1、专题十五 主旨大意Passage 3(2012高考浙江卷)Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever，even though neither once can remember how the whole thing got started.Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country.In fact，according to an official report on youth violence， “
2、In our country today， the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment，but the terrible reality of violence”Given that this is the case，why arent students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems，drive cars，or st
3、ay physically fit?First of all，students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable.A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult(侮辱) For example，a fight could start over the fact that on
4、e student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime.Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults，which in turn can lead to violence.The problem isnt in the sandwich，but in the way students deal with the conflict.Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable，they can practice the golden r
5、ule of conflict resolution(解决) ：stay calm.Once the student feels calmer，he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well.Rude words，namecalling，and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire.On the other hand，soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fi
6、re before it explodes out of control.After both sides have calmed down，they can use another key strategy(策略)for conflict resolution：listening.Listening allows the two sides to understand each other.One person should describe his or her side，and the other person should listen without interrupting.Aft
7、erward，the listener can ask nonthreatening questions to clarify the speakers position.Then the two people should change roles.Finally，students need to consider what they are hearing.This doesnt mean trying to figure out whats wrong with the other person.It means understanding what the real issue is
8、and what both sides are trying to accomplish.For example，a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things.Students need to ask themselves questions such as these：Ho w did this start？What do I really want？What am I a
9、fraid of？ As the issue becomes clearer，the conflict often simply becomes smaller.Even if it doesnt，careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.There will always be conflict in schools，but that doesnt mean there needs to be violence.After students in Atlanta started a conflict resol
10、ution program，according to Educators for Social Responsibility， “64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom；75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation；and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”Learning to resolve conflict
11、s can help students deal with friends，teachers ，parents，bosses，and coworkers.In that way，conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.1This article is mainly about _Athe lives of school childrenBthe cause of arguments in schoolsChow to analyze youth v
12、iolenceDhow to deal with school conflicts2From Paragraph 2 we can learn that _Aviolence is more likely to occur at lunchtimeBa small conflict can lead to violenceCstudents tend to lose their temper easilyDthe eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight3Why do students need to ask themsel
13、ves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?ATo find out who is to blame.BTo get ready to try new things.CTo make clear what the real issue is.DTo figure out how to stop the shouting match.4After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta，it was found that _Athere was a decrease in classroom
14、 violenceBthere was less student cooperation in the classroomCmore teachers felt better about themselves in schoolsDthe teacherstudent relationship greatly improved4The writers purpose for writing this article is to _Acomplain about problems in school educationBteach students different strategies fo
15、r school lifeCadvocate teaching conflict management in schoolsDinform teachers of the latest studies on school violencePassage 4(2012高考新课标卷 )Grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance t
16、o go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins
17、 “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood w
18、e usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but ov
19、erlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习 )for an examination, though it may result
20、 in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for ones future
21、 development.1What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?APeople remember well what they learned in childhood.BChildren have a better memory than grownups.CPoem reading is a good way to learn words.DStories for children are easy to remember.2The author explains the law of overlearning by _Apresenting rese
22、arch findingsBsetting down general rulesCmaking a comparisonDusing examples3According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is _Aa result of overlearningBa special case of crammingCa skill to deal with math problemsDa basic step towards advanced studies4What is the authors opinion o
23、n cramming?AIt leads to failure in college exams.BIts helpful only in a limited way.CIts possible to result in poor memory.DIt increases students learning interest.Passage 3这是一篇议论性质的文章，讲 述了校园内学生们之间如何 处理冲突事件，冲突往往始于琐碎小事，但处理不善，会引发暴力；合理解决，却能增加彼此情感。1D 概括大意题。文章主要介绍了解决冲突的几种方法，故选 D 项。2B 段落归纳题。第二段中 .which in
24、 turn can lead to violence，可知 B 项正确。3C 细节理解题。由第五段第三句 It means understanding what the real issue is.可知答案是 C。4A 细节分析题。由第六段 “64 percent of the teachers .92 percent of the students felt better about themselves.”可知暴力行为减少了，故选 A。5C 情景猜测题。由文章大意可知，作者写作的目的是在校园推行解决冲突的方法，故选 C。Passage 4本文描写了过度学习的内容会让人终生不忘，而突 击学习
25、 的东西会对应付考试起作用，但会很快被忘记。1A 主旨大意题。概括第一段，特别是从第一句可知：成年人对于自己儿童时期所学的东西，即使长期不练习也不会忘记。故 A 选项为正确答案。2D 推理判断题。在第一段和第二段中作者列举了游泳、骑自行车、唱儿歌、讲童话故事、打球和背乘法口诀表等例子来解释 the law of overlearning。故 D 选项为正确答案。3A 事实细节题。从倒数第二段中 they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood，故 A 选项为正确答案。4B 主旨大意题。从最后一段第二句可知：突击学习可以让学习者通过考试，但会很快把所学的几乎全部忘掉，所以可得出结论，突击学习仅仅在有限的方面有帮助。所以B 选项正确。
