1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文COMPUTERSANDMANUFACTURINGMANAGEMENTINTRODUCTIONINANYMANUFACTURINGORGANISATIONTHEDUTYOFTHEMANUFACTURINGMANAGERISMAINLYCONCERNEDWITHMAKINGDECISIONSREGARDINGTHERUNNINGOFTHEMANUFACTURINGPLANTEVERYDAYHEHASTOFACEASEEMINGLYENDLESSLISTOFDECISIONSRANGINGFROMTHETRIVIALTOTHECRUCIAL,WHICH,IFDEAL
2、TWITHPROPERLY,CANHAVESIGNIFICANTBENEFICIALEFFECTSONTHEPRODUCTIVITYANDWELLBEINGOFTHEORGANISATIONTOBEABLETOMAKEEFFECTIVEDECISIONS,THEMANAGERHASTORELYONSOMEACCURATEANDTIMELYINFORMATIONEXTRACTEDFROMAWEALTHOFDATAGENERATEDFROMVARIOUSSOURCESHOWEVER,THESHEERVOLUMEOFTHEDATATHATHASTOBECOLLECTED,COLLATEDANDCOM
3、PILED,INSOMECONVENIENTANDINFORMATIVEFORMATS,POSESAMAJORPROBLEMTOTHEMANAGERTHETRADITIONALMETHODOFCOLLECTINGANDMANIPULATINGDATABYHUMANBEINGSHASSUFFEREDTHEFOLLOWINGDISADVANTAGES1ITISSLOWBECAUSEOFTHELENGTHYANDTEDIOUSOPERATIONSINVOLVED2THEINFORMATIONCOMPILEDMAYNOTBEVERYACCURATEBECAUSEPEOPLETENDTOMAKEMIST
4、AKESINHANDLINGLABORIOUSANDMONOTONOUSJOBS3ITISEXPENSIVEOWINGTOTHEHIGHLABOURCOST,AND4THEAMOUNTOFDATATHATCANBEMANIPULATEDISLIMITEDBYTHECAPABILITIES,BOTHPHYSICALANDMENTAL,OFTHEPERSONINVOLVEDHAPPILY,WITHTHEADVENTOFTHEDIGITALCOMPUTERTHESEDIFFICULTIESCANNOWBEEASILYOVERCOMEOVERTHEYEARS,THECOMPUTERHASGRADUAL
5、LYEMERGEDASAPOWERFULTOOLAVAILABLETOMANAGERSTOSOLVEAWIDERANGEOFCOMPLEXMANAGEMENTDECISIONMAKINGPROBLEMSTHENEWGENERATIONOFCOMPUTERSAREEQUIPPEDWITHFASTPROCESSORSTHATCANMANIPULATEDATAATGREATSPEEDANDACCURACYTHEYALSOHAVEMAMMOTHMEMORYSPACETHATCANSTOREANDHANDLEVOLUMINOUSAMOUNTSOFINFORMATIONWITHHIGHEFFICIENCY
6、THECOMBINEDPOWEROFHIGHSPEEDANDLARGESTORAGEOFTHEMODERNCOMPUTERMAKESITANIDEALTOOLFORPROVIDINGTHEBASICINFORMATIONTHATWILLASSISTMANAGERSINMAKINGDECISIONSSOMEOFTHECOMMONUSESOFTHECOMPUTERASAMANAGEMENTTOOLARE1DATACOLLECTIONANDANALYSIS2INFORMATIONMANAGEMENTINFORMATIONRECORDING,UPDATINGANDPURGING3MATHEMATICA
7、LLOGICALMANIPULATIONOFDATA,AND4PROVISIONOFADATABASETOSUPPORTTHEMANAGEMENTINFORMATIONSYSTEMCOMPUTERSANDMANUFACTURINGAPOTENTIALUSEOFTHECOMPUTERISINTHEAREAOFMANUFACTURINGITISBECAUSETHECOMPLEXITYINVOLVEDINMANAGINGAMODERNMANUFACTURINGPLANTISBEYONDTHEABILITYOFTHEHUMANBRAINTOCONSIDERTHEEFFECTS,BOTHDIRECTAN
8、DINDIRECT,OFALLRELEVANTFACTORSWHICHNEEDTOBETAKENINTOACCOUNTIFEFFECTIVEDECISIONSARETOBEMADETHEABILITYOFTHECOMPUTERTOHANDLEVASTAMOUNTSOFDATASPEEDILYANDACCURATELYCANBERELIEDUPONTOTRANSFORMTHERAWDATAINTOUSEFULINFORMATION,INVARIOUSAPPROPRIATEFORMS,SUCHASREPORTS,CHARTS,GRAPHS,DRAWINGSANDSOON,WHICHWILLGREA
9、TLYIMPROVETHEQUALITYOFTHEDECISIONSMADEBYTHEMANAGERAND,HENCE,THEPRODUCTIVITYANDPROFITABILITYOFTHEORGANISATIONITISAPPRECIATEDTHATTHEACTIVITIESOFMANUFACTURINGMANAGEMENTAREMAINLYCONCERNEDWITHTHECOLLECTIONOFDATAANDTHEISSUINGOFPLANS,ORDERSANDDOCUMENTSSOASTOPROVIDEINFORMATIONFORMANAGEMENTSUPERVISIONANDCONT
10、ROLTHESEACTIVITIESINVOLVETHEMAKINGOFALARGENUMBEROFSIMPLEBUTREPETITIVECALCULATIONS,RECORDING,MANIPULATINGANDANALYSISOFGREATQUANTITIESOFDATAANDPROVISIONOFAWIDEVARIETYOFMANUFACTURINGINFORMATIONALLTHESETASKSAREQUITECOMFORTABLYCOPEDWITHBYTHECOMPUTERINTHEFOLLOWINGSECTIONS,WEWILLBRIEFLYDISCUSSTHEUSEOFTHECO
11、MPUTERINDEALINGWITHTHEVARIOUSACTIVITIESOFMANUFACTURINGSOASTOHIGHLIGHTTHEIMPORTANCEOFTHEROLEPLAYEDBYTHECOMPUTERINMODERNMANUFACTURINGMANAGEMENTOPERATIONSMANAGEMENTPLANNINGOFMANUFACTURINGOPERATIONSISNECESSARYIFWEWANTTOMAKETHEBESTUSEOFTHEEXPENSIVERESOURCESANDDERIVETHEMOSTPROFITFROMTHEMOPERATIONSPLANNING
12、BASICALLYCONSISTSOFTHEFOLLOWINGFUNCTIONSADETERMINATIONOFMANUFACTURINGMETHODS,OPERATIONTIMES,JOBROUTES,BATCHSIZESANDMANUFACTURINGCAPACITY,ANDBDESIGNOFFACTORYLAYOUTANDWORKPLACETOPROVIDEASMOOTHFLOWOFMATERIALANDSAFEWORKINGENVIRONMENTTHEUSEOFTHECOMPUTERINOPERATIONSPLANNINGISMANIFOLDINTHEAREAOFWORKMEASURE
13、MENTANDTIMESTANDARDS,THEVALUEOFTHECOMPUTERISTHESPEEDWITHWHICHDATACANBERETRIEVEDANDMANIPULATED,ANDTHEABILITYTOPROGRAMINDUCTIVESEQUENCESTHUS,THEMANAGERISRELIEVEDOFTHEBOREDOMASSOCIATEDWITHCARRYINGOUTTHETEDIOUSANDREPETITIVETASKSINBRIEF,THECOMPUTERISUSEDTOSTOREALLTHESTANDARDOPERATIONTIMES,CORRESPONDINGTO
14、THEPREDETERMINEDPARTICULARWORKELEMENTS,EITHERINADATAFILEORINSOMEMATHEMATICALFORMTOANALYSEAJOB,ITISFIRSTDIVIDEDINTOITSWORKELEMENTSWHICHAREFEDINTOTHECOMPUTERTHECOMPUTERTHENRETRIEVESINFORMATIONFROMTHEDATAFILEANDCALCULATESTHEELEMENTALTIMES,SUMSTHETIMESANDAUTOMATICALLYAPPLIESTHENECESSARYALLOWANCESTODETER
15、MINETHESTANDARDTIMEFORTHETOTALCYCLECONSEQUENTLY,COMPUTERISATIONINWORKSTUDYWILLBRINGABOUTTHEADVANTAGESOFREDUCTIONINTIMETOCARRYOUTTHETIMESTUDYANDGREATERACCURACYANDUNIFORMITYINTHETIMESTANDARDSFORMANUFACTURINGCAPACITYMANAGEMENT,THECOMPUTERCANBEPROGRAMMEDTOLOADORDERSTOTHEMANUFACTURINGFACILITIESTOSHOWTHEB
16、ALANCEOFTHEWORKLOADACROSSTHEMANUFACTURINGPLANTASANDWHENREQUIREDBOTHINFINITEANDFINITECAPACITYPLANNINGCANEASILYBECARRIEDOUTONTHECOMPUTERTOHIGHLIGHTPERIODSOFUNDERANDOVERLOADINGTHUS,APPROPRIATEREMEDIALACTIONSCANBETAKENWELLINADVANCETOPREVENTTHEINCIDENTSACTUALLYHAPPENINGINADDITION,ADAPTIVETECHNIQUESCANBEI
17、NCORPORATEDINTOTHECAPACITYLOADINGPROGRAMTOMAKEITSELFCORRECTING,SOTHATTHEINACCURACYOFTHEBASICMANUFACTURINGDATACANBEALLOWEDFORWITHSUCHANADAPTIVELOADINGSYSTEM,MOREREALISTICDELIVERYTIMESFORINDIVIDUALORDERSCANBEDETERMINEDTHECOMPUTERHASLONGBEENUSEDTOASSISTINPLANTLAYOUTDESIGNINDESIGNINGALAYOUTFORAFACTORY,T
18、HEREAREMANYDEPARTMENTSINVOLVED,ANDTHEHUNDREDSOFINTERRELATIONSHIPSRESULTINGFROMTHEFLOWOFMATERIALBETWEENTHEDEPARTMENTSHAVETOBETAKENINTOACCOUNTASTHECOMPLEXITYOFTHEMATERIALFLOWMULTIPLIESWITHANINCREASEINTHENUMBEROFDEPARTMENTS,THETIMEREQUIREDTOPERFORMTHEANALYSISBYMANUALMETHODSINCREASESDRASTICALLYTHECOMPUT
19、ERISEMPLOYEDINANATTEMPTTODEALWITHTHECOMPLEXRELATIONSHIPSINASYSTEMATICANDEFFICIENTMANNERCONSEQUENTLY,THEUSEOFTHECOMPUTERCANSIGNIFICANTLYREDUCETHEDESIGNPROCESSTOAFASTANALYSISOFNUMEROUSALTERNATIVESINTHEAREAOFWORKPLACEDESIGN,THECOMPUTERCANBEUSEDTOSIMULATETHEEFFECTSOFTHEPROPOSEDDESIGNONTHEHUMANOPERATOR,A
20、SWELLASHISPERFORMANCETOOPERATEINSUCHAWORKENVIRONMENTTHEPROGRAMCANBEDESIGNEDTODISPLAYTHEOPERATORSSIMULATEDMOVEMENTSANDHIS/HERINTERACTIONSWITHTHEWORKPLACEINANANIMATEDFORMONTHESCREENDATAABOUTTHELIMBPOSITIONSTOPERFORMTHEOPERATIONSANDOTHERPARAMETERSTODESCRIBETHEOVERALLRELATIONSHIPSBETWEENTHEOPERATORANDTH
21、EWORKPLACECANBEINPUTFORANALYSISASARESULT,DETAILEDSTATISTICALANALYSISOFSTRESSONTHEHUMANBODYWILLBEAVAILABLEFORASSESSMENT,ANDTHOSEAREASOFHUMAN/MACHINEINTERACTIONSTHATAREDETRIMENTALTOTHEOPERATORWILLBEHIGHLIGHTEDFORRECTIFICATIONFORECASTINGINORDERTOCARRYOUTTHEPLANNINGFUNCTION,INFORMATIONHASTOBEGATHEREDAND
22、SUPPLIEDASINPUTTOTHEPLANNINGPROCESSINPLANNINGTOSMOOTHOUTTHEIMBALANCEBETWEENPRODUCTIONANDDEMAND,ITISNECESSARYTOFORECASTFUTURESALES,BOTHINTHESHORTTERMFORDETAILEDMANUFACTURINGPLANNINGANDSCHEDULING,ANDINTHELONGTERMASABASISFORPLANTCAPACITYASSESSMENTINESSENCE,FORECASTINGISCONCERNEDWITHPREDICTINGFUTUREOUTC
23、OMESONTHEBASISOFTHECURRENTTRENDIDENTIFIEDFROMTHEPREVAILINGPRESENTCONDITIONSFORMOSTPURPOSES,THREETECHNIQUESAREADEQUATEAMOVINGANNUALTOTAL,BMOVINGAVERAGE,ANDCEXPONENTIALSMOOTHING,WHILETHETECHNIQUESOFREGRESSIONANDCORRELATIONEMPLOYEDFORTRENDPROJECTIONANDFINDINGTHELINEOFBESTFITWILLSOMETIMESBEUSEFULSINCETH
24、ESETECHNIQUESREQUIRERELATIVELYSIMPLECALCULATIONSBUTINVOLVEQUANTITIESOFHISTORICALANDSURVEYDATA,THECOMPUTERCANADVANTAGEOUSLYBEUSEDTOHANDLETHECOMPUTATIONSOASTOELIMINATETHEERRORSANDIMPROVETHEACCURACYOFTHERESULTSINVENTORYCONTROLTHECOMPUTERISLIKELYTOMAKEASIGNIFICANTIMPACTININVENTORYCONTROLFORSIMPLEAPPLICA
25、TION,THECOMPUTERCANBEUSEDASADEVICEFORSIMPLEINVENTORYRECORDING,MONITORINGTHEINVENTORYLEVELANDAUTOMATICISSUINGOFREPLENISHMENTORDERSWHENTHEINVENTORYLEVELFALLSBELOWTHEREORDERPOINTMORESOPHISTICATEDUSEOFTHECOMPUTERWILLINCLUDEDETERMINATIONOFORDERPOINT,ORDERQUANTITYANDSAFETYINVENTORYLEVELINRECENTYEARS,MATER
26、IALREQUIREMENTSPLANNINGMRPHASEMERGEDASANEFFECTIVETECHNIQUETODEALWITHMANUFACTURINGINVENTORIESBESIDESBEINGEFFECTIVEFORMINIMISINGINVENTORYINVESTMENT,MRPISALSOUSEFULINORDERSCHEDULINGANDMATERIALPURCHASINGWHILETHECONCEPTOFMRPISRELATIVELYSTRAIGHTFORWARD,ITSAPPLICATIONDEMANDSEFFICIENTHANDLINGANDFASTPROCESSI
27、NGOFVOLUMINOUSAMOUNTSOFDATAOWINGTOITSABILITYTOMANIPULATECONSIDERABLEAMOUNTSOFDATAATHIGHSPEEDANDWITHGREATACCURACY,THECOMPUTERHASPROVEDTOBEINDISPENSABLEINMRPSYSTEMSSCHEDULINGTHEPRINCIPALAIMSOFSCHEDULINGARETOARRANGETHEJOBSSOASTODELIVERTHEORDERSONTIMEANDCOMPLETETHEORDERSATTHEMINIMUMTOTALCOSTTOACHIEVETHE
28、SEAIMS,THECOMPUTERCANBEUSEDTOSIMULATETHEEFFECTSOFFOLLOWINGALTERNATIVESCHEDULESSOTHATTHEMOSTFEASIBLEONECANBECHOSENFORIMPLEMENTATIONSINCETHECOMPUTERCANHANDLEVASTAMOUNTSOFDATAVERYFAST,THESIMULATIONEXERCISECANBEPERFORMEDONANONLINEANDREALTIMEBASISTHEIMMEDIATEADVANTAGEOFONLINESIMULATIONISTHATWHENAJOBHASBE
29、ENCOMPLETED,ANENQUIRYCANBEMADETOTHECOMPUTERWHICHWILLBEABLETODETERMINE,INREALTIME,THENEXTJOBTHATSHOULDBEOPERATEDTOMINIMISETHECOSTSALTERNATIVELY,THECOMPUTERCANBEPROGRAMMEDTOPRODUCELISTSOFJOBSOFTHE“WORKTO“TYPEONADAILYORWEEKLYBASISSHOWINGTHEPRIORITYORDEROFTHEWAITINGJOBSFOREACHWORKCENTREPRODUCTDESIGNANDM
30、ANUFACTURETHECOMPUTERISBEINGUSEDINCREASINGLYINTHEDESIGNANDMANUFACTUREOFPRODUCTSTHEACRONYMCAD/CAM,STANDINGFORCOMPUTERAIDEDDESIGNANDCOMPUTERAIDEDMANUFACTURING,HASBECOMEACOMMONPLACEEXPRESSIONFORPERSONNELENGAGEDINMANUFACTURINGCADISCONCERNEDWITHTHEEFFECTIVEUSEOFTHECOMPUTERTOCREATEANDMODIFYENGINEERINGANDP
31、RODUCTDESIGNSWITHTHEAIDOFTHECOMPUTER,THETIMEINVOLVEDINTHETHREEBASICPHASESSYNTHESIS,ANALYSISANDPRESENTATIONOFTHEDESIGNPROCESSISGREATLYREDUCEDTHISISDUETOTHEABILITYOFTHECOMPUTERTOPERFORMNUMEROUSCALCULATIONSACCURATELYANDSPEEDILY,ANDTOSTORETHERESULTS,INVARIOUSFORMS,INFILESWHICHCANBEREFERREDTOLATEREITHERF
32、ORMODIFICATIONORPRESENTATIONASARESULT,THEUSEOFCADCANSIGNIFICANTLYINCREASETHEPRODUCTIVITYOFTHEDESIGNERANDENABLESTHECREATIONOFADATABASEFORMANUFACTURINGTHEAPPLICATIONSOFTHECOMPUTERINMANUFACTURINGAREDIVERSEANDBASICALLYINCLUDETHEMONITORINGANDCONTROLOFTHEMANUFACTURINGOPERATIONSTHEINCREASINGCOMPLEXITYANDRI
33、SINGQUALITYSTANDARDSREQUIREDOFMODERNPRODUCTSHAVERESULTEDINTHEINVENTIONOFNEWMANUFACTURINGOPERATIONSTOOCOMPLEXFORHUMANMONITORINGANDCONTROLTHECOMPUTERHASTHEREFOREBEENCALLEDONTOREPLACEMANUALMETHODSTOMONITORANDREGULATEINDUSTRIALOPERATIONSONTHEONEHAND,COMPUTERPROCESSMONITORINGAPPLIESTHECOMPUTERTOMONITORTH
34、EPROCESSANDASSOCIATEDEQUIPMENTANDTOGATHERANDRECORDDATAFROMTHEOPERATIONSALTHOUGHOPERATIONALCONTROLREMAINSINHUMANHANDS,THEDATACOLLECTEDANDCALCULATIONSPERFORMEDCANBEUSEDTOGUIDETHEOPERATORINTHECONTROLOFTHEPROCESSONTHEOTHERHAND,THECOMPUTERCANBEDIRECTLYINVOLVEDINTHECONTROLANDSUPERVISIONOFTHEMANUFACTURINGP
35、ROCESSANEXAMPLEOFUSINGTHECOMPUTERTOCONTROLMANUFACTURINGOPERATIONSDIRECTLYISTHECNCMACHINEWHICHISCAPABLEOFCARRYINGOUTVERYCOMPLICATEDOPERATIONSWITHGREATACCURACYCONCLUSIONSTHISARTICLEHASATTEMPTEDTOPRESENTANOVERVIEWOFTHEUSEOFTHECOMPUTERINMANUFACTURINGMANAGEMENTONCEWEAPPRECIATEWHATTHECOMPUTERCANDOTOASSIST
36、INVARIOUSMANUFACTURINGDECISIONMAKINGPROCESSES,WECANEXPECTTHEUSEOFTHECOMPUTERTORESULTINTHEFOLLOWINGADVANTAGES1REDUCTIONINADMINISTRATIVECOSTS2MOREACCURATEFORECASTING3IMPROVEDWORKINGENVIRONMENT4SMOOTHERINFORMATIONANDMATERIALFLOW5BETTERPRODUCTQUALITY6BETTERINVENTORYCONTROLANDIMPROVEDDELIVERIES,AND7INCRE
37、ASEDPRODUCTIVITYANDPROFITABILITYTHUS,THEMANUFACTURINGMANAGERSHOULDBEFULLYAWAREOFTHEBENEFITSOFUSINGTHECOMPUTERTOASSISTHIMINMANAGINGTHEMANUFACTURINGPLANTANDBEWELLPREPAREDTOTAKEONTHECHALLENGEOFIMPLEMENTINGSUCHAPOWERFULMANAGEMENTTOOLTOHELPIMPROVETHEPRODUCTIVITYANDPROFITABILITYOFHISORGANISATIONSOURCETCEC
38、HENGCOMPUTERSANDMANUFACTURINGMANAGEMENTJINDUSTRIALMANAGEMENT2市场观察员估计可能不是很准确,因为人们倾向于处理单调勤劳工作而犯的错误,3由于劳动力成本高,很贵4数据的数量是有限的,你也可以操纵人在生理上和心理上参与的能力。令人高兴的是,随着数字计算机出现，这些困难现在能简单地克服。在过去的几年里,计算机已逐渐成为一个强大的工具，提供给经理解决一个广泛的复杂的管理决策问题。新一代的电脑设备与快速处理器,可以以极大的速度和准确性操作数据,他们也有庞大的内存储存空间和高效率处理浩瀚的大量信息。联合高速度、大型仓储现代计算机使它成为一个提供基
39、本的信息的理想的工具,那将是在帮助管理者做决定。一些最常见的使用的计算机作为一种管理工具是1数据的收集和分析。2信息管理信息记录、更新和冲洗。3MATHEMATICALLOGICAL操作数据4提供一个数据库支持系统电脑和制造在制造业一个潜在的使用电脑的领域，这是因为复杂性参与管理现代化的制造工厂的能力已经超出了人类大脑考虑电路,包括直接成本和间接成本,所有相关因素如果都是有效的决定是要考虑的。有能力的计算机可以快速准确信赖地处理大量资料，在各种适当的形式,如报告、图表和图纸等,把原始数据转化为有用的信息,从而大大提高质量经理所作出的决定,因此,生产力和利润的结果。它很感激的是制造管理的活动，主
40、要涉及数据的收集,并签发计划、命令和参考文献信息提供给管理层监控。这些活动需要做大量的简单而重复的计算、记录、操作和分析数据和提供大量各种各样的制造信息。所有这些工作由计算机应付都非常舒适。在接下来的段落里,我们会简单的讨论使用电脑来处理各种制造活动,注重计算机在现代生产管理方面所发挥的作用。运营管理规划生产运作是必要的,如果我们想充分利用昂贵的资源并推导出最大利润。行动计划由以下基本功能A确定制造方法,生产作业时间、工作路线、尺寸和生产加工能力。B工厂规划和设计工作的地方提供平稳流入的材料和安全的工作环境。电脑的使用计划是在于运营之间。在工作的测量区域和时间标准的价值、计算机数据可以高速检索
41、和操作的速度,并且能够用程序感应序列。因此,经理解除了实施沉闷和重复的任务的苦闷。总之,计算机是用来存储所有标准作业时间,对应于预定的特定的工作原理,要么以数据文件或一些数学的形式。分析工作,首先分为计算机工作要素的输入。计算机就从检索信息的数据文件并计算出元素倍的时间和总结自动适用于确定的必要保障标准时间总循环。因此,研究工作的电脑化程度优势高的将减少进行时间研究和比较准确的统一标准。计算机有长期用于协助工厂版图设计的作用。在工厂设计布局中，有许多部门,和所涉及的数以百计的相互关系的物质流产生的各部门之间的关系是必须考虑的内容。作为物料流量的复杂性与加倍的增加了很多的部门,所需要的时间进行分
42、析,以大幅度降低手动增加。计算机被雇来试图处理在一个系统、有效地进行的复杂关系。因此,电脑的使用能明显减少设计过程中,一种快速分析的众多的选择。在该地区的工作场所设计中，计算机可以用来模拟了设计对人类的接线员的影响,以及他在这样的工作环境的表现运作。该程序可以在屏幕上用动画形式来显示经营者的模拟运动和他/她在工作场所之间的相互作用。有关数据的位置进行操作和总体描述以及之间的关系可以输入工作场所进行分析。统计分析的结果,详细应激对人体健康将可评估,这些地区、人机交互作用的是不利于接线员。预测为了落实规划功能,进行信息采集和输入到包括规划过程。在平稳计划产量和需求之间的不平衡,有必要对未来销售的预
43、测,在短期内详细的生产计划与调度,从长远来看,以此为基础,为生产能力评估。在本质上,从流行的目前的情形预测结果预测将来涉及的基础上确定当前趋势。对于大多数的目的,三个技术是充足的一移动年总B移动平均法、和C指数平滑,而技术趋势回归和相关性用于的线条,设计、投影,找到最适合的有时会是有用的。由于这些技术需要相对简单运算但涉及大量的历史和调查数据,计算机可以被用来处理计算结果,消除错误和改善结果的精度。库存控制计算机可能在库存控制中产生重大影响。计算机可以作为一种简单的应用，用于库存记录、监测库存水平和当库存水平低于重采购点时自动发放补货订单。更复杂的利用是计算机将包括确定订货点,订单数量及安全库
44、存水平。近年来,物料需求计划MRP已成为一个有效制造的库存的处理方法。除了有效的库存投资、MRP同样有用的调度和减少材料采购订单。而MRP的概念相对简单,它的应用要求有效地进行处理和快速处理浩瀚的大量的数据。因其能非常精确地高速的操控相当数量的数据,计算机已经被证明为MRP系统不可缺少的一环。调度最重要的目标计划是安排工作,这样才能让时间发送顺序和完成订单最低总成本。为了实现这些目标,计算机可以用来模拟让最替代计划可行的一种可选择实施后的影响。自计算机能很快处理大量资料,仿真锻炼可以执行网上和实时的基础。直接利用在线仿真是,当一个工作已基本完成,询问能够是否可对计算机决定,在实时的接下来的工作
45、,要进行减少成本。另外,计算机可以被编程产生列出的“许多的”工作输入显示每日或每周工作优先次序等各项工作的中心。产品设计和制造计算机是逐渐在设计和制造的产品被使用的。缩写字母CAD/CAM，计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造,已成为一个平凡的从事人才制造的表达形式。CAD关心的是有效的利用计算机来创建和修改工程和产品的设计。借助计算机,参与了三种基本阶段合成、分析和介绍设计过程的大幅减少。这是由于计算机的能力在执行多种计算准确、快速的环境中生存,并且采用多种形式保存结果,在以后可供文件变更或报告。因此,使用计算机辅助设计CAD,可显著提高生产力,在设计者的数据库创建中负责生产制造。计算机在生产中的
46、应用非常多变,主要包括监视和控制生产运作。对于人类的监控，日益增长的复杂性和现代产品质量标准要求的上升在发明了新的复杂得生产运作。计算机又因此被用来代替手动监控和规范产业化运作。一方面,计算机过程监控应用来自计算机监控过程、相关设备和收集并记录数据的操作。虽然运行控制仍在人类手里,采集到的数据进行与计算结果可用于指导经营者在控制上的过程。另一方面,计算机可以直接参与管理制造过程的控制。使用计算机的一个例子是直接以极大的精度控制生产操作在数控机床上进行的非常复杂的操作。结论本文试图在使用了电脑的生产管理上进行了系统性的回顾。一旦我们感谢计算机可以协助做各种生产决策过程,我们可以预期使用电脑的结果如下优点1降低行政成本,2更准确的预测。3改善工作环境,4光滑的信息和资料流5更好的产品质量。6更好的库存控制和改进的交付,7增加生产率和利润率。因此,应该充分意识到生产管理中使用计算机的好处，它可以协助带领厂房生产和做好准备去挑战，实施这样一个强大的管理工具可以帮助提高生产效率和利润率。出处TCE程。电脑和生产管理J工业管理和数据系统,2006,08P15
