江苏牛津版高一英语模块一Units13知识点及语法复习.doc

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1、高一英语模块一 Unit1-3 复习知识点汇总11. enjoy v.-adj. enjoyableenjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事=be fond of sth./doing sth.enjoy oneself(=have a good/great/wonderful time=have fun)(in) doing sth.2. experience n.-v. experience 体验,经历-adj. experienced 有经验的experience 不可数名词- 经验(后面常接介词 in 或 of 短语)可数名词经历 an experience /an excitin

2、g experience3. earn vt. 赚钱,谋生;博得,得到earn ones living/earn ones bread 谋生,维持生计4. respect vt. 尊敬;重视;注意 n. (不可数)尊重,尊敬;(可数)点;方面-adj. respectable 正派的,受人尊敬的;好的,令人满意的-adj. respected 受尊敬的,受敬重的-adj. respectful 有礼貌的,恭敬的 (of+N/to sb.) 反义 disrespectful-adj. respective 各自的(仅用于名词前)respected 多用于修饰人,它与 respectable 的区

3、别在于 respectable 表示受人尊敬的可能性,但未必被respected搭配用法:respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人in respect of sth. 关于,就 而言show respect for sb. 尊敬某人lose the respect of 失去对.的尊敬earn/win respect 赢得尊重5. devote vt.致力于;献身-adj. devoted 挚爱的(be devoted to sb.-n. devotion 挚爱,深爱;忠心devote oneself to 致力于,献身于;专心于sb. devote sth. to doin

4、g sth. 把献给;把专用于sb. devote sth. to sth. 用于be devoted to sth/doing sth. 把时间(钱、精力等)献给( 做)某事6. average n.平均数;平均水平;一般标准adj.中等的;普通的;平常的LV.平均为on (an / the) average 平均,按平均计算;一般说来;通常above/below average 平均水平之上 /下7. challenge n. 挑战;怀疑, 质问;艰巨的任务;难题-vt. 挑战;质疑 ;邀请某人比赛-adj. challenging 具有挑战性的-n. challenger 挑战者the

5、challenge of doing sth.的挑战face/accept/take on a challenge 面对/接受挑战meet/rise to a challenge 迎接挑战challenge for sth. 挑战某物challenge sb. to do sth.质疑某人做某事8. encouragement n.鼓励,促进-v. encourage 鼓励,激励反义:discourage v.使泄气;劝阻-n. courage 勇气;胆量;勇敢-adj. encouraging 令人鼓舞的,振奋人心的encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事discou

6、rage sb. from doing sth. 劝某人不要做某事/ 劝阻某人做某事have courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事9. for free 免费的free from 不受的影响;没有的;摆脱free of charge/tax/duty/rent 免费/ 免税/免税/ 免租金free to do 自由地做某事free adj.免费的;自由的-v. 释放;使自由;解脱,使摆脱;解救;解除高一英语模块一 Unit1-3 复习知识点汇总2-adv. freely 自由地,不受限制地;畅通地 -n. freedom 自由;自主10. look back on/upon st

7、h. 回忆,回顾look back on/upon the past 回首过去look back on/upon those years 回首那些年look into 调查;观察look on 旁观;认为,视为look out 注意,小心;注意看look up 查找;好转;向上看;尊敬;拜访look down on/upon 轻视,看不起look through 浏览;仔细查看;视而不见look after 照顾;照看look for 寻找look forward to (doing sth.) 期待,盼望look about 四处查看;考察事态(1) As look back upon th

8、ose years,I am struck by Annies wisdom.(2) Ive been looking into this matter this afternoon.(3) Two men were fighting. The rest were looking on.(4) When youre eating fish,look out for bones.(5) Weve been looking out for a new house,but the ones weve seen are all too expensive.(6) Look up the word in

9、 the dictionary(7) I want to look my uncle up sometime.(8) She looked through her notes before the examination.11. satisfaction n.满意v. satisfy 使某人满意;满足要求等;符合标准等-adj. satisfied 满意的,满足的 反义: dissatisfied-adj. satisfying 令人高兴的,令人满意的 反义: unsatisfying,物体,做主语,一般很少用-adj. satisfactory 满意的,够好的,反义: unsatisfact

10、ory,常用,表示事物本身具有的特点等be satisfied with sb./sth.对感到满意with/in satisfaction 满足地,满意地to sb.s satisfaction 使某人满意express satisfaction with/at sth.对表示满意give sb. the satisfaction of doing sth. 使某人得到做某事的满足感get/gain satisfaction from sth.从某事物中得到满足感12.exchange v.交换,交流,兑换,更换exchange sth. for sth.用某物换某物exchange sth

11、. with sb. 同某人交换 /交流某物in exchange for 交换13. What islike?用于提问某人或某物的情况怎么样。其中 like 为介词既可以用于提问某人的长相怎么样,又可以提问某人的性情、品质等。What does sb. look like? 仅用于提问某人的长相怎么样。What does sb. like? 用于提问某人喜欢什么。其中 like 为动词What do you think of sb.?问的是一个人的品行。What do you think of sth.?=How do you find/like sth.?询问看法,表示“觉得怎么样?”14

12、. 动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。有时用 it 作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。常用的句型有:It is a waste doing sth.做是浪费高一英语模块一 Unit1-3 复习知识点汇总3It is no good/use doing sth.做没好处/ 用途It is worthwhile doing sth.做 是值得的There is no sense in doing sth.做没道理There is no point in doing sth.做没有意义There is no use/good in doing sth. 做没好处/ 用途There is nothing wo

13、rse than doing sth.没有比更糟的15. attend vt.出席,参加;上学;到场;(医生、护士等)照料,关心-n. attendance 出席人数,出席,参加-n. attendant 服务员,随从-n. attention 注意,留心;照顾attend class 上课attend school 上学attend a meeting 参加会议attend to 处理(生意或个人事务);照料;注意倾听;专心于attend to the matter 处理事情attend,take part in, join, join in 辨析四者均有“参加” 之意。Attend 指出席

14、或参加会议、音乐会、婚礼、宴会等,也可指听课、听报告等。Take part in 多指带着责任心参加大型活动,并在其中起一定的作用,如体育、比赛、游戏、讨论、战斗等Join 指加入团体、组织等,并成为其中的一员,如参军、入团、入党等Join in 强调参加正在进行的活动,如比赛、娱乐、谈话等Join sb. in sth. 和某人一起做某事16. the best way to do sth. the way to do sth.做某事的方法the way of doing sth. 做某事的方法all the way 一路上;从头至尾by the way 在路旁;顺便说by way of 经

15、由;通过 的方法in a way 在某种程度上;有几分,稍微in no way 一点也不,决不no way 绝不可能in the way 挡道;妨碍某人on the way to (doing sth.) 在去往的路上;正在走向;快要成为 17. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事be/get used to sth/doing sth. 习惯于(做)某事be used to do sth. 被用来做某事be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事be used as sth.用作18. fun n.(不可数)娱乐,玩笑,有趣 ,有趣的人或事-adj. funnyfo

16、r fun 开玩笑地;为了好玩have fun (doing sth.) 玩得开心what fun 多么开心make fun of 嘲笑;取笑it is fun to do sth. 做什么事有趣的sth. is fun.19. 疑问词+ 动词不定式 结构常跟在动词 ask, know, consider, explain, decide, wonder, understand, learn 等后面作宾语高一英语模块一 Unit1-3 复习知识点汇总4I dont not what to do next.=I dont know what I shall do next.20. prepare

17、 v.准备;筹备;把.准备好adj. prepared 有准备的,准备好的(不放在名词前)-n. preparation 预备,准备 复数:准备工作,筹备工作-adj. prepared 有准备的 反义:unprepared 无准备的prepare sth.准备某事prepare to do sth.准备做某事prepare sb. to do sth.为某人做某事做好准备prepare for sth.为某事做准备prepare sth. for sth.为某事准备某物sb. be prepared to do sth.某人有能力且愿意做某事do sth. in preparation fo

18、r sth.为准备某事而做某事make preparations for sth.为 做准备工作in preparation 在准备中21. though/although 连词,引导让步状语从句,主句不能与 but 连用,但可与 yet, still 等连用though 还可作副词,一般放在句末,而且前面多用逗号隔开,although 无此用法。Our team lost. We did a good job, though. 尽管我们表现不错,但我们队还是输了。22. miss vt. 思念,怀念;逃过,避开;没赶上; 未击中,未抓住;遗漏miss 是非延续性动词,没有进行时-adj. m

19、issing 丢失的;缺少的miss doing sth. 没能做成某事miss out 漏掉,省略miss the chance 错过机会23. former adj./n. 以前的(放在名词前 ) /前者 反义:latter adj./n. 后者的/ 两者中的后者previous adj. 以前的;先前的 指的是按时间和次序在某事物之前the previous day 前一天previous to 在某事物以前24. donate vt. 捐赠,赠送-n. donation 捐赠物donate sth. to sb./sth. 赠送,捐赠给某人 /某组织donate blood 献血25.

20、 kindness n. 善意,友好,和蔼,好意,体贴-adj. kind 善良的,友好的 反义词:unkind 不仁慈的,不和善的、26. need 的用法归纳:A用作情态动词,主要用于疑问句、条件句或否定句中,没有时态变化,后接动词原形B用作实义动词, need to do sth/need sb. to do sth.C. 及物动词,sth. needs doing=need to be done( 主动表被动)27. more than A.用于比较级,比更(多、大等)B. 表示超过,多于,相当于 overC. 表示 岂止是,不仅是;非常,十分D表示 非能力所及,其后跟从句,从句中用

21、can/couldThis is more than I can understand. 这是我所不能理解的。28. whetheror引导让步状语从句whether conj. 是否;不管 还是 .(用于引导让步状语从句)高一英语模块一 Unit1-3 复习知识点汇总5whether 与 if类别 说明A.句中有 or not 时I wonder whether Ill catch the last bus or not.B.引导主语、表语、同位语从句时Whether it is true remains a question.C.作介词宾语时It depends on whether he

22、s ready or not.只能用 whether, 不能用 ifD.放在不定式之前,与不定式组成词组时Please tell us whether to go or stay.A. 若有“假如” 之意,引导条件状语从句时If it rains tomorrow, the meeting will be put off.只能用 if, 不能用 whetherB. 当引导一个否定的宾语从句时I dont care if she is ten years older than me.whether 与 if 可互换用 作“是否”讲,引导绝大部分宾语从句时They asked if/whether

23、 we would like to go.29. Upon finishing his studies,一完成学业 upon 是介词作状语 A. Upon/On doing 一就 =as soon as/immediately/the moment/the second/the minute/directly/instantly/hardlywhen/no soonerthanB. Upon/On+名词,表示动作刚发生或完成Upon/On his arrival, he went straight to the headmaster. 他一到达就直接到校长那儿去了。30. develop v.

24、培养,养成,产生;发展;开发;冲洗(交卷)-adj. developing 发展中的-adj. developed 发达的 反义:undeveloped 不发达的,落后的;(土地)未开发的-n. development 发展 with the development of 随着的发展31. inform vt.告诉,通知 -n. information 消息,情报,资料(不可数)-adj. informal 非正式的 反义:fomal-adj. informed 消息灵通的,见多识广的keep sb. informed 告知某人Inform sb.+疑问词(how) +to do sth.通知

25、某人如何做某事inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事32. run v. 管理;经营;开动机器等;跑;run a school 办学校run after 追逐;追求run into 陷入;碰见run across 无意间碰到(sb.) run out of 用完,结束 (sth run out 无被动 )run away 逃走,离家run away from 逃避;携而逃走33. approve v. 赞同,赞许;批准,核准,认可 反义:disapprove 不赞同,反对-n. approval 赞同,赞许, 同意;批准,认可 反义:disapproval 不赞同,反对高一英语模块

26、一 Unit1-3 复习知识点汇总6-adj. approved (用于名词前) 认可的,核准的-adj. approving 赞许的,赞同的 反义:disapprovingapprove of sth.赞成/同意某事approve of sb. doing sth.同意某人做某事be approved for 被批准用于34. charge n.负责,掌管 v. 充电;收费,要价;指控,控告-adj. chargeable 可以控诉的; 可充电的-adj. charged 充满感情的;(气氛)紧张的take charge 接管take charge of 接管chargefor 收费,要价c

27、harge $ 10 for a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡要价十美元(sth.) be in/under the charge of 在某人的掌管下,由某人经营/ 照顾,表被动sb. be in charge of 掌管,管理,照顾, 表主动charge sb. with sth 指控某人某事charge sth. with 使某事物充满 (情感)be charged with 充满charge sth. 将充电 charge sb with doing sth 命令某人做某事for free = free of charge = without payment 免费at ones

28、 own charge / expense 自费35. event n.(重要)事件;社交活动;比赛项目in any event 不管怎样,无论如何at all events 不管怎样,无论如何 in the event 到头来,结果in that event 如果那样的话in the event of 万一发生 的话event, matter, affair 辨析A. event 通常指具有很大影响、意义重大的事件或运动会的比赛项目 B. matter 意为“ 麻烦、毛病、问题”,通常指要注意的事情,也可以表示“物质”C. affair 是一个比较正式的词,指已经发生或必须去做的事情,通常用

29、复数形式,指“事务,事态” 如 the world affairs36. present v. 赠送;提交,交出;出席,出现 n. 礼物=gift adj.出席的,到场的(作定语时必须后置)反义:absent 缺席的,不在场的-adv. presently 不久,马上,很快,一会儿=soon; (美) 现在,目前=now-n. presence 出席,到场,出现 反义:absence 缺席, 缺乏,没有-adj. presentable 像样的,体面的,拿得出手的-n. presentation 授予,颁发;报告, (新产品的)介绍;(观点的)陈述,说明;呈现at present 现在,目前f

30、or the present 就目前来说,暂时up to the present 直到现在,至今make a present of sth. to sb. 把某物赠送给某人37. compare v. 比较,对比-n. comparison 比较-adj. comparable(在数量、大小、质量等方面)类似的,相当的;可比较的高一英语模块一 Unit1-3 复习知识点汇总7-adj. comparative 相比之下的, 相比而言的, 相对的 n. 比较级形式compareto把比作comparewith把与进行比较compared with/to和比较,常用于句首或句尾,且作状语beyon

31、d/without comparison 无与伦比by comparison 比较起来in comparison 与比较38. the+比较级,the+比较级 越,越39. choose v. (chose, chosen)挑选,选择-n. choice 选择,选择权choose to do sth. 选择/决定/ 宁愿/愿意做某事choose sb./sth. to do sth. 选择某人/某事做某事choose sb./sth. as sth.选择作为choose from sth.从选择cant choose but do 不得不做某事have no choice but to do

32、sth.别无选择做某事do nothing but do sth. 除做之外什么也不做40. order n.次序,顺序;订购;点菜;命令,指示 v. 命令,指示;订购;点菜in order 整齐,有条理out of order 出了故障;次序紊乱,不按顺序in order to/that 为了,目的在于order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事order that (should) do 宾语从句+(should) do类似用法:当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为 should 动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名

33、词常见的有:advice,insist , suggest/suggestion,propose /proposal,order , demand,desire,request,require/requirement,recommend /recommendation , aim , wish , necessity , preference , motion , plan,idea,resolution 等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。He insisted that he (should) be

34、 sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。注意:如 suggest, insist 不表示 “建议 “ 或 “坚持要某人做某事时 “,即它们用于其本意 “暗示、表明 “、 “坚持认为 “时,宾语从句用陈述语气 。判断: (错) You pale face suggests that you(should )be ill.(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.(错) I insisted that you(should)be wrong.(对) I insisted that you were wrong.41. regret v. (reg

35、retted, regretting)遗憾;后悔做了某事;对 感到遗憾-adj. regretful 后悔的,遗憾的-adj. regrettable 令人懊恼的,可惜的,令人遗憾的regret to say/to tell you/ to inform you/that 表示所后悔、遗憾的事情还没有发生regret +n./doing sth./that 从句 后悔,因做某事而遗憾、惋惜等regret not doing sth 不后悔做过的事情regret not having done sth类似结构:高一英语模块一 Unit1-3 复习知识点汇总8remember/forget to

36、do sth.记得 /忘了去做某事 remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘了做过某事mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着try to do sth.努力做某事 try doing sth. 试试做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事go on to do sth. 继续做另外一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事cant help to do sth.不能帮忙做某事 cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事42. require v. 要求,需要-

37、n. requirement 要求,需要的事物(一般复数)require sth. 需要require doing sth.=require to be done(主动形式表被动含义 ) 某物需要被做(类似的词:need,want)be required to do sth. 规定做某事require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事require that sb. (should) do sth.require sth. of sb. 要求某人做某事43. sothat引导结果状语从句, “如此以至于”即 so+adj./adv. that 从句so that 引导目的状语从句,

38、表示“为了,以便”,从句常使用 can, could, may, might, will, would, should 等情态动词或助动词; 引导结果状语从句,从句中一般不用 can, may 等词。sothat 与 suchthat区别: 意思相同但固定搭配不同so+adj./adv.+that 从句such a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that 从句= so+adj.+ a/an+可数名词单数 +that 从句such +adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数 +that 从句The play was so interesting that I went to see it severa

39、l times.= This was such an interesting that I went to see it several times.= This was so interesting a play that I went to see it several times.这个话剧十分有趣,所以我去看过好多次。注意:名词由 many, much, few, little 修饰时,只能用 sothat结构。44. act n. (戏剧)幕;行为,举动 vt. 行为,表现-n. action 行动, 活动-n. actor 演员(尤指男演员)-n. actress . 女演员-adj

40、. active 活泼的 , 活跃的; 积极的; 主动的 反义:inactiveact as 担任职务act for 代理act on 对起作用,对有效take action to do sth.采取行动做某事take an active part in 积极参与be active in doing sth.积极做某事45. be supposed to(to do sth.)理应/ 应该做某事;被认为,被看做是46. tolerate vt. 忍受;默许;允许=stand/bear-n. toleration 容忍精神,宽容态度-adj. tolerant 宽容的,容忍的 反义:intole

41、rant -n. tolerance 容忍,宽容tolerate doing sth. 允许做某事47. frightened adj. 受惊的;害怕的=scared高一英语模块一 Unit1-3 复习知识点汇总9-v. frighten 使害怕,使惊吓=scare-adj. frightening 令人害怕的,吓人的 =scarybe frightened to do sth.害怕做某事be frightened of sth./doing sth.frighten sb. to death 把某人吓的要死frighten sb away 吓走某人frighten sb/sth. off 吓

42、走,吓跑frighten sb into doing sth.把某人吓得做某事48. starve v. 挨饿;渴望-n. starvation 挨饿,饥饿,饿死-adj. starving 挨饿的starve for 渴望;急需starve to death 饿死 49. be at fault 有错,要对错误负责find fault with 挑剔;找茬,吹毛求疵Its your fault to make such a mistake. 犯这样的错误是你的过失。50. defend v. 辩护,辩解;防卫,保护-n. defence 保护,防护-n. defender 保护者;防守队员,

43、后卫-n. defendant 被告defend against 防卫;抵抗defend with 用防卫defend from 防卫 以免于defend sb. against/from sb/sth.针对为辩解; 保护某人/物免受伤害51. deserve v. 值得;应得;应受-adj. deserved 应得的,理所当然的-adj. deserving 应得的,值得的(尤指经济上的支持)deserve to sth. 理应做某事deserve+名词 deserve doing sth.= deserve to be doneHe deserves punishment.=He dese

44、rves punishing.=He deserves to be punished.deserve well/ill of应/不应受到deservefor 为值得做某事deservefrom 应从受到52. upset adj.感到不适的;心烦意乱的 v. (upset, upsetting) 打翻;倾覆;使心烦意乱be upset with sb 对某人不快be upset by/at/about 对某事感到烦恼upset stomach 肠胃不适53. emergency n.(可数) 突发事件;紧急情况- n. emergence 出现,显现;发生;露头(of )- adj. emer

45、gent 紧急的,浮现的,突然出现的;新出现的(仅用于名词前)- vi. emerge 出现; 显出; 暴露(问题. 意见等) emerge from ( =appear, become known ) 54. explanation n.(可数) 解释,说明- v. explain 解释,说明explain sth. to sb.= explain sb. sth. 向某人解释某事的理由55. be hard on sb./sth.=be strict with sb. in sth.对某人某人严厉高一英语模块一 Unit1-3 复习知识点汇总1056. now that 既然,由于,引导原

46、因状语从句=because of the fact that=since57. turn 短语turn ones back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃by turns 轮换地in turn (=successively; in order) 依次do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事turn against 转而反对,背叛turn around / round 转身,转过来turn on 打开(灯,气

47、,水,电器等)turn off 关掉(灯,气,水,电器等) turn up 把音量开大,卷起,翻起,发生,出现,到达turn down 关小/调低(音量热度) ,拒绝turn over 把翻过来,翻动,犁翻(土地) ,细想turn in 交进,上缴,归还turn into 变成turninto 把变成,转变成turn to 转向,向求助,查阅turn out 结果是,生产 turn out to be 被证明是 , 结果是turn right / left 向右/向左拐turn writer = become a writer 成为作家58. take a vacation 休假 (vacat

48、ion 无复数形式)the summer/winter vacation 暑/寒假on vacation/holiday 在度假59. expect vt. 认为;期待-n. expectation 预料,预期,期待-n. expectancy 期待,期望-adj. expectant 期待的(一般用于名词前)expect to do sth. 预计做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事expect that+从句I expect/think/believe/suppose so.I dont expect/think/believe/suppose so.(否定转移)60. cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要做某事61. surprise vt. 使惊奇 n. 意想不到的事-adj. surprised 感到奇怪的(人之情感)-adj. surprising 令人吃惊的(物之性质)to ones surprise 让人吃惊的是in surprise 吃惊地be surprised at/to do sth. 对感到吃惊62. do with 处理 用于特殊疑问句时,

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