1、1定语从句定语从句（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一 名词 或 代词 的从句叫做定语从句。定 语 定 语 用 来 限 定 、 修 饰 名 词 或 代 词 的 ， 是 对 名 词 或 代 词 起 修 饰 、 限 定 作 用 的 词 、 短 语 （ 动 词 不 定 式短 语 、 动 名 词 短 语 和 分 词 短 语 ） 或 句 子 ， 汉 语 中 常 用 的 表 示 。 主 要 由 形 容 词 担 任 ， 此 外 ，名 词 ， 代 词 ， 数 词 ， 分 词 ， 副 词 ， 不 定 式 以 及 介 词 短 语 也 可 以 来 担 任 ， 也 可 以 由 一 个 句 子 来 担 任 。 单词 作
2、定 语 时 通 常 放 在 它 所 修 饰 的 词 之 前 ， 作 前 置 定 语 。 短 语 和 从 句 作 定 语 时 则 放 在 所 修 饰 的 词 之 后 ， 作后 置 定 语 。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词 that, which, who(宾
3、格 who, 所有格 whose)和关系副词 where, when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代
4、词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语
5、或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语 )5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom
6、 whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?注：that 用法(1)不 用 that 的 情 况 (a) 在 引 导 非 限 定 性 定 语 从 句 时 。 (错 )The tree, that is four hundred ye
7、ars old, is very famous here. (b) 介 词 后 不 能 用 ； 在“ such (the same) . as .“ 句型中,关系代词要用 as, 而不用 which.We need such materials as (not which) can bear high temperature2We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只 能 用 that 作 为 定 语 从 句 的 关
8、系 代 词 的 情 况 (a) 在 there be 句 型 中 ， 只 用 that， 不 用 which。 (b) 在 不 定 代 词 ， 如 ： anything, nothing, the one, all 等 作 先 行 词 时 ， 只 用 that， 不 用 which。 (c) 先 行 词 有 the only, the very（恰恰，正好）, any. few. little. no. all, the last,just 修 饰 时 ， 只 用that。 (d) 先 行 词 为 序 数 词 、 数 词 、 形 容 词 最 高 级 时 ， 只 用 that,不 能 用 whi
9、ch。 . (e) 先 行 词 既 有 人 ， 又 有 物 时 。 (f) 先 行 词 指 物 ， 在 主 句 中 作 表 语 时 (g) 为 了 避 免 重 复 (h)先 行 词 是 the way 或 the reason 时 ， that 可 作 关 系 副 词 ， 也 可 省 略 (i) 主 句 的 主 语 是 疑 问 词 who /which 时 举 例 ： Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 这 是 你 在 图 书 馆 借 的 那 本 书 吗 ？ Who that break the window should be
10、 punished 谁 打 碎 了 窗 户 都 要 受 到 惩 罚 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所 需 的 只 是 供 油 问 题 。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那 贼 最 终 把 偷 的 全 部 东 西 交 给 了 警 察 。 （三）、关系副词引导定语从句关 系 副 词 关 系 副 词 ： 在 句 中 作 状 语 关 系 副 词 =介 词 +关 系 代 词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . wh
11、ich (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 2. when 引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (
12、2) The time when we got together finally came.注表示时间“time“一词的定语从句只用 when 引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用 that 引导。 By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。 I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。 Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a
13、 lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。 3. why 指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he re
14、fused the invitation is not clear, 3(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 2）that 前不能有介词。 3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词“ 结构可以同关系副词 when ,where 和 why 互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the h
15、ouse where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late. 1. The house _ we live is not big.A. in that B. Which C. in which D. that2. He tal
16、ked about the lectures and schools _ he had visited.A. that B. Which C. who D. whom3. The scientist the teacher is talking _ is leaving for Beijing.A. to him B. Whom C. to D. to that4. I who _ your teacher, will teach Marxism as a truth to you.A. is B. Are C. were D. am5. _ they could do was to work
17、 hard.A. All B. All what C. All which D. That6. Do you know the reason _ he didnt come?A. that B. which C. for D. why7. The room _ windows face south is his.A. that B. which C. whose D. whos8. The park, _ we visited yesterday, is very nice.A. where B. which C. that D. when9. The park, _ we met with
18、him, is very nice.A. where B. which C. that D. when10. The first time _ I saw her was in 1989.A. when B. which C. that D. as11. Pay attention to all _ I do.A. which B. in which C. what D. that12. Ive read all the books _ you gave me.A. which B. them C. what D. that13. Is there anything _ I can do fo
19、r you?A. what B. which C. that D. it14. The woman _ child had fallen ill was a doctor.A. who B. her C. whose D. /15. The pen _ Im using _ is hers.A. which; it B. that; it C. it; / D. /16. I have the same trouble _ you have.A. that B. which C. as D. what17. Its the very book _ I want to find.A. which
20、 B. that C. it D. so18. He is the only one of the boys who _ English for four years.A. has learnt B. have learnt C. learn D. learning19. This is one of the books _ worth reading.A. that is B. which are C. it was D. they are been20. This is the best film _ been shown this year.A. which has B. which h
21、ave C. that has D. that have21. This is the largest clock in the world, the minute have _ is six minutes long.A. where B. of which C. that D. of that22. Can you tell me the reason _ you didnt come for yesterday?A. why B. how C. which D. what23. Do you still remember the day _ we spent together last
22、month?A. that B. in which C. when D. where24. Oct. 1, 1949 was the day _ the New China was founded.A. that B. in which C. when D. where25. Which/Who of them _ knows something about English doesnt know this word?A. which B. who C. that D. as26. _ we all know, he is a good man.A. Which B. Who C. That
23、D. As27. Ive never seen such a lazy boy _ you are.A. which B. who C. that D. as28. There were many great leaders in the history _ Abraham Lincoln was the greatest one.A. in which B. in whom C. of which D. of whom29. I bought a new dictionary, _ is very beautiful.A. whose the cover B. of which cover
24、4C. the cover of which D. which cover30. They have planted many trees, one third of _ are pine trees.A. them B. whose C. which D. that31. That is my office, _ face the south.A. its windows B. the windows C. the windows of it D. the windows of which32. Hes given us a lot of information, _ is valuable
25、.A. little of it B. Little of which C. a little D. much of them33. He has two sons, _ is a collage student.A. who B. both of whom C. neither of whom D. neither34. There are forty-five students in our class, _ is only fifteen.A. the youngest of whom B. the oldest of themC. one of them D. the tallest3
26、5. He has published two books, _ Ive completely forgotten.A. their names B. the names of whichC. the names of them D. what names of which36. He has several friends, the most devoted _ is Henry.A. friend B. one of themC. of them D. of whom37. Five men stole into the gate, _ was lame in the right leg.
27、A. the second B. the third of whomC. one of them D. among them38. This is the very school _ I wanted to visit.A. where B. that C. which D. in which39. Is the school _ you are going to work?A. where B. that C. which D. there40. Is this _ you want?A. which B. the one C. that D. the one what41. Shangha
28、i, _ I have visited twice, has a large population.A. where B. which C. what D. that42. My youngest sister, _ is forty years old, has got a life professorship in a university.A. which B. whom C. who D. that43. The students didnt like the way _ she was dressed.A./ B. which C. what D. how44. Theres no
29、way _ you could stop others talking about you unless you dont spare yourself (严格要求自己).A. for B. that C. where D. of which45. I am determined to learn my subjects in the way _ you have done.A. in which B. by what C. what D. where46. He used to do things in a way _ did no harm to anybody.A. / B. what
30、C. in which D. that47. Ill do _ to help you.A. all I can B. all what I can C. all those I manage D. all which I can48. All _ want to buy the book, put down your names here.A. who B. these that C. those who D. ones49. This is the third time _ youre late for school.A. in which B. that C. which D. on w
31、hich50. He arrived yesterday, _ was just what we expected.A. what B. who C. that D. which51. Einstein taught at Princeton, _ there was a famous research institute.A. that B. where C. which D. because of52. That is the reason _ he came to see you.A. when B. that C. which D. for which53. She is one of
32、 the few persons _ Spanish in our school.A. who knows B. who know C. which speak D. that speaks54. He is the only one of the teachers _ Spanish in our school.A. who teaches B. who teach C. which teaches D. that teach55. You are the only one _ advice he might listen to.A. who B. that C. whose D. what
33、ever56. Here is so big a stone _ no man can lift.A. as B. which C. who D. that57. He seems a foreigner, _ in fact it is.A. which B. as C. that D. and58. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing?A. which B. who C. whom D. that59. Is this the museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one60. Is this museum _ you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one1-5 CACDA 6-10 DCBAC 11-15 DDDCD 16-20 CBABC 21-25 BCACC 26-30 CDDCC 31-35 DBCAB 36-40 DBBAB 41-45 BCABA 446-50 DACBD 51-55 BDBAC 56-60 ABDAD
