1、第十一章 醛和酮习题答案 (最新版)1. 用系统命名法命名下列醛、酮。COCH32 CH(3)2(1) (2)CH32CH2CHCH3C2H5CHOH3C HHCH22CHO(3) CCH3C OHCH3H3C(4)CHOOHOCH3(5)COH3OCH3(6)CH3HCOH(7) HCOH3CH3Br(8)OHCH2CH2COCHO(9) O(10)解:(1) 2-甲基-3-戊酮 (2)4-甲基-2-乙基己醛 (3)反-4 己烯醛 (4)Z-3-甲基-2 庚烯-5-炔-4-酮 (5)3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲醛 (6)对甲氧基苯乙酮(7)反-2-甲基环己基甲醛 (8)3R-3-溴-2-丁酮(9
2、)3-甲酰基戊二醛 (10)螺4.5癸-8-酮2. 比较下列羰基化合物与HCN加成时的平衡常数K值大小。(1)Ph 2CO (2)PhCOCH 3 (3)Cl 3CHO (4)ClCH2CHO(5)PhCHO(6)CH 3CHO解:(1)(2)(5)(6)(4)(3)原因: HCN对羰基加成是亲核加成,能降低羰基碳原子上电子云密度的结构因素将会使K值增大,故K值顺序是:(6)(4)(3),而羰基碳原子的空间位阻愈小,则K 值增大,故K 值的顺序是:(1)(2)(5)(6) ,综合考虑:则 K值顺序是:(1)(2)(5)(6)(4)(3)。6. 完成下列反应式(对于有 2 种产物的请标明主次产物
3、)。CHO+H2N(1)HCCH+2CH2O(2)O NH+(3) ,O+(4) NH2OOHCN/OH-?H2O/H+?(5) O(CH3)2CuLiPhLi H2OH2O(6) PhMgBr C2H5MgBr H2O 2OPh O(7) OCH3 O+ EtO-(8)OO+ CHOEtO-(9)CH3CH2BrO(10) HOCH22OHl()OCH3+ H2Pd/C(1) OCH3H3CH3C(12) NaBH4(CH3)2COH3O+O(13) LiBH(sec-Bu)3 H3O+MgH3O+PhO(14)H2O ,HOAcO(15) + Br2 Ph PhO(16) +H2CPh3P
4、hCHO + HCO(17) H-O+ CH3O3HCH3O2Et40 (18)解: CHO+H2N(1) CHNHCCH+2CH2O(2) CCCH2OHOCH2ONH+(3) N ,O+(4) NH2O NOHOHCN/OH- H2O/H+(5) OCN OHCOHO(CH3)2CuLiPhLi H2OH2O(6)OCH3HOPh()() PhMgBr C2H5MgBr H2O 2OPhO(7) PhPh OC2H5PhOH() ()OCH3 O+ EtO-(8) O OOO+ CHOEtO-(9) OOCHOCH3CH2BrO(10) HOCH22OHl() COOCH2Br3COCH3
5、+ H2Pd/C(1) OCH3OCH3H3CH3C(12) NaBH4(C3)2COH3O+ CH3H3CH3C HOHO(13) LiBH(sec-Bu)3 H3O+ OHHMgH3O+PhO(14) CPhPhCH3CCH3OH2O ,HOAcO(15) + Br2 OBrPhPhO(16) +H2CPh3 PhPhCH2PhCHO + HCO(17) H- PhCH2O + HCONaO+ CH3O3HCH3O2Et40 (18) OO7. 鉴别下列化合物:1CH32COH2C3 CH3OCH232PhCH2O PhCOH3 CH32CHO COH3CCH3 CHOHH3CCH3 CH32Cl(3)解: CH3OCH23CH32COH2C3I2/NaOH()(1)PhCOH3PhCH2OI2/NaOH()(2)或PhCOH3PhCH2OAg(NH3)2+ ( + )CH32CHOCOH3CCH3CHOHH3CCH3 C32Cl(3) Ag(NH3)2+( +)I2/NaOH()()2,4-()12. 如何实现下列转变?O(1) CH22CHOCH22CHOCOH3(2)(3) O解:(1) 1)NaBH42)H+, -2OO 1) O32) H2/Zn CHOC1) O32) H2/Zn COH3(2) CHO OH-