1、 中考定语从句精讲一、定语从句的概念 （参照行知先下 P118 127）在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括 that, which, who(宾格 whom,所有格 whose)等,关系副词包 where, when, why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。关系词的三个作业： 1.引导定语从句 2.代替先行词 3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修
2、饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。1. The students (who dont study hard) will not pass the exam.先行词 定语从句主句: The students will not pass the exam2. The woman (who you saw in the park) is our English teacher.先行词 定语从句主句: The woman is our English teacher3. A shoe shop is a shop (which sells shoes).主句：A shoe sh
3、op is a shop.从句的主语：which4. The book (that you want) is on the desk.主句：The book is on the desk从句的主语:you 从句的宾语：that引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有 that, which,who whom 等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。The man (that/who told us a funny story) is in the next room.主语I lost the book( that/which ) you gave me).宾语三、定
4、语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that 作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色
5、的。(that 作宾语) 2.which 用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. (作宾语) which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) Is this the library from which you borrow books?3.who, whom 用于指
6、人,who 用作主语,whom 用作宾语。在口语中 ,有时可用 who 代替whom, 也可省略。例如: 1.）who 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.（做宾语）A person who steals things is called a thief.（做主语）The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is tal
7、king to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 2.）whom 指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省 ) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which 可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me
8、 from whom you borrowed the English novel. (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如 : The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 (4)关系词只能用 that 的情况 : a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时 ,
9、只能用 that,而不用 which.例如 : He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one 等不定代词时,只能用 that,而不用 which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? c.先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, litt
10、le, few 等词修饰时,只能用 that,而不用 which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用 that, 而不用 which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用 that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭
11、泣的那个女孩是谁? f.主句是 there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用 that,而不用 which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 (5)关系词只能用 which,而不用 that 的情况: a.先行词为 that, those 时,用 which, 而不用 that.例如: Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用 which,而不用 that.例如: This is the room in wh
12、ich he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句,用 which, 而不用 that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。who, whom 指人,who 作主语,whom 作宾语。that, which, whom 在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1) A plane is a machine _ can fly.2) The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3) Th
13、e students _ dont study hardwill not pass the exam.4) The woman _ you saw in the park is our English teacher.5） The house _ we live in is very old.6） Those are the shoes _ I lost last week.7） That is the man _ found my handbag.8） Lucy cant eat food _ has chocolate in it.9） The car _ my uncle bought
14、last month is very beautiful.五、关系副词的用法 (1)when 指时间,其先行词表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于 “介词+ 关系代词（which） ”。例如: This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league=on which(2)where 指地点,其先行词表示地点,定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which） ”。例如: This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 Th
15、is is the house where I lived two years ago=In which(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于 “介词 for+ 关系代词（which） ”。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 Do you know the reason why she was late？I.单项填空。 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father? -Yes, hes ou
16、r headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bough
17、t it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that of which. 8. The
18、 girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was 9. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in . 用适当的关系代词
19、that, which, who, whom 填空。 1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west. 3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The house _we live in is very old. 5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now?
