1、2015 年普通高等学校 招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37 because peopleare throwing out more rubbish than ever before.How did we 38 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now
2、easier to 39 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 40 modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 41 . Another cause is our42 of disposable (一次性的) products.As 43 people,we are always looking fo
3、r 44 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 45 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.Our appetite for new products also 46 to the problem. We are 47 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 48 is better and th
4、at we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 49 useful possessions to make room for new ones.All around the world, we can see the 50 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 51 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52 , more governmen
5、ts are requiring people to recycle materials. 53 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 54 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 55. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be t
6、he best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.36. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem37. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products38. A. face B. become C. observe D. change39. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw40. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardle
7、ss of41. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful42. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division43. A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy44. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends45. A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve46. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes47. A. tired of B. addicted to
8、 C. worried about D. ashamed for48. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger49. A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away50. A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences51. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure52. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands53. A. However
9、B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile54. A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of55. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising【答案】36. D 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. A 41. C 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. D 50. D51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. C【解析】试题分析：文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社
10、会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环境带来很大的压力。36. D 考查名词辨析。A 答案；B 原因；C 项目；D 问题。根据第二行“the world.”可知，出现的问题是垃圾堆积如山，故选 D。37. B 考查名词辨析。A 礼物； B 垃圾；C 债务；D 产品。句意：因为人们现在扔掉很多垃圾，因此，垃圾堆积成了山，故选 B。38. B 考查动词辨析。句意：A 面对；B 变得；C 观察，庆祝；D 改变。根据“first of all.”可知，这里讲的是乱扔垃圾的原因，故选 B。39. C 考查动词辨析。A 躲藏； B 控制
11、；C 代替；D 撤退，收回。句意：与花时间和钱修理相比，现在更容易更换物品，故选 C。40. A 考查短语辨析。A 多亏；B 至于；C 除了；D 不管。句意：多亏了当代制造业和技术，公司能够更快地生产产品，成本也降低很多，故选 A。51. C 考查动词辨析。A 显示，展示； B 记录；C 减少；D 测量。句意：越来越多的政府要求人们循环使用物品，这样做是为了减少垃圾，故选 C。52. B 名词辨析。A 技术；B 环境；C 消费者；D 品牌。要求人们循环利用也是为了保护环境，故选 B。53. A 考查副词辨析。A 然而； B 要不然；C 因此；D 同时。句意：然而，只是要求人们循环利用是远远不够
12、的，故选 A。54. D 考查介词辨析。A 通过； B 支持；C 在.之后；D 代替，而不是。句意：我们需要修理我们的财物，而不是扔掉它们，故选 D。55. C 考查动词辨析。A 花费，度过； B 收集；C 修理；D 宣传。句意：我们也需要重新考虑对修理的态度，根据下句“repairing.”可知答案，故选 C。考点：社会类短文阅读2015 年普通高等学校 招生全国统一考试（福建卷）One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. However, life can be 36 when you are no
13、t busy finding fault with it.Several years ago I 37 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always 38 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and 39 was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found faul
14、t with her friends. She became a really 40 person.Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 41 Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 42 to deal with was that the day before the 43 , Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing
15、her 44 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 45 It wasnt until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 46 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to 47 everything so h
16、arshly ( 刻薄) . She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 48 as well.Perhaps most of us arent as extreme at fault-finding, 49 when were honest, we can be sharply 50 of the world. Im not suggesting you 51 problems, or that you pretend things are 52 than they are, but simply that yo
17、u learn to allow things to be as they are 53 most of the time, and especially when its not a really big 54 .Train yourself to “bite your tongue“ , and with a little 55, youll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, youll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.36. A. lonely B. grea
18、tC. quietD. uneasy37. A. received B. answered C. expected D. rejected38. A. threatened B. interrupted C. bothered I). spoiled39. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing40. A. caring B. boring C. interesting D. surprising41. A. attitude B. plan C. measure D. explanation42. A. urgent B. unne
19、cessary C. certain D. impossible43. A. occasion B. event C. accident D. adventure44. A. memory B. notice C. evidence D. choice45. A. hear B. contribute C. express D. admit46. A. aware of B. afraid of C. curious about D. confused about47. A. discuss B. realize C. judge D. settle48. A. family B. life
20、C. career D. education49. A. so B. or C. but D. for50. A. proud B. sure C. hopeful D. critical51. A. face B. create C. solve D. ignore52. A. rarerB. better C. stranger D. worse53. A. at least B. at last C. by far D. so far54. A. task B. deal C. result D. duty55. A. practice B. speech C. rest D pity【
21、答案】36.B 37.A 38.C 39.D 40.B 41.A 42.D 43.C 44.D 45.C 46.A 47.C 48.B 49.C 50.D51.D 52.B 53.A 54.B 55.A37A 考查动词辨析 A.received 接受；B.answered 回答；C.expected 期望；D.rejected 排斥。几年以前，我收到一个来自 17 岁女孩 kerry 的信。故选 A38C 考查动词辨析 A.threatened 威胁；B.interrupted 打扰；C.bothered 麻烦；D.spoiled 娇惯。这个叫做 Kerry 的女孩说自己是一个世界级的找错者，
22、她总是被各种事情困扰着。故选 C39D 考查不定代词辨析 A.anything 任何事；B.everything 每一件事；C.something 某事；D.nothing 没有事。人们总是做着那些惹她恼怒的事情，没有一件事是好的，故选 D40B 考查形容词辨析 A.caring 关心的；B.boring 糟糕的；C.interesting 有趣的；D.surprising 令人惊奇的。 她具有高度的自我批评精神，她也会对自己的朋友挑毛病。她成为了一个非常糟糕的人。故选 B41A 考查名词辨析 A.attitude 态度；B.plan 计划；C.measure 措施；D.explanation
23、 解释。不幸的，一场恐怖的事故发生改变了她的态度。故选 A42D 考查形容词辨析 A.urgent 经济的；B.unnecessary 不必要的；C.certain 确定的；D.impossible 不可能的。她最好的朋友在一场车祸中受伤很严重，让事情处理起来变得不可能的事情是，发生事故的前一天 Kerry 拜访了她的朋友故选 D43C 考查名词辨析 A.occasion 场合；B.event 事项；C.accident 事故；D.adventure 冒险。她最好的朋友在一场车祸中受伤很严重，让事情处理起来变得不可能的事情是，发生事故的前一天，Kerry 拜访了她的朋友，在这期间全程批评了她选
24、择男朋友的眼光故选 C44D 考查名词辨析 A.memory 记忆；B.notice 注意；C.evidence 证据；D.choice 选择。发生事故的前一天，Kerry 拜访了她的朋友，在这期间全程批评了她选择男朋友的眼光、她生活的方式、她与母亲联络时候的方式，还有各种其他她认为她需要表达的故选 D45C 考查动词辨析 A.hear 听；B.contribute 贡献；C.express 表达；D.admit 承认、许可。发生事故的前一天，Kerry 拜访了她的朋友，在这期间全程批评了她选择男朋友的眼光、她生活的方式、她与母亲联络时候的方式，还有各种其他她认为她需要表达的。故选 C46A
25、考查短语辨析 A.aware of 注意； B.afraid of 担心；C.curious about 对好奇；D.confused about 对迷惑。直到他的朋友受了重伤，Kerry 才注意到她挑毛病的习惯。故选 A50D 考查形容词辨析 A.proud 骄傲的；B.sure 确定的；C.hopeful 有希望的；D.critical 批判的。可能我们中的大多数都不会极端的的寻找错误，但是当我们诚实的面对的时候，我们可以尖锐的批判这个世界。故选 D51D 考查动词辨析 A.face 面对；B.create 创造；C.solve 解决；D.ignore 忽略。我并不是在建议你无视问题。故选
26、 D52B 考查形容词比较级辨析 A.rarer 更稀罕的；B.better 更好的；C.stranger 更奇怪的；D.worse 更坏的。我也不是在建议你假装事物比它们自身更好。故选 B53A 考查短语辨析 A.at least 至少；B.at last 最后；C.by far 到现在为止；D.so far 迄今为止。至少在大多数时间里，你学着容忍事物的原态。故选 A54B 考查名词辨析 A.task 任务；B.deal 处理、交易；C.result 计划；D.duty 责任。尤其是当这不是一个特别大的事情。故选 B55A 考查名词辨析 A.practice 实践；B.speech 演讲；
27、C.rest 休息；D.pity 遗憾。训练你自己忍着不说那些刻薄的话，小小的实践一下，你会变得很擅长放手。故选 A考点：记叙文阅读。2015 年普通高等学校 招生全国统一考试（广东卷）How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is _1_ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live
28、if he or she is _2_ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce _3_. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and _4_ die.Even though we cant live forever, we are living a _5_ life than ever before. In 1900, the a
29、verage American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the _6_ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people dont begin to experience physical and mental _7_ until after age 75.People are living lo
30、nger because more people _8_ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood _9_. Now that the chances of dying _10_ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.On the whole, our population is get
31、ting older. The _11_ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see _12_, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in _13_ if not in ag
32、e.As the society grows old, we need the _14_ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to _15_ active and devoted.1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately4.
33、 A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases10. A. poor B.
34、young C. sick D. quiet11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay【答案】1.A 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.D7.C 8.A
35、 9.D 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.D6.D 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65 岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing 划分。根据文意可知，把 65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line 分界线，故选 D。7.C 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到 75 岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure 失败。根据句意可知，现在很多老年人是在
36、 75 岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选 C。8.A 考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value 价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和 the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care 可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选 A。9.D 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problem
37、s 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据句意可知，以前的人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选 D。10.B 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dying young 就是年少死去。故选 B。11.A 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变； rec
38、overy 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中 Some people fear such changes will可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选 A。12.B 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的 while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。13.A 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“ 黄金年龄” 的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。
39、mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement 移动。根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。14.C 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission 允许。根据文意可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选 C。15.D 考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；appear 好像；出现；turn 转，
40、变成； stay 保持。根据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选 D。【考点定位】社会现象类短文。2015 年普通高等学校 招生全国统一考试（湖南卷）It was a rainy morning and the children, mainly boys with various learning difficulties, refused to settle for the start of the lesson. As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means to get them to be 36 , but in vain. my panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly. This was the 37 of my job as a music teacher, I thought - teaching was not for me. Then I
