1、1995-2017 英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字/答案校对版1995-2017 年英语专业八级改错真题及答案（文字/ 答案校对版）2017 年改错真题The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguishes human beings from animals. And it is the ability to communicate well which 1._distinguishes one individual from another.The fact is that apart from th
2、e basic necessities, one needs to be equipped with habits for good communication skills, thus this is 2._what will make one a happy and successful social being.In order to develop these habits, one needs to first acknowledgethe fact that they need to improve communication skills from time to time.Th
3、ey need to take stock of the way how they interact and the direction 3._in which their work and personal relations are going. The only constantin life is change, the more one accepts ones strengths and works 4._towards dealing with their shortcomings, specially in the area of 5._communication skills
4、, the better will be their interactions andthe more their social popularity.The dominated question that comes here is: How to improve 6._communication skills? The answer is simple. One can findplenty of literature on this. There are also experts, who conductworkshops and seminars based on communicat
5、ion skills of men and women. In fact, a large number of companies are bringing intrainers to regularly make sessions on the subject, in order to 7._help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations.Today effective communication skills have become a predominant factor even while recr
6、uiting employees. While interviewing candidates,most interviewers judge them on the basis of the skills they communicate with.They believe that some skills can be improvised on the job; but ability to 8._communicate well is important, as every employee becomes therepresenting face of the company.The
7、re are trainers, who specialized in delivering custom-made 9._programs on the subject. Through the sessions they not only facilitatebetter communication skills in the workplace, but also look into the problems in the manner of being able to convey messages effectively. 10._2016 年改错真题All social units
8、 develop a culture. Even in two-person relationships, a culture develops in time. In friendship and romantic relationships, 1._for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences, language patterns, habits, and customs give that relationship a special 2._charactera character that dif
9、fers it in various ways from 3._other relationships. Examples might include special dates, places, 1995-2017 英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字/答案校对版songs, or events that come to have a unique and important symbolic meaning for the two individuals. Thus, any 4._social unitwhether a relationship, group, organizat
10、ion, or societydevelops a culture with the passage of time. While the defining characteristics of each culture are unique, all cultures share certain same functions. The relationship between 5._communication and culture is a very complex intimate one. 6._Cultures are created through communication; t
11、hat is, communication isthe means of human interaction, through it cultural characteristics 7._are created and shared. It is not so much that individuals set out to create a culture when they interact in relationships, groups, organizations, or societies, but rather than that cultures are a natural
12、by-product of social interaction.8._In a sense, cultures are the “residue” of social communication. Without communication and communication media, it would be impossible tohave and pass along cultural characteristics from one place and time to 9._another. One can say, furthermore, that culture is cr
13、eated, shaped, 10._transmitted, and learned through communication.2015 年改错真题When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular show on ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round at the luxury of the 1. _rink, my friends mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had been given. I did not know
14、what she meant, and being proud of my 2._ vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush” was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation; that 3. _ much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4. _ started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they
15、certainly are plush, and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, arent they? My friends mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5. _ expression that I had not got the word quite right. Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughly means, and that
16、 is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6. _ new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7. _ own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should have asked for plush, and this is particularly true in the 8._aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually
17、 surrounded by 9_speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly, but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English. So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10. _1995-2017 英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字/答案校对版2014 年改错真题There is widespread consensus among sc
18、holars that second languageacquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s toearly 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions 1._have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: 2._Is it possible to acquire an additional language
19、 in thesame sense one acquires a first language? 3._What is the explanation for the fact adults have 4._more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?What motivates people to acquire additional languages?What is the role of the language teaching in the 5._acquisition of an add
20、itional language?What socio-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all 6._the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view
21、the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do 7._so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additional language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under 8._focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That
22、is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning 9._or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. 10._2013 年改错真题Psycho-linguistics is the name given
23、 to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding, production and remembering language, and hence are concerned 1._with listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language. One reason why we take the language for granted is that it us
24、ually 2._happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. 3._ Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, 4._you normally cannot help but understand it. 1995-2017 英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字/答案校对版It is only in exceptional circumstances we might become aware of 5._the
25、complexity involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it; if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has 6._influenced their language; if we observe a child acquire language; 7._if we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; or if we are visually impaired or hea
26、ring-impaired or if we meet anyone else 8._who is. As we shall see, all these examples of what might be called “language in exceptional circumstances” reveal a great deal about theprocesses evolved in speaking, listening, writing and reading. But 9._given that language processes were normally so aut
27、omatic, we also 10._need to carry out careful experiments to get at what is happening. 2012 年改错真题 The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least 1._the first century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century,
28、 many writers favored certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the 2._letter; the sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter 3._not the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who 4._wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 5._19th
29、 century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language was 6._entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible 7._ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must 8._be as literal as
30、 possible. This view culminated the statement of the 9._ extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Too often, writer, translator and reader were impli
31、citly identified with each other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. 10. _2011 年改错真题From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages 1._of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but
32、I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my 2._true nature and that soon or later I should have to settle down 3._and write books. I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, and I barely saw my father 4._before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was s
33、omewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which 5._made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had the lonely childs habit of making up stories and holding 1995-2017 英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字/答案校对版conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from the 6._very start my literal a
34、mbitions were mixed up with the feeling 7._of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I 8._felt that this created a sort of private world which I could get 9._my own back for my failure in everyday life. Therefore, the 10
35、._volume of serious i.e. seriously intended writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation. 2010 年改错真题So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally
36、complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say 1_the things their speakers want to say. 2_There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive 3_peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all g
37、roups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the 4_fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in 5_English, but this is not because the Eskimo
38、language (one of those sometimes miscalled primitive) is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect 6_in English, a show of unexpected primitiveness. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar 7_environment
39、s. The English language will be just as rich in terms 8_for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important. 9_Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject
40、of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos life. 10_For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a ho
41、st of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a
42、clarence?2009 年改错真题1995-2017 英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字/答案校对版The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference 1._between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse,learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed
43、 on again when the little listener 2._has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchild 3._The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years.With the playground lore, 4._therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the
44、 very hour it is 5._learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the same age, 6._or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or even just 7._for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over and over; very 8._possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live after so much 9._handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the
