1、 语法专项六 连词一、连词的定义：连词是连接字、短语、从句与句子的词，是虚词，因此它不能独立担任句子成分。二、连词的分类：连词主要分为两大类 并列连词和从属连词。三、并列连词：并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句。它包括：and，or ，but，so ，for，bothand，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also ， as well as.(1)表并列关系的 and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, as well as (2)表选择关系的 or, eitheror (3)表转折关系的 but (4)表因果关
2、系的 for, so1、 and：和，并且（1）表示“和”、 “而且”的意思，用来连接对等关系的字和字，短语与短语，句子与句子。Eg: He got up and put on his hat. Eg: I went to the Summer Palace and he went to Bei Hai Park.（2）单词或词组如果是三个以上连接，一般在最后的单词或词组前加 and。另外“and”在译成中文时不一定要翻译出“和”Eg: Mary visited Beijing , Shanghai and Hong Kong.（3）and 用于祈使句中，句型：祈使句，and=If you，
3、youllEg: Use your head，and youll find a way.=If you use your head，youll find a way.Eg: Hurry up，and youll catch the bus.=If you hurry up，youll catch the bus.2、or：或，或者，否则（1）or 表示“或”的意思，用于两者之中选择一个。 Eg: Would you like coffee or tea？ （2）注意“A or B”作主语时，谓语动词随 or 后面的词（B）而定。Eg: Tom or I am right. Eg: Li Min
4、g or his classmates are cleaning the room.（3）用于祈使句中，句型：祈使句， or=If you dont， youll译成“ 请，否则”，有转折的意思。 Eg: Hurry up，or youll miss the bus.=If you dont hurry up，youll miss the bus.Eg: Study hard， or youll fail in the exam.=If you dont study hard，youll fail in the exam.3、but ： 但是，可是，而 （1）但是，而，可是。表示转折关系。 E
5、g: He is old，but he looks very young. （but 后面省略了主语 Li Li，因为与前面的主语成分相同）Eg: Mary likes violin， but Tom doesnt. （doesnt 后面省略了 like violin，因为与前面的成分相同）（2）在英文中，but 和 although 不能在一起使用。Eg: Although it was raining hard , but they went on working. (错) Eg: It was raining hard ,but they went on working.(对) Eg:
6、Although it was raining hard, they went on working.(对)4、 so， for （1）so：所以，因此，于是 Eg: My teacher asked me to go，so I went.（2）so 除了作连词外，也可以作副词。 Eg: I hope you can pass the exam. I hope so. Eg: Dont walk so fast.（3）for：因为 Eg: I soon went to sleep， for I was tired. Eg：The sun has risen ，for the birds are
7、 singing.5、bothand： 和，既也 （两者都） （1）bothand构成的词组作为主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Eg: Both Li Ming and Li Li are good students.（2）bothand 的否定句表示部分否定。 Eg:He cant play both the violin and the piano.（不全会）Eg: Both Li Ming and Li Li are not good students.（其中一个是好学生）6、eitheror 和 neithernor（1）eitheror ：或或 ；不是就是1）eitheror 构成的词组作
8、为主语时，谓语动词随其邻近的词，即 or 后面的词而定。 （就近原则）Eg: Either you or he is right. Eg：Either my sister or my mother comes.2）eitheror 的否定句是全否定。 Eg: Either you or he isnt right. 你和他都不对Eg: I dont want to visit either Tianjing or Shanghai.天津和上海我都不想参观。（2）neithernor ：既不也不1）构成的词组做主语时，谓语动词的用法和 eitheror 的用法一样，由 nor 后面的词而定。（就
9、近原则）Eg: Neither you nor I am right. Eg： Neither you nor he was selected for the job.2）neithernor 是全否定，因此不能再用否定式，即不能再加 not。 Eg:（ ）Neither You nor I am not right.7、not only but also：不但而且not onlybut also 构成的词组担任主语时，谓语动词随 but also 后面的部分而定。 （就近原则）Eg: Not only you but also your father is coming.Eg: Not on
10、ly the teacher but also the students were against the plan.8、as well as : 又、不但 而且（1）as well as 构成的词组担任主语时，谓语动词随前面的词而定。 （就远原则）eg: Jim as well as his parents joins in the party.（2）该句型可以和“not onlybut also”互换，not only A but also B = B as well as A ，前者强调的是 B, 在 not only之后，后者强调的也是 B，在 as well as 之前。翻译时，要先
11、翻译 as well as 后面的词。Eg: The child is not only healthy but also lively = The child is lively as well as healthy. 这孩子既健康又活泼。四、从属连词：从属连词用来引导从句，它包括： that， when，while , as, till， until， after， before， since， because，if， though，although ，sothat ，as soon as常见的从属连词有：1、 that：（1）that 引导名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语
12、从句）和定语从句，Eg: I think（that） he likes football.（2）如果主句的动词是 think， believe；如果主句的主语是第一人称，变为否定句时，要否定主句，译成中文时，则否定从句。 （否定前移） Eg: I believe you will leave here. Eg： I dont believe you will leave here.2、 when，while ，before, after , as soon as ，till, until , sincewhen， while， till， until， since， after， before
13、， as soon as 等是连接时间状语从句的连词。当主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时。（1）注意 while 所引导的从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的，不能用点动词。 （如 begin，stop）Eg： While I read, she sang. Eg: I entered the room while（when ） Li Ming was talking with her.（2）since 引导的是一个过去时的句子，说明自当时以来到现在（自从两年前以来） ，主句一般要用现在完成时。 Eg: I have learned more than two thousand English wor
14、ds since I began learning English two years ago.（3）till 和 until 若主句的动词是终止性动词，则要用否定式。Eg: I didnt go to sleep until（till）I finished my homework. Eg: We wont work until（till） our teacher teaches us how to do it.Eg: He stayed there till / until his mother came back.（4）Eg: When he arrives there, he will
15、call you.Eg: He came to China after the war was over.= The war was over before he came to China.Eg: As soon as I get the present, Ill tell you.3、because：因为，连接原因状语从句 （1）回答 Why 问句时，只能用 because，不能用 for 或 as.Eg: Why are you late？ Because I met a traffic accident on my way here.（2）汉语中，我们经常说因为所以，但在英文中有了 b
16、ecause，就不能再用 so。Eg: （）Because he was tired， so he couldnt walk there.4、if，though （although）（1）if：如果（引导条件从句） Eg: You can pass the exam if you study hard.（2）though，although：虽然（引导让步状语从句）和原因状语从句一样，如果用了 though，although （虽然）就不能再用 but（但是） 。Eg: Although（Though） I live near the sea， Im not a good swimmer.=I
17、live near the sea，but Im not a good swimmer.5、sothat：太以致若 that 后跟的从句是否定从句，可以与 tooto 互换。Eg: He is so old that he cant work. = He is too old to work.Eg: The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.=The box is too heavy for me to lift.Eg: The girl is so beautiful that everybody likes her.注意注意此句型与 tooto 的互换
18、。sothat 在肯定句中不能转换成 tooto。代词专项习题1. Going to the movies is good，_ I really only like listening to music. A. and B. but C. so D. or 2. The tomato is in fact a fruit，_ it is eaten as a vegetable. A. because B. if C. when D. although 3.Get up early， _ youll be late for school. A.so B.and C.or D.but 4._ m
19、y cousin is very young，_ she can help with the housework. A. Once；不填 B.Though； but C. Although；不填5. I will be very happy _ you come to my party. A. if B. though C. or 6. He had a bad cold，_ he kept on working as usualA. so B. but C though 7. What happened just now？ A car hit an old lady at the cross
20、ing. She was hurt，_ not badly. A. and B. or C. only D. but8. _ I live in a safe community，I still feel a little worried when I go out at night. A. Although B. Since C. Until 9. Be quiet，my kids，_ you will have to stay outside，because this is a library. A. and B. because C. or D. but 10. Be careful，_
21、 youllmake fewer mistakes in the exam. A. or B. but C. and 11. Rose，you are so thin. You should eat more，_ youll make yourself ill. A. or B. if C. and D. but 12. You wont pass the exam _ you dont work hard. OK，Ill do my best. A. and B. but C. if D. so 13. A: Do you like popular songs？B: Yes，I do._ I
22、m too busy to enjoy them. A. But B. So C. And 14. Work harder，_ you will not keep with others. A. and B. or C. so 15._ the winter in Harbin is rather cold，the city is still attractive to the visitors throughout the world. A. Although B. But C. So 16. Be quick，_ well be late for school. A. and B. but
23、 C. or D. so 17. Youd better take care，_you will hurt your eyes. A. so B. but C. or D. and 18. I hear Tom is leaving. _ why？A. And B. But C. Or D. So19. Hurry up， Tom，_ well be late for the film Dearest. A. or B. but C. and D. so 20. Leave the reference books behind，_ you wont be able to think indep
24、endently. A. or B. and C. so D. but 21. can help us travel around more easily. _ more and more people like using themA. Or B. So C.And D. But 22. It is raining hard，_ the farmers are still working in the field. So they are. A. and B. but C. so 23. Write down the telephone number，_ youll forget it. A
25、. or B. and C. so 24. Youd better wake up Tom at 6:30，_ he will be late for the match. A. if B. or C. and D. but 25. Hello，Joyce，you are busy. Can I give you a hand？ Thanks very much，_ I can manage. A. and B. or C. so D. but 26. Mike did something wrong, _ the headmaster is talking with him.A. so B.
26、 but C. and D. or27. Excuse me. Do you have a table for two?-Im sorry, _ there arent any seats now. Would you mind waiting for a while?A. but B. and C. or D. so28. Stop cutting trees, _ the earth will become worse and worse.A. and B. but C. or D. then29. Do you want to stay at home _ go shopping wit
27、h us?A. and B. but C. or D. so30. The song was _ old _ few young people could sing.A. enough; to B. so; that C. as; as D. too; to31. Mr. Brown knows little Japanese, _ he cant understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills.A. so B. or C. but D. for32. _the soldiers _the captain have been to
28、Greece before.A. Bothand B. Not onlybut also C. Neithernor D./.as well as33. _ my mother _ my sister watches football games these days.A. Either; nor B. Both; and C. Neither; nor D. Neither; or34. Mr. Smith is an English teacher _ will teach us English next term.A. or B. and C. but D. so35. I may li
29、ve _ in a hotel _ in a friends house.A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. between; and36. Im sorry, _ I cant help you with your homework. Youd better do it yourself.A. and B. but C. or D. then37. I think we should get this liquid crystal computer, _ it wont take up more space.A. but B. alth
30、ough C. because D. so38. Stop smoking, _ you will get better soon.A. and B. or C. that D. after39. We bought Mary a pair of sunglasses as her birthday present, _ she didnt like it.A. and B. but C. or D. so40. It was very late, _ the students still went on repairing their desks and chairs.A. and B. o
31、r C. so D. but41. Though we teachers have _ money _ time, we should still be responsible for the students.A. both; and B. neither; nor C. either; or D. not; but42. Surf the internet, _youll get the information that you need.A. and B. or C. but D. although43. Which of the two English dictionaries wil
32、l you buy?I will buy _ of them , so I can give one to my friend, Helen.A. either B. neither C. both D. all 44. _ Tom _ Mary is busy. Youd better play with others.A. Both, and B.Neither, nor C. Either, or D. Not only, but also45. We love spring _there are beautiful flowers everywhere.A. although B. b
33、ecause C. but D. or46. Mary ordered an MP3 player from internet _she could save a lot of time.A. so that B. though C. in order to D. as soon as47. Bob spends a lot of money on books_he is not rich.A. if B.though C. because D. but1-5BBCCA 6-10BCABA 11-15 ACABA 16-20 CBBAA 21-25 CBABA 26-30 DABDD31-35 ADCDA 36-40 BBBBA 41-45 BBACC 46-50 ABDBB 51-55 CABCD 56-60 CBCAB 61-65 CADAD
