1、1八年级上册语法专题之形容词副词的比较级与最高级形容词分为三种等级:原级 ,比较级与最高级。一、形容词的原级及用法形容词的原级(形容词本来面目不作变化)1.表示没有进行比较或进行同级比较2.可以修饰原级的词: very、quite、 enough(“足够”,用在形容词后)so pretty too how rather(相当) (not) asas (“(不)像一样”,同级比较 ) not soas (“不像一样”,同级比较)e.g. How happy we are! 我们多么高兴啊！This ruler is as long as that one. 这把尺子和那把一样长。 (变否定句)T
2、his ruler is not as/so long as that one. 二、形容词比较级最高级变化规则单音节词比较级在词尾加 er,最高级加 estcold colder coldest tall taller tallest high higher highest long longer longest以字母 e 结 尾的词只加 r 或 stnice nicer nicest late later latest fine finer finest 重读闭音节双写辅音字母再加 er 或 estbig bigger biggest hot hotter hottest wet wett
3、er wettest thin thinner thinnest redredder reddest fat fatter fattestsad sadder saddest以辅音字母+y 结尾的词把 y 变 i 再加 er 或 esteasy easier easiest early earlier earliestfunny funnier funniest happy happier happiestheavy heavier heaviest dirty dirtier dirtiest 多音节词、部分双音节词(特别是 ful 结尾及 v.+ed/ing 构成的形容词)及个别单音节词(
4、fun)在前面加 more 或 mostinteresting important difficult excitied tired2careful popular expensive boring fun不规则变化 little less least good / well better bestbad / ill / badly worse worst many / much more mostold older oldest (年龄大的,与 than 连用)old elder eldest(“年长的”, 只作定语不与 than 连用)far farther farthest (距离远)f
5、ar further furthest (除距离外,还指程度上更 进一步的)口诀：合二为一共三对, “坏、病”、 “两多”并“两好”； 一分为二有两个，一是“远来”、二是“老”； 还有一词含双义，只记 “少”来不记“小 ”。副词比较级和最高级的变化规则大致与此相同三、比较级用法比较级的基本用法及常用句型结构（1） 含义：两个人或事物之间的比较（2） 标志词：than （比 ） 可以修饰比较级的副词：much （得多） a little (一点儿)a lot （得多） a bit (一点儿)far （得多） even (甚至)still ( 仍然 ) rather (更)eg: Lesson O
6、ne is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。 Tom looks a little younger than before.汤姆比以前年轻一点。 She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。 比较级常用的句型结构 考点 1. “A+比较级+than+B”表示: “A 比 B”eg: Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。 I get up earlier than my mother every morning.我每天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。 考
7、点 2. “A+比较级+than+ any other+单数名词 ”，表示：“A 比其他任何一个都” ，（含义是: 同一范围内比较，甲最”。 ）eg:The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. =The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。 【注意：加 other (其它的 )，其功用为避免和本身做比较。The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。 】 考点 3
8、.“比较级+and+比较级” , 表示:“ 越来越” 。 eg: He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。 The story became more and more interesting. 这故事变得越来越有趣了。He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。3【注：多音节形容词或副词表示“越来越” 用： more and more +adj/adv 原级】 考点 4.“the+比较级，the+比较级”, 表示 :“越 ，越” 。 eg: The more, the better.
9、 越多越好。The more we get, the happier well be. 我们得到越多就越快乐。 考点 5.“特殊疑问词 + 比较级，A or B？” eg: Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？ Who draws better，Jenny or Danny ？ 谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？ 考点 6.”of + the +比较范围， + the +比较级”eg: Of the two Australian students, Masha is _ one.在两个澳大利亚人当中，玛莎比较高。最高级的基本用法及常用句
10、型结构 （1）用法：三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较。 in + 短语 （ 在之中）（2） 标志词： of + 短语 （ 在当中）考点. 主语 +the+最高级+in/of 短语” 表示: “是中最的”。 eg: Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。 This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。 I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。【注：形容词的最高级前通常加定冠词 the,
11、副词的最高级前定冠词 the 通常可以省略】 考点 “主语 +be +one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词 ，表示：“ 是中最之一”。 eg: Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。 考点. “特殊疑问词 +the+最高级 +甲，乙，or 丙？” 用于三者及以上的比较。 eg: Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？ Which season do you like (the) best，spring，su
12、mmer or autumn？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？【注意：两者之间用比较级；三者 (或以上)用最高级】形容词、副词的原级比较（1）用法：两者就同一事物进行比较。肯定句：as+形容词原形+as 表示：与.一样（2）句型结构否定句：not so/as+形容词原形 as 表示：.不如.eg: She is as tall as her sister. （她和她姐姐一样高。 ）He runs not so/as fast as his classmates. （他跑得不如他的同学们快。 ）Self-Check一、单项选择1.I feel tired, so I want to go
13、 to bed _ tonight.A.early B.earlier C.late D.later2.The food of our country is _ than that of western countries.A.rather good than B.much better thanC.more better than D.so goos as3.The ice in the lake is as _ as it was before.4A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest Dthe thinnest4.Who is _ running star in your
14、 school?A.famous B.more famous C.the most famous D.less famous5.Which season do you like _? Summer.A.good B.well C.the better D.best6.Lucys pen is _ nicer than yours.A.too B.more C.quite D.a little7.Is your brother as outgoing as you? No, hes a quiet boy. He is _.A.less outgoing than me B.not so cal
15、m as IC.more outgoing than me D.as outgoing as I8.How are you today? Much _.A.good B.well C.better D.the best9.Toms card is newer than _.A.our B.her C.my D.his10._ is more beautiful than roses.A. No other flower B. No another flower C. Not other flower D. Not all flowers11.Mary studies harder _ in h
16、er class.A. as any one B. than any other girl C. than the other D. than anyone二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.He is 3 times as _(old) as me. 2.Im too tired to go any _.(far)3.Who is _, Lily or Lucy? 4.Tom is the _(heavy) of the three.5.Tom is the _ of the two boys.6.Russia is _(large) than any other country in th
17、e world.7.His computer is the _(expensive) of all.8.You are pretty _(beautiful).9.The book is _(useful) than that one.10.Whos the _(healthy) , you, he or she?11.How _(small) the shirt is! I want a _ (big) one.12.You have _(short) and _(curly) hair than Susan.13.Is this street a lot _(noisy) than tha
18、t one?14.I feel much _(excited) now.15.Soccer is becoming _ and _ _(popalar) in China.16.My sister doesnt write as _(good) as I do.17.The _(much) you practice, the _ (good) your English will be.18.No other animal is _(scary) than a snake.19.Math is less _(difficult) than English. 20.What a _(funny)
19、boy!21.Youre _(bad) at sports than me.22.Its the third _ (long) river in China.三、句型转换1.I have a big bag. He has a small bag. (合并) My bag is _ than _.2.You are funny. Hes funny, too. (合并)You are _ funny _ him.3.Tom is thinner than Sam. (同义句)5=Sam is _ than Tom. =Sam isnt as _ as Tom.4.He and I are th
20、e same. We are quite boys. (合并) He is _ quite _ I.5.Theyre tall. Youre tall. too.But Im taller than anyone else. (合并)Im _ _ of all.【形容词比较级语法专项练习题】1. I think real cards are _ than e-cards. ( 2008 北京中考)A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest2. Lee came to Beijing in 2005. He has been here_than you. (
21、 2009 北京中考)A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest3. Which color do you like _, blue or green? ( 2010 北京中考)Blue. A. good B. better C. best D. the best4. I work hard this term, but Peter works much _.( 2012 北京中考)A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest5. Debbie is growing fast. She is even_ th
22、an her mother. ( 2013 北京中考) A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest6. Which season do you like _，winter or summer? ( 2014 北京中考)Summer.A. well B. better C. best D. the best7. His suit looks _ than the one I bought yesterday. (2013- 2014 石景山期末)A. good B. better C. best D. the best 8. I like Englis
23、h very much. I think its a little _than math. (2013- 2014 朝阳区期末)A. easy B. easier C. easiest D. the easiest9. Peter works hard on Chinese this term, but Alice works even _. ( 2013-2014 大兴一模) A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest10. I think skiing is _ than climbing. Thats why I like it.A. exci
24、ting B. more exciting C. most exciting D. the most exciting ( 2013-2014 形容词、副词（原级、比较级和最高级）练习A 部分I 用适当形式填空：1. Bob is _ (young) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred. 2. Ying Tian is not as _ (tall) as Yong Xian. 3. Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _ (fat) than before the holi
25、days, 4.Which is _ (heavy),a hen or a chicken? 5.- How _ (tall) is Sally?- She s 1.55 metres _ (tall). What about Xiaoling? She s only 1.40 metres _(tall). She is much _ (short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short) girl in the class. 6. He is _ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese
26、 and he is the _ (bad) at English. 7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world. 8. He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think. 9. A dictionary is much _ (expensive) than a story-book.10. An orange is a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _ (small) than a watermelon.611.
27、The Changjiang River is the _ (long) river in China.12. Sue is a little _ (beautiful) than her sister.13. My room is not as _ (big) as my brother s.14.-How difficult is physics? -I m not sure. - Is it _ (difficult) than maths? - I dont think so.15.Annie plays the piano very _ (well). Sue plays it _
28、(well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _ (well).16. Saturday is my _ (busy) day in a week.17. Her mother is getting _(fat) and _ (fat).18. I think its too expensive. Id like a _ (cheap) one.19. He comes to school much _ (early) than I. 20.This book is not as _ (interesting) as that one. 21. Your
29、classroom is _(wide) and _(bright) than ours. 22. Practise as _ (much) as you can. 23. The _ (much), the _ (good). 24. Nowadays English is _( important ) than any other subject, 1 think. 25. Most of the students think a lion is much _(dangerous) than a bear and it is the _ (dangerous) animal in the
30、world. III 完成句子：1 她看起来不如玛丽年轻。 She doesnt look _ _ _ Mary.2.杰克的父亲比母亲大一岁。Jacks father is _ _ _ than her mother.3.我们的教室比他们的明亮得多。Our classroom is _ _ than theirs.4.当心！这条路越来越危险。Look out! The mad is becoming _ and _ _.5.你喜欢哪种动物，猫还是狗？ Which animal do you like _, a cat or a dog?单项选择1.This box is_ that one.
31、A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as 2. When we speak to people, we should be _.A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possibly C. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly3. This book is_ that one, but_ than that one.A. as difficult as; expensive B. as more difficu
32、lt as; more expensiveC. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as expensive 4. I think the story is not so _ as that one. A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting 5. His father began to work_ he was seven years old. A. as old as B. as early as C. since D. w
33、hile6. I think science is _ than Japanese. A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important7. This pencil is_ than that one. A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long 8. My mother is no _ young. A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few 9. These children are _ this year than th
34、ey were last year.7A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller10. It was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today. A. even hotter B. more hotter C. much more hot D. much hot 11. Mrs. Black has got_ instead of getting any better.A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse1
35、2. When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with_ students.A. quite a few B. only a few C. few D. a few quite 13. The house is _ small for a family of six. A. much too B. too much C. very much D. so 14. Through the window we can see nothing but _ buildings.A. tall very many B. very many ta
36、ll C. very tall many D. many very tall 15. -Whats your brother like? -He is_. A. a driver B. very tall C. my friend D. at school 16. The jacket was so_ that he decided to buy it. A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheap17. Our classroom is_ larger than theirs. A. more B. quite C. very D. much18. The
37、earth is about_ as the moon. A. as fifty time big B. fifty times as big C. as big fifty times D. fifty as times big19. Your room is _ mine.A. twice as large than B. twice the size of C. bigger twice than D. as twice large as20. Your room is _ than mine.A. three time big B. three times big C. three t
38、imes bigger D. bigger three times21. His father is_ than his mother. ;A. older four years B. as four years older C. four years older D. bigger four years22. Maths is more popular than_.A. any other subject B. all the subjects C. any subject D. other subject23. China is larger than _ in Africa.A. any
39、 other country B. other countries C. the other country D. any country24. Tom is stronger than _ in his class. A. any other boy B. any boys C. any boy D. other boy25. When spring comes, it gets_.A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter26. By and by, _ students
40、 in our class came to like English. A. more and more B. much and much C. many and many D. less and least27. At last he began to cry _.A. hard and hard B. more hard and more hard C. harder and harder D. less hard and less harder28. When spring comes the days get _ and nights _.A. short; long B. long;
41、 short C. longer; shorter D. shorter; longer29. _ I look at the picture, _ I like it.A. The best; the more B. The more; the less C. The more; less D. More; the more 30. _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more inter
42、ested D. More; more interested 31. _ you come back, _ it will be.A. The quicker; the best B. The sooner; the better 8C. Faster; the better D. The sooner; better32. I like_ one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older33. Which is_ country, China or Japan? A. the large B. the la
43、rger C. larger D. largest 34. Of the two cups, he bought _. A. the smaller B. the smallest C. small D: smaller35. Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most 36. This work is _ for me than for you. A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult37. Which do you think tastes _, the chicken or the fish? A. good B. better C. best D. well 38. The book is _ of the two. A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest B 部分1.-Which is _ season in Beijing?-I think its autumn. A.good
