSOF050ANDAP/EOF5,WOULDSELLAT250THEMAJORFAULTWITHTHISMETHODISTHATITASSUMESTHATTHEP/EREMAINSSTATICINREALITY,P/ECHANGESFREQUENTLYWITHACQUISITIONS,NEWINVESTMENTOPPORTUNITIES,ANDWITHCHANGESINFINAN
31、CIALSTRUCTUREANDACCOUNTINGPOLICIESTHEREFORE,EPSDONOTPROVIDEARELIABLEMEASUREOFVALUEINCONTRAST,THEECONOMICMODELASSUMESSHAREPRICESARETHERESULTOF财务管理专业2011届本科毕业论文(设计)34EVALUATIONSOFFUTURECASHFLOWSANDTHERISKOFTHECASHRECEIPTSOFABUSINESSBYSOPHISTICATEDINVESTORSINMANYFIRMS,CASHFLOWANDEARNINGSRISEANDFALLSIMU
32、LTANEOUSLY,SOITISDIFFICULTTODETERMINEWHICHFACTORISTHEPRIMARYCAUSEFORTHERESULTINGSTOCKPRICESTUDIESHAVEBEENCONDUCTEDTOFINDTHEEVENTS,WHICHCAUSECASHFLOWANDEARNINGSTODEPARTINAPARTICULARCOMPANYTHESESTUDIESCONCLUDETHATFUTURECASHFLOWSAREMOREIMPORTANTINTHECALCULATIONOFSHAREPRICESTHANEARNINGSINVESTORSCAREMORE
33、ABOUTCASHTHANACOMPANYSREPORTEDEARNINGSMANYCOMPANIESINFLATETHEIRSALESTOSHOWHIGHEREARNINGSFORTHEBENEFITOFTHEINVESTORIFANINVESTORISTOINVESTWISELY,HEWILLIGNORETHEEARNINGSANDLOOKATTHECOMPANYSFUTURECASHFLOWSTOBEPRODUCEDDURINGTHEBUSINESSEXISTENCEECONOMICMODELVSACCOUNTINGMODELTHEMOSTIMPORTANTDIFFERENCEBETWE
34、ENTHETWOMODELSISTHATTHEACCOUNTINGMODELRELIESONTHEBALANCESHEETANDINCOMESTATEMENTWHILETHEECONOMICMODELRELIESONUSESOFCASHANDITSSOURCETHISBECOMESSIGNIFICANTWHENACOMPANYCHOOSESFROMAVARIETYOFACCOUNTINGMETHODSUSINGTHEACCOUNTINGMODEL,ITMAKESABIGDIFFERENCEWHETHERACASHOUTLAYISEXPENSEDONTHEINCOMESTATEMENTORCAP
35、ITALIZEDONTHEBALANCESHEETBECAUSEEARNINGSARETHEDRIVINGFORCEUSINGTHEECONOMICMODEL,ITONLYMATTERSWHERETHECASHOUTLAYISRECORDEDWHENITAFFECTSTAXESULTIMATELY,EARNINGSAREAFFECTEDBYTHEACCOUNTINGPROCEDURESACOMPANYUSES,SUCHASCHOOSINGANINVENTORYCOSTINGMETHOD,AMORTIZINGGOODWILL,ACCOUNTINGFORRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT
36、,ANDDETERMININGBOOKVALUEACCOUNTINGMETHODLIFOVSFIFOCOMPANIESMUSTCHOOSEANINVENTORYCOSTINGMETHOD,WHETHERITISLASTIN,FIRSTOUTLIFOORFIRSTIN,FIRSTOUTFIFOEACHMETHODPRODUCESADIFFERENTOUTCOMEDURINGTIMESOFRISINGPRICES,ASHIFTFROMFIFOTOLIFOWILLREDUCEACOMPANYSEARNINGSWHILEALLOWINGTHEACCUMULATIONOFMORECASHTHISHAPP
37、ENSBECAUSETHENEWESTANDMOSTEXPENSIVEINVENTORYISEXPENSEDFIRSTTHISALLOWSFORATAXSAVINGS,WHICHINCREASESTHEAMOUNTCASHREMAININGSHYAMSUNDERCONDUCTEDASTUDYTHATREVEALEDSHAREPRICESINCREASED5THEVERYDAYACOMPANYANNOUNCEDITSINTENTTO财务管理专业2011届本科毕业论文(设计)35CHANGEFROMFIFOTOLIFOFURTHERRESEARCHWASCONDUCTEDWHICHFOUNDTHA
38、TSHAREPRICEGROWTHISDIRECTLYPROPORTIONATETOTHEPRESENTVALUEPVOFTHETAXSAVINGSTHATWOULDRESULTFROMIMPLEMENTINGTHECHANGEAMORTIZATIONOFGOODWILLTHEWAYACOMPANYAMORTIZESGOODWILLALSOHASANIMPACTONEARNINGSUSINGTHEPURCHASEMETHODTOACCOUNTFORANACQUISITION,THEBUYERAMORTIZESANYAMOUNTPAIDFORTHEASSETINEXCESSOFTHEFAIRMA
39、RKETINTHEACCOUNTINGMODEL,THISMATTERSBECAUSEITREDUCESEARNINGS,BUTITDOESNOTMATTERUSINGTHEECONOMICMODELBECAUSETHEAMORTIZATIONOFGOODWILLHASNOEFFECTONCASHBECAUSEITISANONTAXDEDUCTIBLE,NONCASHEXPENSEANOTHERMETHODISPOOLINGOFINTERESTSACCOUNTINGINWHICHBUYERSAREABLETOADDTHEBOOKVALUEBVOFANASSETTHEYACQUIREDIRECT
40、LYTOTHEIROWNBVWITHOUTHAVINGTORECORDORAMORTIZEANYGOODWILLTHISMAKESROEANDREPORTEDEARNINGSHIGHERINCOMPARISONTOUSINGTHEPURCHASEACCOUNTINGMETHODPOOLINGTRANSACTIONSOFTENARERULEDOUTBECAUSEEITHERTHESELLERWILLONLYACCEPTCASH,ORTHEBUYERISNOTWILLINGTOISSUETHEEQUITYMANYPROFITABLETRANSACTIONSARENOTPURSUEDBECAUSET
41、HEYMUSTBERECORDEDUNDERTHEPURCHASEACCOUNTINGMETHODNUMEROUSSTUDIESHAVEBEENCONDUCTEDTODETERMINEIFTHEREISADIFFERENCEINTHESTOCKPRICEOFCOMPANIESTHATMAKEACQUISITIONSUSINGTHEPURCHASEORPOOLINGMETHODONESUCHSTUDYPERFORMEDBYHAIHONG,GERSHONMANDELKER,ANDROBERTKAPLANDETERMINEDTHATACCOUNTINGENTRIESTHATDONOTHAVEANEF
42、FECTONCASHDONOTAFFECTTHEVALUEOFTHECOMPANYTHEYSAMPLEDALARGENUMBEROFCOMPANIESINTHE1960STHATMADEACQUISITIONSUSINGBOTHMETHODSIFINCREASEDEARNINGSDIDAFFECTVALUE,ONEWOULDEXPECTTHESTOCKPRICESOFCOMPANIESUSINGTHEPURCHASEMETHODTOUNDERPERFORMINRELATIONTOCOMPANIESUSINGTHEPOOLINGMETHODHOWEVER,NOSIGNIFICANTDIFFERE
43、NCEWASFOUNDTHEREFORE,THEACCOUNTINGMETHODFORRECORDINGTHETRANSACTIONHASNOIMPACTONVALUERATHER,ITISAMOUNTOFCASHSPENTTOMAKETHEDEALHAPPENRELATIVETOTHEEXPECTEDFUTURECASHFLOWTHATMAKESTHEDIFFERENCEEARNINGSREFLECTACOMPANYSSHAREPRICEBYTHESAMEDEGREETHATEARNINGSREFLECTCASHACCOUNTINGFORRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTANOTH
44、ERPROBLEMARISESINCOMPANIESTHATSPENDASIGNIFICANTAMOUNTONRESEARCH财务管理专业2011届本科毕业论文(设计)36ANDDEVELOPMENTRPROMOTEENTERPRISESREFORMANDENTERPRISESLONGTERMDEVELOPMENTKEYWORDSAUTOMOBILEINDUSTRYCORPORATEPERFORMANCEEVA财务管理专业2011届本科毕业论文(设计)目录一、引言1二、EVA指标简述1(一)EVA的概念1(二)EVA的计算公式2(三)EVA有关项目的调整原则3三、我国汽车行业上市公司的绩效评价
45、的现状3(一)我国汽车行业的发展现状3(二)我国汽车行业的绩效评价现状5四、EVA在汽车行业绩效评价中的应用7(一)数据来源7(二)数据计算8(三)数据分析10(四)如何提高EVA绩效评价结果的启示14五、对于汽车行业运用EVA进行绩效评价提出的建议15六、结论16参考文献17致谢19附录20财务管理专业2011届本科毕业论文(设计)1一、引言中国的汽车行业于1953年开始起步,从第一辆“解放牌载货车”到现在百花齐放的局势,经历了近六十年的艰苦创业,成果显著。20世纪以来,美国、英国、法国等一些发达国家的汽车市场逐渐趋于饱和,而在一些发展中国家,例如中国,一方面因为政策的支持,另一方面由于强大
46、的内需和消费的双向拉动,汽车行业发展迅速。2000年到2009年,我国汽车年产量由2069万辆增加到137913万辆,汽车年销量从20893万辆上升至136448万辆,中国汽车的年产销量从2009年起便已超越美国,位居世界第一。对汽车行业上市公司进行绩效分析,体现了汽车行业在一定时期内投入和产出的情况。绩效评价结果的好坏可以直观地探究出该企业在运营过程中管理上的亮点和存在的不足,使企业经营者和股东对企业某月、某季度、某年的生产经营状况有一个更直观、更系统的整体把握,有助于企业长期健康地发展。EVA(即经济增加值)作为一种企业经济业绩的计量方法,通过对资产负债表和利润表的有关科目进行调整,消除了
47、会计准则对企业经营运作的扭曲反映,并引导企业经营者从长远利益的角度,从长期发展的角度,从股东的角度去思考问题,进行决策。EVA在绩效评价中的种种优点引发了笔者的思考。是否能将这种先进的绩效评价指标运用于我国汽车行业上市公司的绩效评价中去笔者选取了我国21家汽车行业上市公司,将其近三年的业绩进行计算、分析,试图指出EVA评价指标在我国应用时存在的问题,并得到公司应如何站在投资者的角度使得企业价值最大化的启示。二、EVA指标简述(一)EVA的概念EVA(ECONOMICVALUEADDED)即经济增加值,源于诺贝尔奖获得者默顿米勒(MERTONMILLER)和弗兰科莫迪利亚尼(FRANCOMODI
48、GLIANI)关于公司价值的模型。它是指上市公司在扣除了投资者的机会成本后所创造的价值。它是斯特恩斯图尔特管理咨询公司于1982年首先发明并申请版权对剩余收益进行了诸多改进之后而得到的一个经济利润指标。简单地说,EVA等于公司税后净营业利润减去全部资本成本后的净值。这财务管理专业2011届本科毕业论文(设计)2里所指的资本成本不仅包括债务资本成本,而且包括股本资本成本。这也是EVA绩效评价方法与传统的绩效评价方法最大的差别所在。当公司的税后净营业利润超过资本成本时,EVA值为正,表明公司的经营收入在扣除所有成本和费用后仍然有剩余,这部分剩余收入的所有权是属于股东的,是企业真正创造的财富。反之,
49、当EVA值为负,说明公司经营所得不足以弥补包括股本资本成本在内的全部成本和费用,企业的经营活动不是在创造财富,而是在耗用自己的资产。因为考虑了股本资本成本,某些在会计报表上体现为盈利的公司的EVA可能为负值,说明其投资报酬率低于该项投资的资本成本。所以,EVA的绩效评价结果更加接近企业的真实的绩效水平。(二)EVA的计算公式1、EVA指标体系EVA指标体系包括三个基本指标经济附加值(EVA),单位资本经济附加值(EVAPC),每股经济附加值(EVAPS)。EVAPCEVA/资本总额EVAPSEVA/普通股股数2、EVA的计算模型EVA是一定时期的企业(或企业的业务部门)资本收益与投资成本的差额。用公式表示为EVANOPATNAWACC即经济增加值税后净营业利润资本总额加权平均资本成本率其中税后净营业利润(NOPAT)主营业务收入销售折扣和转让营业税金及附加主营业务成本其他业务利润当年计提的坏账准备后进先出法下的存货增加商誉的摊销管理费用现金营业说销售费用其他营业收入投资收益EVA税收调整长期应付款、其他长期负债和住房公积金所含利息资本总额NA调整后的债务资本调整后的股权资本调整后的债务资本短期借款长期借款一年内到期的长期负债调整后的股权资本股东权益合计少数股东权益各种准备金(坏账准备、张扬,孙文军EVA绩效评价体系应用探讨现代商贸工业,2009(8)P91