1、外文翻译 原文 Study on Export credit Insurances Role in Protecting China against Financial Crisis and its Developing Counter policy Material Source: 2010 International Conference on Financial Author:Tommy owen AbstractChinas export credit insurance started late, the role of play is still relatively limite
2、d. But with the words increasingly fierce competition in export trade credit insurance to promote Chinese export trade will be more and more obvious. In the future development, we should combined with Chinas actual situations and learn from the experience of developed countries in order to future pr
3、omote the sound development of Chinas export credit insurance and to make it better for the countrys export trade policy and export business service Keywords- Export credit insurance, financial crisis, counter policy Export Credit Insurance (ECI) is a special export-promotion policy established by a
4、 government in order to guarantee the remittance collection of export enterprises. It takes foreign buyer credit risk as its insurance subject, the insurer is mainly responsible for the loss caused by the commercial risks which the export enterprises will face included the buyer insolvency, default
5、payment or reject the goods and other commercial risks, and by the political risk of the buyers country. After Chinas reform and opening up, in the 1980s,as the letter of credit was being used in more than 85% of export trade, export credit risk does not get enough attention. After 1990s,with increa
6、sing export competition, exporters ,in order to provide importers more favorable terms of trade, letters of credit was only used in 20% of the conditions. In this situation, the buyer risk is increasing ,so the management of the export exchange credit risk is necessary. In 2008,after the internation
7、al financial crisis caused by the American loan crisis, with the setback of the real economy in Chinas main export trading partners. Chinas export trade was under attack. The credit risk and the Foreign exchange settlement risk which confronted Chinas export enterprises were rising. When facing the
8、Foreign exchange settlement risk brought by the financial crisis, some exporters take the lead in the use of internationally accepted“ export credit insurance” to avoid the risk in foreign trade, the important role of Chinas export credit insurance has become increasing prominent. Chinas export cred
9、it insurance is not only effective in protecting the interests of export enterprises exchange earnings. But also strengthen risk management ability and crises defending ability of Chinas export enterprises ,and greatly enhance the brand of Chinese enterprises and Chinas international competitiveness
10、. Although Chinas export credit insurance performed well in response to the financial crisis ,compared with other countries it still lags far behind. At present, export credit insurance penetration rate in Western Europe is 20%-25% or even 34% in France. But at the end of 2008,Chinas export credit i
11、nsurance coverage on the general trade exports was less than 7%;the coverage on the total diameter of trade exports was only 3.2%,only less than 3% of total export enterprises participated in the export credit insurance. All of these were against the rapid annual growth of Chinas foreign trade. Ther
12、efore, to systematically study the role export credit insurance played in response to financial crisis, to analyze the problems of Chinas export credit insurance at this stage, and to table proposals to promote the development of Chinas export credit insurance has important theoretical and practical
13、 significance. This article issues the function of Chinas export credit insurance in protecting China against financial crisis and its developing countermeasures on the basis of related reference documentation. Firstly， the significance of topic selection and the papers framework then outlines the d
14、evelopment of domestic and foreign export credit insurance theory and related research results. The second is the introduction of export credit insurance. Based on the brief introduction of the concepts, classification, origin and development of export credit insurance, this part then analyzes in de
15、tails its characteristics, function ad well as its national management mode and its advantages and disadvantages. The main features of export credit insurance are its non profitability, high risk management requirements and high degree of governments participation. The function of export credit insu
16、rance is to guarantee the remittance collection of export enterprise export enterprise, to help enterprises choose flexible settlement, to support cooperate finance and to help enterprises to obtain buyers information, etc. The third need to deals with the role which Chinas export credit insurance p
17、layed against the financial crisis. Firstly gives a brief introduction of the evolution of the financial crisis, and then analyzes its causes. Second by comparing the data, the chapter explains the negative impact of the financial crisis on Chinese exports. Finally, this chapter concludes a comprehe
18、nsive summary of the role Chinas export credit insurance played against the financial crisis, based on the theory and case studies. That is to say China export credit insurance responded positively to the needs of enterprises protecting their interest, expanded the financing channels, enhanced the r
19、isk analysis providing a reference for the export enterprises, and increased Involved Industries of support reducing the loss of enterprises. This will not only expand the scale of the enterprises international trade, but will also promote the national “going out” strategy to enhance the confidence
20、and ability to invest overseas and to withstand risks, which will greatly enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises and Chinese brands. The fourth is the problems in the development of Chinas export credit insurance and the countermeasures and suggestions. Firstly introduces t
21、he development of Chinas export credit insurance and the main achievements of the development of the process, and point out its current problems. First one is lack of financial support which limits the expansion of its size. Second one is lack of legal system, the nature, powers, duties commitment o
22、f export credit insurance agency services, high rate, long approval cycles, and weak country risk evaluation capacity. Fourth one is insufficient broadcasting,so that exporters are lack of consciousness for insuring. The end of chapter puts forward suggestions on how to develop Chinas export credit
23、insurance fast and healthily on three level included the level of government, the level of Export credit insurance agencies and the level of insurance companies, aiming at the problems mentioned above. First, from the government level, the government should increase financial support for export cred
24、it insurance, and improve its legal regulatory should improve their service quality, expand insurance coverage, specifically reduce export credit insurance, and make full play to the financing functions of export credit insurance. Finally, from export enterprise level, they should raise awareness of
25、 the credit risks, attach importance, and strengthen the risk management to reduce the probability that a risk will materialize. 译文 研究出口信用保险在应对金融危机中的作用和对策 资料来源 : 2010国际金融会议 出口信用险在中国应对金融危机中 的作用 作者： Tommy owen 摘要： 中国出口信用保险起步较晚，发挥的作用还比较有限。但是，随着世界贸易 的日益激烈的竞争，出口贸易信用保险 对 促进中国出口贸易 作用 将越来越明显。在今后的发展，我们应该结合中国
26、的实际情况，从发达国家的经验学习， 来 促进中国 未来 的出口信用保险的健康发展，并使其 为 国家的出口贸易政策和出口业务 提供 更好的服务。 关键词：出口信用保险，金融危机，财政政策 出 口信用保险（ ECI）是一种特殊的由政府设立的 为了促进出口， 以保证出 口企业的汇款集合 的 政策。它需要国外买方为保险标的 物 的信用风险，保险人主要是由将面临包括买方破产，拖欠补偿或拒收货物 的 出口企业和其他商业风险 以及 商业风险造成的损失负责，并通过政治风险的 买方 国家。 中国的改革开放之后，在 20世纪 80年代， 有 超过 85出口贸易 的运用信用证 ，出口信用风险没有 被出口企业 得到足
27、够的重视 。 90年代后，随着出口竞争，出口商为了提供更优惠的进口贸易条件，只用 20 的出口企业运用信用证条件下。在这种情况下，买方的风险正在 不断 增加，所以对出口收汇的信用风险管理是必要的。 2008年，国际金融危机后 ，由美国次贷危机造成的实体经济在中国的主要贸易伙伴的出口受挫。中国的出口 企业的 贸易受到攻击 ， 信用风险，外汇结算风险正在增加。 面对受金融危机带来的外汇结算风险，有些出口商率先 使用 在国际公认的出口信用保险，以避免在国外贸易风险， 从而 中国的出口信用保险的重要作用已变得日益突出。中国出口信用保险不仅是保护出口企业的收汇利益的有效 ，也加强风险管理和危机的能力捍卫
28、中国的出口企业的能力，并大大提高中国企业的品牌和中国的国际竞争力。 虽然中国的出口信用保险表现良好，在应对金融危机相比，它仍然远远落后于其他国家。目前，出口信用保险在西欧的普及率为 20 -25，在法国甚至 34但在 2008年底，中国的出口信 用险 在一般贸易出口保险覆盖面不足 7，而对贸易出口总直径覆盖率仅为 3.2，只有不到 3出口总额的企业参加了出口信用保险。所有这些都对中国快速的外贸 不相适合 。因此，要系统学习的出口信用保险在应对发挥到金融危机 的作用 ，分析在这个阶段，中国的出口信用保险的问题，并表建议，以促进中国的出口信用保险的发展具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。 本文分为 四个
29、章节，在保护国家防范金融危机及其对发展的相关参考文件的基础上对中国的对策中国出口信用保险的功能。 首先是 选题意义和框架，然后概述了国内和国外的出口信用保险的理论和相关研究成果的发展 。第二是 对出口信用保险的引入。对概念，分类，来源和出口信用保险发展情况的简要介绍的基础上，然后分析了其特点，功能以及其国家的广告管理模式，它的优点和缺点。出口信用保险的主要特点是其不盈利能力，高风险的管理要求和政府的高度参与。 第三 出口信用保险的功能是保证出口企业出口企业汇款的收集，以帮助企业选择灵活的结算，融资支持和合作，帮助 企业获得买家的资料等作用，这与中国的出口信用保险应对金融危机中发挥讨论。首先给出
30、了金融危机演变简要介绍，然后分析了其原因。其次，通过比较数据，介绍了中国的出口在金融危机的负面影响。最后总结了中国的作用的发挥出口信用保险应对金融危机，立足于理论和案例研究的全面总结。这就是说中国出口信用保险积极回应他们的利益保护企业的需求，扩大了融资渠道，提高了风险分析为出口企业提供参考，并增加涉及减少企业损失的产业。这不但扩大了企业的国际贸易规模，而且将促进国家 “走出去 “战略，以增强信心，有能力到海外投资和抵御风险，这将大大 提高中国企业和中国的国际竞争力品牌 。 第四是对中国的出口信用保险的对策和建议发展问题。本章首先介绍了中国的保险和出口信贷的进程发展的主要成就，并指出其目前存在的
31、问题点的发展。首先就是资金支持，限制其规模扩张的不足。二是法律制度的性质，权力，职责的出口信用保险代理业务，高速率，审批周期长的承诺，弱国的风险评估能力不足。第四章是对中国的出口信用保险的对策和建议发展问题。第四个是不够的广播，使出口商提供保险的意识不足。 笔者 提出了如何发展中国的出口信用保险快速，健康的三个层面包括政府层面，水平的建议 。 出口信用保险机构 和保险公司的水平，在上述问题为目标。 首先，从政府层面，政府应加大对出口信用保险的财政支持，并提高其法律监管要提高服务质量，扩大保险覆盖面，特别是减少出口信用保险，充分发挥出口信贷的融资功能保险。最后，从出口企业的水平，他们应该提高对信贷风险的认识，重视和加强风险管理，以减少风险的概率是一定会实现。
