1、虚拟语气虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：条件状语从句 主 句与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be 用 were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或 should(were to) + 动词原形 would/should
2、/could/might + 动词原形例句：（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟
3、条件句的倒装是通过去掉 if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：Had I been （= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定
4、。例如：If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years ，things wouldnt be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.二、虚拟语气在
5、某些从句中的运用在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should 类”和“ 过去时态类”。（一）should 类这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should 可以省略。其具体运用体现在：1. 在 suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist 等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：He suggests that she should leave the h
6、ouse at once.The leader ordered that the task（should ） be finished as soon as possible.He proposed that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development.2. 与 suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist 等动词相对应的名词 suggestion，order，demand ，proposal 等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：The
7、general sent the order that the battle（should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.3. 在 It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural 等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：Its r
8、equested that we （should ）keep the stability of the society for the peoples peaceful life.It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.（二）过去时态类英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：He wished he had never bee
9、n involved in such affairs.I would rather you could teach me again.2. as if ，as though 引导的从句。如：The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.3. 由 if only （要是，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：If only I had passed the test！If only it stopped raining！4. It is（ab
10、out/high ） time 后的定语从句。如：It is time we went out for a walk.It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.三、虚拟语气的其它用法在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：Would you mind smoking here？May you be lucky！Long live the people of China！God save me.高中英语虚拟语气练习题二选择题1. If only he _quietly as
11、 the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get
12、 C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a gla
13、ss of water, it looks as if it_A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today-I had rather she _
14、 me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up had it been possible-Yes, but I _busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had take
15、n part in D. would take part in 11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would preventC. were
16、, prevent D. were, would have prevented 13. _hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work14. _today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leave B. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left15. Had you listened to the doctor
17、, you _all right nowA. are B. were C. would be D. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has come B. did come C. come D. had come17. He _busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had
18、 been, would have helped D. were, would have helped18. If it _for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbed D. hadnt been, could climb 19. Without electricity, human life _quite difficult todayA. is B. will beC. woul
19、d have beenD. would be20. -I am going to tell her the news-I would as soon you _her about it A. didnt tell B. dont tell C. hadnt tell D. wont tell21. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he _homeA. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay22. It was requested that the play _againA. should
20、put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on23. She insisted that a doctor _ immediatelyA. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent24. -Did you scold him for his carelessness-Yes, but _itA. Id rather not do B. Id rather not have done C. I should t do D. Id better not do25. If only I _my carA
21、. hadnt lost B. wouldnt lose C. didnt lose D. havent lost26. But for water, it _impossible to live in the earthA. is B. would C. were D. wouldnt be27. I would rather you _anything about it for the time beingA. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as t
22、hough he _ their own sonA. is B. were C. had been D. should be29. How the old people wish that they _young once moreA. were B. could become C. had been D. should be30. It is high time that we _ a meeting to discuss this problemA. hold B. held C. have held D. had held31. The thief closed his eyes _ h
23、e _dyingA. even if , was B. though, would be C. even, had been D. as if, were32. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concertA. had not B. did not have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have33. The chairman insisted that we _the question againA. will discus
24、s B. to discuss C. should discuss D. will be discussed34. He requested that the students _them get in cropsA. help B. to helpC. helped D. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rulesA. obeys B. Obey C. will obey D. would obey36. I wish I _here thenA. was B. had been C. were D.
25、 would be37. It is strange that he _back so earlyA. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come38. Mother suggested that I _my homework first before watching TVA. did B. do C. shall do D. have done39. My suggestion is that the meeting _off till nest SundayA. be put B. put C. should put D. had
26、been put40. He is talking so much about America as if he _ thereA. had been B. has been C. was D. been41. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before elevenA. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finishedC B D B C C C B A A D A B A C D B C D AD C C B A C B B A B D C C A B B D B A AC D C B C D D B C D B B A A A C D C
