1、外文翻译 原文： E-business of enterprise technology and development Li ZhaoYuan Song Yi Li ZhaoYuan: Professor of department of computer science of Beijing Institute of Aeronautics, the Beijing information chief of technical research institute of computer of department of north spaceflight, Chinese compute
2、r society data base professional committee committee member. Engaged in the research and development in data base, information system, development approach of the software and tool,etc. for a long time, It finishes national tackling of key scientific and technical problems plan, 863 Plan,etc. great
3、projectses obtain multiple national department, city a magnitude of progresses prize in science and technologieses. “ MIS fast developing instrument“ studied and develop is chosen as“ Chinas outstanding software product“. Song Yi: The computer software Master degree candidate of Beijing Institute of
4、 Aeronautics. The development of the e-business is bringing the far-reaching influence day by day to whole society . As the course of a kind of commercial activity, the e-business will bring an unprecedented revolution , It influences and far go beyond the commercial affair itself . The e-business n
5、ot merely exists between the enterprise and consumer, exist between the enterprise and enterprise and inside the enterprise. This text has been introduced emphatically several respects, such as e-business developping, classifying, flow, main technology and development trend,etc. The so-called e-busi
6、ness utilizes the telecommunications network and technology data business activities of exchanging and develop the commercial affair of carrying on the commercial affair of digitilized media, It involves enterprise, consumer, government,etc.s doing a deal through the electronic tool( such as EDI, We
7、b technology, E-mail,etc.) between all respects. Moreover, the e-business includes the overall business activity inside and outside the enterprise utilizing Web to carry on yet, For instance market investigate and analyse, circulate financial affairs adjust, production schedule arrange for, goods an
8、d material allocate, customer connection, marketing. This text is introduced as follows on several respects, such as e-business developping, classifying, flow, main technology and development trend,etc. especially Development course The development of the e-business is through a very long course . D
9、ivide it roughly , how many stages are experienced followingly: Before the eighties, along with the development of popularization of the computer and various kinds of software, Realize commercial datas with no paper to deal with, commercial datases exchange through the disc medium, This is the prepa
10、ratory stage of e-business. After entering the eighties, some special data-switching systems, for example the electronic data were exchanged( EDI) and the electronic fund conveyed( EFT) the system, Build up and put into operation gradually. Especially after the telecommunications department introduc
11、es the appreciation network service, such an special-purpose informationses exchange and it receives to be very much great development systematically, Appear customs system of declaring at the Customs, civil aviation book tickets , the channel informations of port exchange system system,etc. use the
12、 instance at a series of. E-businesses at this moment already embryonic form now, receive extensive application comparatively of the tradeses of society. After Internet appears , the e-business has gotten unprecedented development, all kinds of Web site and company which are engaged in the electroni
13、c commercial activity emerge in an endless stream . The more important thing is , Internet has expanded the wide space for the development of the e-business. Compared with in the past, there are two merits at least to utilize Internet development e-business: The technical standard is unified , inter
14、connected and simple between various kinds of systems; In extensive range, not only confine to the system but also can get to the huge numbers of families deeply . It is exactly Internet the omnipresent powerful infiltration strength and popularization in the world of the network apphcation, Have sh
15、own to people that develop the limitless opportunity for business of e-business. At present, the e-business of Internet is developed quickly on the whole world, its turnover will double every 9 months probably averagly. The total value of market of e-business of Internet of 1999 had already reached
16、68 billion dollars. Financial circles among them, commerce retail , and media industry e-business with the fastest developing speed field transport service. The development of e-business of our country begins in the initial stage of the 1990s, is based on national public communication basic network,
17、 Israel country“ gold imprison“, and four a piece of informations turn project into representative“ gold cards“ gold taxes“ gold bridges“. The ones that surfed the Net with the development and enterprise and masses of the network popularized further, The domestic e-business is presenting the vigorou
18、s trend . The inland e-commerce Web site of our country has already reached more than 200 at present, staffs reach more than 5000 people, The total turnover reached 200 million yuan in 1999, the above that doubled compared with 1998 , means of payment was to pay and cashed on delivery online mainly.
19、 It is predicted , the turnover of Chinas e-business will reach 800 million yuan at the end of 2000, will reach 10 billion yuan by 2002. Classify and the flow Application of the e-business is extensive, in many aspects. If the range of the targets of both sides of commercial activity divides accordi
20、ng to participating in, Can assign to for the commercial affair inside the enterprise , the enterprise is to the commercial affair between the commercial affair, enterprise and consumer among the enterprise. The commercial affair inside the enterprise: It is actually for this it is for Intranet,from
21、 Intranet enterpriseses finish information sharing, manage at fund dispatchers at managements workflows,etc. commercial activity. There are demand and ability of constructing Intranet in domestic most enterprises at present, we can say that this is the beginning of domestic electronic business appli
22、cation. The enterprise is to the commercial affair among the enterprise: B to B that namely so-called( to Business of Business). Stand up through network link between different enterprises, finish the important commercial trade, Including the contract is consulted, buys, the fund carries over etc. T
23、hese are finished by EDI traditionally. Along with the development of Internet, will reduce the cost of EDI greatly on the basis of the electronic business application of Internet, Most foreign company does improvement on already existing EDI systematic foundation at present. Domestic most enterpris
24、es invest relatively little in EDI in the past and fully used the new technology among the new e-business tide, Get higher benefit. The commercial affair between the enterprise and consumer: B to C that namely so-called( to Consumer of Business). The enterprise offers the commercial service to end u
25、ser systematically through Internet and ones own application. Through the e-business service direct to the customer, the enterprise can obtain more commercial opportunities , Improve the support and service to the customer. If divide according to the application level, what the e-business can be div
26、ided into for the international, domestic enterprise and e-business to the consumer of enterprise. The one different from dividing the method in the above is the international e-business. Last two kinds and method in the front is the same. If divide according to the function, electronic business app
27、lication can divide into advertising, information collecting, ordering on the net, types, such as paying, electronic account,etc. on the net again. During various kinds of application of the e-business, the shopping online can be regarded as the most general instance . Now take shopping online as an
28、 example to explain the concrete trade flow of the e-business: This electronic business system should set up a virtual electronic commercial building first. The customer can enter the homepage of the electronic commercial building rapidly through Web browser. The customer who enters the commercial b
29、uilding must be a customer who has already registered in this commercial building, So the customer enters and pass the authentication and mandate of the server of commercial building in front of the commercial building. The customer after being on commission can enter commercial building and have a
30、look around the goods and put the goods chosen into the electronic shopping cart , After finish choosing, can reselect the goods selected again , send the order information to the electronic corresponding shop of commercial building through the network after acting as full confirmation, Shop receive
31、 order at customer and goods information send information to, Then the shop sends the goods to customers home, and to the clear fund of the bank at the same time. Main technology The main technology electronic business system is a system synthesized, all respects, such as its technology of computer
32、of set, network communication technology, financial information processing technology,etc., There is the key technology involved among them mainly: Web technology , especially Web data base technology. Used in the issue of the online goods information, relevant data operation of searching and backst
33、age supporters data base mainly. The e-business as modern enterprise information system can not do without web data base technology, It offers the strong technological foundation for facing the new-type management mode of Internet in the enterprise. The electronic data are exchanged, namely EDI tech
34、nology. Enterprise and trades between the enterprise negotiate , trade contract convey , goods conveyance to fix manifest need EDI technology. Pay technology online, including use and management of electronic cheque, credit card, electronic fund carry over, the bank fund is cleared etc. Solve the ty
35、pe of payment, need to work together with process system of the bank mainly. The safe practice of the information. This electronic the key technologieses of business systems, including, information encrypt and decipher fire wall, figure sign etc. The virtual reality of the computer, namely VR techno
36、logy. Virtual electronic the foundations of commercial buildingses, goods the shows of appearance want and use VR technology virtual customer goods browses. The exclusively-owned technology in the e-business is introduced as follows today: 1. EDI technology EDI refers to the automatic exchange that
37、the data information with certain structure characteristic carries on and deal with, These data information is called the electronic document, the purpose of EDI is substituted by electronic document the file the paper, Carry on electronic trade, thus improve the efficiency of the commercial trade a
38、nd reduce the expenses to a great extent. In EDI, the computer system produces and entity which deals with the electronic document; The communication network is a carrier which is transmitted the electronic document; Electronic documents who standardization produce go on and change according to fixe
39、d forms. Along with the development of Internet, EDI combines with Internet developed rapidly and produce following four kinds of ways: Inernet Mail. It is the earliest way that brings EDI into Internet. It replaces traditional VAN( value-added network) who EDI rely ons with ISP reduce expenses who
40、channel used. However, it change the problem and translate the problem and was not solved . The standard is translated. It solves the problem of translating emphatically. Relatively complicated standard EDI, standardized organizationses at some specific to use and make some simple standards. This is
41、 a kind of special inter-trade international standard, realize while using the products in relevant Internet, Thus offer the convenient way for realization of EDI. The way of Web_EDI. Allow the enterprise to only need to join and can carry on EDI and exchange through the browser and Internet. Genera
42、lly relatively large-scale enterprise develop corresponding Web form form to EDI newspaper document, set free at Web website have them. Relatively little enterprise log in to website of getting, choose form fill in by form, result refer server to finish changing common EDI gentle newspaper, The trea
43、tment later will be dealt with the samly as traditional EDI newspaper document . The way change expenses spend and at server end, suit small and medium-sized enterprise and the EDIs of large-scale enterprises. XML_EDI way. XML is called the extendible mark language, it is the turning into the body o
44、f HTML. HTML determine the appearances of webpage only, and XML indicate how many contents Taxi data representative page, So can change the webpage into a commercial file more conveniently . XML_EDI way solves the problem of changing emphatically, its principle is a concept of introducing template ,
45、 What template describe and how explain gentle newspaper newspaper gentle structure, need programming realize newspaper gentle transformation like this. The standard of this language is still in making at present. Believing the development and perfectio n with XML, this kind of way will become the m
46、ain transmission way of EDI of future . 2. The safe practice of the information The security of the information is shown in the following several aspects mainly in the electronic business system: Quality of personal secrets, authenticity, musting be pretended nature, musting be denied nature. It is
47、a main safety measure that an electronic business system takes to encrypt, the present encryption divides into two kinds: (1)Encrypt symmetrically. Symmetrical encryption methods that both sides use and the same keys go on and encrypt and conciliate the same algorithm densly. The symmetrical encrypt
48、ion must guarantee that share the security exchange of the key ; There is“ n“ a trade relations in a certain trade side , then he will safeguard“ n“ a key soon, Give and manage the inconvenience of bringing. DES is a symmetrical encryption way that is adopted extensively at present, apply to the ele
49、ctronic fund in the banking and carry over( EFT) in the field mainly. (2)Non- symmetrical encryption. In non- symmetrical to encrypt system, key divide into each make key and a special-purpose key public, These two keys can be exchanged. Make use of this method to realize the basic course that the information exchanges as follows: Trade turn into one a pair of key and at one of them as making public to other trade make key public by sides at first by side; Have to go to and make public the trade square second( or other trade sides)ses of key use this key go on and deliv
