精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第一章1.linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language2The scope of linguisticsPhonetics-语音学 phonology-音系学 morphology-形态学 syntax-句法学 semantics-语义学 pragmatics-语用学从语言形式划分：Sociolinguistics社会语言学，psycholinguistics心理语言学，applied linguistics应用语言学3. Important distinctions in linguisticsDescriptive & prescriptive 规定性&描写性Synchronic & diachronic 共时性&历时性Speech& writing 口语&书写Langue & parole 语言&言语Competence & performance 语言能力&语言运用(Saussure and Ch
