1、 原文 Fostering E-Commerce Among Australian SMEs Material Source: IT Professional Vol. 5 Sept.-Oct. 2003 ， IEEE Computer Society Author: Jianming Yong and Yun Yang Increasing e-commerce benefits To increase e-commerce benefits for SMEs, governments federal, state, and local should implement an overall
2、 framework and strategic plan for online business infrastructure. They should also sponsor various independent agents to help SMEs develop and host their own Web sites. For example, governments can subsidize agents such as City search and yellow page listings. Through these agents, SMEs can obtain i
3、nexpensive or even free Web sites. This idea is similar to that employed in developing the Internet, which depended on funding from the US Department of Defense and the US National Science Foundation, before it became fully commercialized. After most SMEs become effective online players, governments
4、 can gradually withdraw subsidies. At that time, the ongoing cost of online transactions will drop significantly because of the many participants. Nonparticipating SMEs will become isolated from other e-commerce players and perhaps become more willing to invest in e-commerce as a result. In addition
5、, SMEs must overcome the psychological barriers generated by the dot-com crashes. They must come to realize that many significant inventions have taken significant time to progress from birth to widespread use. For example, electricity and the telephone were invented hundreds of years ago, but only
6、in recent decades have experienced worldwide use. Although the Internet started as Arpanet in 1969, it only became widely used in the mid1990s. Establishing a security mechanism Placing a high priority on e-commerce security legislation is another way for government to foster e-commerce. Helpful leg
7、islation could reassure SMEs that conducting business online is as safe as doing it the traditional way. Governments should also help establish organizations to take charge of these security issues. For example, organizations should manage cryptological keys. They should also give organizations such
8、 as the Australian post office the authority to publish keys and authenticate the real identity of those using its key to conduct business transactions. Users already conduct many Web-based transactions. All the security breaches related to online transactions are no worse than for traditional e-com
9、merce, such as that driven by EDI or performed using electronic funds transfer from a point of sale. Various security technologies ensure secure transactions through the Internet. Most of these security technologies already use 128-bits or larger encryption keys. At this level of encryption, it is e
10、xtremely difficult to crack encrypted information. If the government would publicize this information, it would perhaps allay the security concerns of SMEs. Managing the telecommunications infrastructure Telecommunications facilities are the most important parts of e-commerce. Hence, the evolution o
11、f telecommunications can drive changes in e-commerce. With any rapid progress in telecommunications, e-commerce upgrades into new phases. In the initial stage of e-commerce, enterprises used limited telecommunication capacity to conduct business. Telephone voice transmission was adequate to monitor
12、business activities; faxing became a way to order goods, accelerating certain business transactions. Although several standards arose to facilitate e-commerce, none were completely satisfactory. For example, EDI is historically an important application in e-commerce, but most SMEs could not afford i
13、ts cost and technical complexity. Improving employees skills The success of e-commerce does depend on employees having adequate computer skills, something SME employees sometimes lack. To alleviate this problem, SMEs might employ intelligent terminals rather than PCs. Such devices offer simple inter
14、faces that work with plug-and-play applications; they work well for employees who are not computer savvy. 译文 促进澳大利亚中小企业 的 电子商务 发展 资料来源： IT Professional Vol. 5 Sept.-Oct. 2003 ， IEEE Computer Society 作者： Jianming Yong， Yun Yang 为了增加电子商务的好处，中小型企业 , 政府应该实施一个整体框架和战略计划为网上企业提供基础设施。他们应该主办各种各样的独立代理帮助中小型企业开发
15、和管理他们自己的网站。例如 , 政府可能给代理津贴譬如城市搜索和黄页目录。通过这些代理 , 中小型企业可能获得低廉甚至免费的网站。这个想法与开发互联网是相似 , 在它成为了充分地商业化之前，取决于资金来源的美国国防部和美国国家科学基金会 ,。在多数中小型企业拥有适合有效的网站之后 , 政府可能逐渐减少补贴。那时 , 由于有许多参加者，网上交易的费用将大大下降。不参加电子商务的中小型企业将与其它电子商务应用企业隔绝，因此变的更加愿意投资电子商务。 另外 , 中小型企业必须克服由小点击量引起心理障碍。他们必须逐渐意识到 , 许多重大发明从诞生到普遍应用需要许多的时间。 1969 年虽然互联网开始作
16、为Arpa 网 , 它直到 90 年代中期成才广泛使用。 建立安全机制 政府的另一个工作重点是建立一个关于电子商务安全的法律体系，来促进电子商务发展。立法可以保障中小企业开展网上业务与传统交易方式一样安全。政府应该帮助建立组织并负责这些安全问题。例如 , 组织应该管理密码钥匙。他们应该给予如澳大利亚邮局当局监督钥匙和对钥匙使用者真实身分验证。 用户已经开始进行网上交易。所有有关安全漏洞与网上交易不比传统电子商务少 , 譬如通过电子数据交换或一个销售点进行电子转账。各种各样的安全技术保证互联网交易的安全。这些安全技术大多数已经使用 128 位或更大的密钥。在这个级别的加密 , 这 是非常难以破解
17、的加密信息。如果政府会公开这信息 , 它或许会缓和中小型企业安全问题。 处理电信设施 电信设施是电子商务的最重要的部份。因此 , 电信的发展可以推动电子商务的发展。在电信以任何迅速进展 , 电子商务升级入新阶段。在电子商务最初的阶段 , 企业使用了有限的电信容量做生意。电话语音传输已足以监测业务活动 ; 电传成为了定购物品方式 , 加速的某些经济业务。虽然几个标准出现促进电子商务 ,但没有一个完全令人满意的。 例如 ,电子数据交换是历史上在电子商务是一种重要应用 , 但多数中小型企业无法承受其成本和技术 复杂性。 电子商务的成功并不取决于雇员有足够计算机技能 ,但这些中小型企业的雇员有时缺乏这种技能。为了缓和这个问题 , 中小型企业应该使用智能终端而不是个人计算机。这样设备提供插座和播放应用的简单的接口；它们能为并不精通计算机的雇员提供很好的运作环境。
