1、 1 外文翻译 原文 e-commerce has become a strategic option for fast growth of small and medium enterprises Material Source: Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies， 2007 Author: Meredith Small and medium enterprises have become an important foundation of economic development, market prosperi
2、ty and employment expansion, contributing to half of the economic development. They are everywhere, from cities to towns, from the primary industry to the tertiary industry. Especially during the past se veral years, small and medium enterprises have expanded constantly and played an important role
3、in promoting national economic growth, optimizing industrial structure, increasing fiscal revenue and social employment, prosper urban and rural markets, helping increasing farmers income and maintaining social stability. Small and medium enterprises are an important part of the national economy and
4、 an indispensable component of the social economy. However, with the increasing opening-up of domestic market as well as the acceleration of economic globalization, both international and domestic economic competitions have become more and more fierce. It has become a very realistic problem for smal
5、l and medium enterprises, which are among large enterprises, to survive, develop and prosper in this tide. The emergence of e-commerce helps small and medium enterprises break through traditional constraint and provides them with an opportunity to compete with large enterprises with an equal footing
6、. In recent years, small and medium enterprises have played a more and more important role in developing Australias economy, increasing revenue and employment, activating market, and promoting social stability, and gradual become a major force to rejuvenate Australias economy. Therefore, Australia s
7、hould attach more importance to the important role of small and medium enterprises, and small and medium enterprises are also expecting to improve various conditions such as fund, information, talent, technology and management to better satisfy the 2 requirement of market diversification and for fur
8、ther enterprise growth and expansion. With the development of the information technology and more sophistication of the social information environment, the role of informative methods in the development of small and medium enterprises has become more and more obvious. In order to face competition an
9、d challenge, it has become very necessary for small and medium enterprises to improve their normalization level. E-commerce has become an important strategy for small and medium enterprises to maintain a consistent, fast and healthy development. Especially during the past few years, small and medium
10、 enterprises have obtained fast growth. In accordance with the statistics from related state department, by the end of October 2006, there were more than 420 thousand small and medium enterprises in Australia, accounting for 92.8% of the total enterprise, of which private enterprises were as many as
11、 over 380 thousand. The ultimate products and services produced by small and medium enterprises accounted for 58% of the GDP, their products accounted for 59% of the social sales, their taxes accounted for 50.2%, and 62.3% of the export volume was made by small and medium enterprises. In recent year
12、s, small and medium enterprises have played a more and more important role in developing Australias economy, increasing revenue and employment, activating market, and promoting social stability, and gradual become a major force to rejuvenate Australias economy. In 2006, non-public enterprises such a
13、s private enterprises created more than 9 million jobs, accounting for more than 3/4 of the overall increased jobs. All these statistics show that small and medium enterprises have become the most energetic economic factor in current sustainable economic growth as well as social stability and improv
14、ement of Australia. However, today, with globalization and fiercer competition, the life of Australias small and medium enterprises has become shorter and shorter. Related investigation shows that the average life of U.S. enterprises is about 40 years, while only 5.7 years of Australias small and me
15、dium enterprises, which has become even shorter in recent years, only 2.4 years, and some people claim it is only 1.7 years. Why many small and medium enterprises cannot expand and last? Why some enterprises are “superstars” today but out of the picture tomorrow? Why is it so difficult for once succ
16、essful enterprises to have a second glory? There are many reasons for this, for example, we used to pursue a socialist planning economy, and thus it is difficult for us to integrate into the international 3 economy. Australias foreign investment policy is to encourage nature. Since the mid-80s of la
17、st century, the Australian government began relaxing restrictions on foreign capital. In todays international trade and investment liberalization in the background, to further reduce Australias foreign investment restrictions in order to attract globally competitive economic entities. After Australi
18、as entry into, its market suddenly opened to the whole world, and competition between enterprises has become fiercer. It is not only domestic enterprises who are in this competition, but many foreign enterprises have also joined in this fierce competition. Many enterprises find it difficult to adapt
19、 to a pattern of global operation. After the early period of fast growth, small and medium enterprises may have a hard time of development, and enter growth stagnation or even collapse. Under the situation of increasingly tighter global economic connection and growing importance of the knowledge eco
20、nomy, to survive and develop or to fail and die is a reality that every small and medium enterprise has to face. It has been proven that competitive advantages determine the survival of small and medium enterprises. The market is ruthless and the competition is cruel. In order to compete with large
21、and strong enterprises, a small and medium enterprise must have a competitive edge of its own on a certain aspect and in a certain area to maintain and improve its competitiveness. However, how can small and medium enterprises gain their competitiveness among large enterprises? E-commerce has caused
22、 widespread concern in the community as a very active business model, Small and medium enterprises have smaller scale, and highly centralized decision-making power management, wanting to change the corporate business model is very simple, and almost no losses, and making decision is a very short tim
23、e period, while small and medium enterprises carry out the low-volume and diversified sales model, as to export trade, communication costs and transportation costs are very important, e-commerce business model is ideal for export trade of small and medium enterprises. The emergence of e-commerce has
24、 provided those enterprises, which are in an urgent demand to improve their competitiveness, with a great tool to win. It is a necessary option especially for those small and medium enterprises which do not possess advantages in fund, scale and human resources. Today, with the growing sophistication
25、 of the information technology, e-commerce has opened up a window for small and medium enterprises. Although it is not an elixir, it can provide great help to small and medium enterprises to reduce cost and obtain market information. 4 There are many elements for any small and medium enterprise to s
26、ucceed, but today, with the practice of normalization and fast development of the network economy, e-commerce has become a strategic option for fast growth of small and medium enterprises. Australias small and medium enterprises should combine their own development characteristics and choose an e-co
27、mmerce development pattern that suits them to achieve fast and healthy development. In addition, the global prosperous development of e-commerce has attracted great attention from governments of various countries. Australia has made great efforts on the aspect of e-commerce and conducted active and
28、beneficial exploration, which has greatly promoted the development of Australias e-commerce. Although currently we cannot predict when the e-commerce transaction pattern will become the mainstream method, the e-commerce market has an infinite development potential. E-commerce has changed the method
29、of commodity transaction as well as peoples lives. However, there are still some problems which constrain the development of small and medium enterprises when they are using e-commerce, and only with these problems well addressed can Australias small and medium enterprises have a better development.
30、 Therefore, in current background, study on the e-commerce development of small and medium enterprises has both theoretical and realistic significance. 译文 电子商务已经成为中小型企业的快速增长的战略选择 资料来源 : 太平洋流域金融市场和政策评论 ， 2007 作者： 梅雷迪斯 中小型企业已经成为经济发展，市场繁荣和扩大就业的重要基础，促进经济 更快 发展。他们无处不在，从城市到乡镇，从第一产业 到 第三产业。特别是在过去几年里，中小型企业不
31、断扩大，发挥了促进国民经济增长的重要作用，优化产业结构，增加财 政收入和社会就业，繁荣城乡市场，帮助增加农民收入，维护社会稳定。 中小型企业是国民经济的重要组成部分，是社会的经济不可或缺的组成部分。然而，随着越来越开放的国内市场以及经 济全球化加速发展起来，无论是国际和国内经济竞争也越来越激烈。它已成为一个中小型企业， 以及 大型企业，非常现实的生存问题， 这是 发展和繁荣 的潮流。 电子商务的出现可以帮助中小5 型企业通过打破传统的约束，并提供了一个机会，竞争与他们平起平坐的大型企业 。 近几年， 中小型企业在澳大利亚的经济发展中发挥了，增加收入和就业，激活市场，促进社会稳定 等 越来越重要
32、的作用，逐步成为澳大利亚振兴经济的主要力量。因此，澳大利亚更加重视中小型企业的重要作用，也希望能改善，如资金，信息，人才，技术和管理的各种条件，以更好地满足市场多样化的要求 和企 业进一步成长和壮大。 随着信息技术的发展和更复杂的社会信息环境， 信息的 建设 在中小型企业发展方面的作用已越来越明显。为了面对竞争和挑战，中小型企业提高标准化水平已经变得非常 必要 。电子商务已成为中小型企业保持一致，快速，健康发展的重要战略。 特别是在过去几年里，中小型企业获得快速增长。在与来自国家相关部门统计 ， 2006 年 10 月底 ， 有超过 42 万家中小型企业在澳大利亚， 占 整个企业 数量 的 9
33、2.8%，其中民营企业为 38 万，最终产品和中小型企业生产服务，占国内生产总值的 58，其产品占社会销售的 59， 62.3的出 口量是由中小型企业创造的 。 近年来，小型和中小型企业在发展中发挥了澳大利亚的经济，增加收入和就业，激活市场，促进社会稳定越来越重要的作用，逐步成为澳大利亚的主要力量振兴经济。 2006 年，民营企业等非公有制企业创造超过 90 万个就业机会，占整体超过 3 /4 的就业机会。 所有这些数字显示，中小型企业已成为当前改善澳大利亚最具活力的可持续经济增长以及社会稳定和经济因素。 然而，在经济全球化的今天，在竞争日益激烈的今天，澳大利亚 中小企业的寿命却越来越短，有关
34、调查表明，美国企业的平均寿命大约是 40 年，澳大利亚中小企业的平均寿命只有 5.7 年，而且这几年来的平均寿命更短，只有 2.4年，甚至还有人说是 1.7 年。 为什么很多中小企业做不大，做不长 ?为什么曾经成功的企业很难获得二次辉煌？这其中因素很多，如我们过去走的是社会主义计划经济路线，因此就比较难与国际市场接轨。 澳大利亚市场的大门突然向全世界敞开，企业之间的竞争更加白热化了，澳大利亚外国投资的政策是鼓励的性质 ， 由于中期上世纪 80 年代，澳大利亚政府开始放宽对外资的限制。 在当今的国际贸易 和投资自由化的背景下，进一步降低澳大利亚的外国投资的限制，以吸引全球竞争力的经济实体。 不仅
35、国内同行业之间展开了难分难解的较量，外国很多企业也加入到这场激烈的较量中，很多企业难以适应这样6 一种全球化的运作模式，中小企业就可能在度过早期的快速增长期后，企业就再也发展不下去，陷入增长停滞的情况中，甚至出现倒闭的可能。 在世界经济联系日益紧密和知识经济越来越重要的形势下，是生存发展，还是失败衰亡，这是每一个中小企业必须面对的现实。事实已经证明，竞争优势关系到中小企业生死存亡。市场无情，竞争残酷，中小企业与实力雄厚的大企业开竞争，就必须自己在某一方面、某一领域具有竞争优势，保持并提升自己的竞争力。但中小企业如何才能在大型企业竞争中拥有自己的竞争力呢？ 电子商务一个非常活跃的商业模式 已经引
36、起了社会 的广泛关注，中小 型 企业 规模较小，高度集中的决策权的管理， 决策是一个很短的时间内几乎没有损失 ，希望改变公司的商业模式很简单 ，而中小型企业进行小批量和多样化的出口贸易销售模式，通讯成本和运输成本非常重要，电子商务的商业模式是用于出口的中小型企业贸易的理想。 电子商务的出现，使众多迫切要求增强竞争力的企业得到了一件法宝。特别是对于在资金 、规模、和人力上不具有优势的中小企业来说更是缩小其与大企业之间差距的必然选择。在信息技术成熟的今天，电子商务为中小企业打开了一个方向，尽管并不能解决一切问题，但至少在降低成本、获取市场信息等方面能够为中小企业提供很大帮助。任何一个中小企业成功的
37、因素很多，但实施信息化，网络经济快速发展，电子商务成为了中小企业快速发展的战略选择，澳大利亚中小企业更应该结合自身的发展特点，选择适合自己的电子商务发展模式谋求健康地发展。 此外，全球 电子商务的 发展，吸引了来自各国政府的高度重视。澳大利亚已就电子商务方面的巨大努力，开 展了积极和有益的探索，极大地促进了澳大利亚的电子商务的发展。 虽然目前我们无法预测何时电子商务交易模式将成为主流的方法，电子商务市场具有 很大 的发展潜力。电子商务改变了商品交易方 式以及人们的生活。但是，仍然有一些问题，制约了中小型企业的发展，他们使用的是电子商务，只有很好处理， 澳大利亚的中小型企业有更好的发展这些问题。因此，在目前的背景下，中小型企业电子商务发展的研究既有理论意义 ，又有 现实意义。
