1、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译原文ANINTEGRATEDOPERATIONMODEFORGREENLOGISTICSOFENTERPRISES1INTRODUCTIONTHEWORLDECONOMYHASDEVELOPEDTREMENDOUSLYINTHEPASTFEWDECADESDUETOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWTECHNOLOGYANDINTERNATIONALTRADEOPPORTUNITIESUNFORTUNATELY,SERIOUSENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMSHAVEARISENWITHECONOMICGROWTH1ALONGWITHTHEINCREAS
2、INGLYFIERCECOMPETITIONANDTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFITINBOTHDOMESTICANDINTERNATIONALMARKETS,THETRADITIONALLOGISTICSMANAGEMENTOFENTERPRISESISFACINGRIGIDCHALLENGESMOREANDMORECOMPANIESRECOGNIZETHATITISNECESSARYTOIMPLEMENTEFFECTIVELOGISTICSMANAGEMENTTOENSURETHEESTABLISHMENTANDMAINTENANCEOFTHEIROWNCOMPARATIVEA
3、DVANTAGESTHEPREVIOUSRESEARCHESONLOGISTICSMANAGEMENTMAINLYFOCUSEDONHOWTOREALIZETHEOPTIMIZATIONOFSELFSUPPLIEDMODE,HOWTOCOORDINATEANDIMPROVETHESERVICEANDHOWTORESPONDQUICKLY,BUTIGNOREDTHENEGATIVEINFLUENCESBROUGHTABOUTBYTHELIFECYCLEOFPRODUCTSONTHEENVIRONMENTTHESEPROBLEMSRESTRICTTHEFURTHERRATIONALDEVELOPM
4、ENTOFLOGISTICSMANAGEMENTIN21STCENTURY,ENVIRONMENTALISMTHEPRACTICECONCERNINGENVIRONMENTALOR“GREEN”ISSUESINASOCIALLYRESPONSIBLEMANNERREMAINSANIMPORTANTSOCIALANDBUSINESSISSUE2REASONSFORTHISIMPORTANCEINCLUDEGOVERNMENTREGULATIONS,CHANGINGOFCONSUMERDEMANDS,ANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFINTERNATIONALCERTIFICATIONSTAN
5、DARDS3ALTHOUGHENVIRONMENTALISSUESSHOULDBECONSIDEREDINTHEDESIGNOFLOGISTICSSYSTEMS,SUCHISSUESHAVEGENERALLYNOTBEENASIGNIFICANTCONSIDERATIONINTHEDESIGNOFTHESESYSTEMS4MCKINNONDESCRIBEDTHECURRENTRESEARCHESONENVIRONMENTALISSUESINLOGISTICSAS“SMALLBUTEXPANDING”5SINCE1995,THERESEARCHESONENVIRONMENTALISSUESHAV
6、EAPPEAREDPERIODICALLYINTHELOGISTICSLITERATURE2ONEOFTHEMOSTPOPULARAREASFORENVIRONMENTALRESEARCHISPURCHASINGRELATEDISSUES6LIKEWISE,THEREHASBEENINCREASINGINTERESTINTHEAREAOFREVERSELOGISTICSRL7WITHTHEINCREASINGLYSERIOUSPROBLEMSOFRESOURCESSHORTAGEANDENVIRONMENTALISSUES,PEOPLEARECONCERNEDMUCHMOREABOUTTHEH
7、ARMBROUGHTBYTHEENVIRONMENTPROBLEMSTHELOGISTICSWILLBRINGABOUTNEGATIVEINFLUENCESONENVIRONMENTINITSOPERATIONIFTHEMEASURESARENOTTAKENTOCONTROLANDIMPROVETHESEPROBLEMSEFFECTIVELY,ITWILLAFFECTTHESECURITYOFTHEWHOLEHUMANITYASFORCOMPANIES,THETRADITIONALTERMINALDISPOSALISCOSTLY,SOWITHTHEIMPLEMENTOF“WHOPOLLUTED
8、,WHOSHOULDPAY”,THECOMPANIESSHOULDTAKETHEENVIRONMENTALISSUESINTOCONSIDERATION,THUSTHECOMPANIESWILLREDUCETHEENVIRONMENTALCOST,ANDINDIRECTLYINCREASETHEECONOMICBENEFITSTHEREFORE,UNDERTHEPRESSUREOFENVIRONMENTALISSUES,THECOMPANIESMUSTTAKETHEECOSYSTEMINTOCONSIDERATIONWHENTHEYPURSUEHIGHECONOMICBENEFITSSOAST
9、OINTEGRATETHEECONOMIC,ENVIRONMENTALANDSOCIALBENEFITSTOGETHERHOWEVER,THETRADITIONALINTEGRATEDLOGISTICSMANAGEMENTMODESCANNOTMEETTHEDEMANDOFENVIRONMENTALDEVELOPMENT,ANDSOMEAREEVENATTHEEXPENSEOFENVIRONMENTBECAUSEOFTHEPOORADAPTATIONOFEXISTINGECOINDUSTRIALPARKMODE,THEDRAWBACKS,SUCHASHIGHESTABLISHINGCOSTSO
10、FGREENSUPPLYCHAINMODEANDTHECOSTSOFWASTESDISCHARGE8,CANNOTMATCHTHEGREENMANAGEMENTOFCOMPANYLOGISTICSSOANEWINTEGRATEDLOGISTICSMANAGEMENTMODEISNEEDEDFORTHECOMPANIESTOGAINBOTHTHEENVIRONMENTANDECONOMICBENEFITSTHEREFORE,ONEOFTHEURGENTRESEARCHESISTOESTABLISHTHEINTEGRATEDOPERATIONMODEOFGREENLOGISTICS,TOPROMO
11、TETHESUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTOFENTERPRISESANDSOCIETYANDTOEXPLORETHEINTEGRATEDOPERATIONALMANAGEMENTOFGREENLOGISTICSACCORDINGTOTHEENVIRONMENTANDRESOURCECONDITIONPREVIOUSSTUDIESHAVEMADEIMPORTANTCONTRIBUTIONSTOTHELITERATURE,BUTTHEREISNOTANINTEGRATEDOPERATIONMODEFORGREENLOGISTICSOFENTERPRISESTOADDRESSTHISL
12、ITERATUREVOID,GREENLOGISTICSISPUTFORWARDONTHEBASISOFPREVIOUSSTUDIESTHESOCALLEDGREENLOGISTICSISAPROCESSDURINGWHICHTHEENVIRONMENTALJEOPARDYISRESTRAINEDANDDECONTAMINATIONISACHIEVEDSOTHATTHELOGISTICSMATERIALSCANBEMADEFULLUSEOF9ITENSURESSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTANDLINKSTHEMAINBODIESOFGREENSUPPLYANDGREENDEMA
13、ND,ASWELLASTHEPROCESSOFFLOWINGENVIRONMENTECONOMICACTIVITYOVERCOMINGTHERESTRAINTSOFTIMEANDSPACE,ANDINVOLVINGEFFECTIVEANDEFFICIENTGREENCOMMODITIESANDGREENSERVICES102METHODOLOGYINTHISPART,FIRSTLY,WEJUSTINTRODUCESEVERALMODESOFTHEINTEGRATEDOPERATIONMODEOFLOGISTICS,THENGETTHEIRADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGES,A
14、NDFINALLYGIVETHECOMPARATIVERESULTSLOGISTICSOPERATIONMODEVARIESINCHINADUETOTHEDIFFERENTSCALEANDPROPERTYOFENTERPRISESANDTHEDIFFERENTDISTRIBUTIONCHANNELSOFTHEIRPRODUCTSSOMEOFTHEENTERPRISESSTICKTOTHEPOLICYOFTHELOGISTICSNETWORKSELFCONSTRUCTION,SELFMANAGEMENTANDSELFOPERATION,WHILESOMEENTRUSTTHEIRLOGISTICS
15、ACTIVITIESTOATHIRDPARTY,WHICHSPECIALIZESINLOGISTICSTPLWITHTHEEMERGENCEOFENVIRONMENTALISSUES,THEINTERNATIONALGREENTRADEBARRIERANDTHEINCREASINGPUBLICAWARENESSOFENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION,SOMEENTERPRISES,ASAWAYTOMANAGETHEIRLOGISTICS,AREADOPTINGTHEOPERATIONMODEOFGREENSUPPLYCHAIN,THEECOLOGICALINDUSTRYPARKSA
16、NDTHEECOLOGICALBUSINESSCHAIN21INTEGRATEDOPERATIONMODEOFLOGISTICSBASEDONSELFOPERATIONINSOMELARGEENTERPRISES,ESPECIALLYINSOMELARGESCALESTATEOWNEDENTERPRISES,THEIRLOGISTICSISCHARACTERIZEDBYLARGESCALE,MIGHTYSTRENGTH,ADVANCEDMANAGEMENT,ANDHIGHINFORMATIONIZATIONTHEPROCESSOFRAWMATERIALPURCHASEANDTHEFLOWOFP
17、RODUCTSISMANAGEDSYSTEMATICALLYBYESTABLISHINGAMODEOFSELFOPERATIONSEEFIG1THISMODEISANINTEGRATEDOPERATION,WHICHCONSISTSOFMORETHANONEOPERATIONALSECTION,NAMELYPURCHASESSECTION,LOGISTICSCENTER,TRANSPORTATIONSERVICESECTION,ALLOTMENTCENTER,ETCTHEINTEGRATEDOPERATIONISFULFILLEDBYEXCHANGINGTHEINFORMATIONWITHIN
18、THESESECTIONSTHATARESHOULDERINGTHERESPONSIBILITIESOFTHEIROWNTHEMOSTAPPARENTCHARACTERISTICSOFTHISKINDOFSELFOPERATIONLOGISTICSISTHATTHEENTERPRISE,TOAGREATEREXTENT,ISABLETOCONTROLTHEWHOLESUPPLYCHAINWITHHIGHSTABILITYANDTHEINITIALSOVERMARKETWILLBERETAINEDEVENIFTHEMARKETCHANGESMEANWHILE,ITALSOENABLESTHEEF
19、FECTIVEANDCLOSECOOPERATIONWITHOTHERSTOGUARANTEETHEREGULARCIRCULATIONOFITSOWNTHELOGISTICSMANAGEMENTNEEDSLARGENUMBEROFHUMANRESOURCES,MATERIALSANDFINANCIALRESOURCESANDHIGHINVESTMENTINRELEVANTFACILITIES,EQUIPMENTANDINFORMATIONSYSTEMTENDTOBURDENTHEENTERPRISEANDMAKETHELOGISTICSMANAGEMENTMORECOMPLICATED,WH
20、ICHISTHEWEAKNESSOFTHISMODE22OPERATIONMODEOFANINTEGRATEDLOGISTICSOFENTERPRISESBASEDONTPLTHEOPERATIONMODEOFANINTEGRATEDLOGISTICSOFENTERPRISESBASEDONTHETHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSTPLDEVELOPEDFROMTHEGENERALOPERATIONMODEOFANINTEGRATEDLOGISTICSOFENTERPRISES,WHICHCANNOLONGERFOLLOWTHEMARKETCHALLENGEASARESULTOFTHEEC
21、ONOMICGLOBALIZATIONANDPRESSURESOFCONTINUOUSCOMPETITIONTOMEETTHENEEDSOFCUSTOMERSSWIFTLYANDPROMPTLYISNOWTHEKEYFACTORFOREVERYENTERPRISEORORGANIZATIONTOSURVIVETHEMARKETCOMPETITIONINORDERTOOBTAINTHISPRIORITYINCOMPETITION,LOTSOFENTERPRISESARESEEKING,INASTRATEGICASPECT,ALOGISTICSOPERATIONMODESUITABLEFORITS
22、ELFBUTTHESEENTERPRISESFINDTHEMSELVESLACKOFTHISCOREABILITY,SOTHEYCHOOSETOOUTSOURCETHEIRLOGISTICSACTIVITIES11,WHICHISQUITECOMMONINRECENTYEARS,NAMELYTHELOGISTICSUNION,THELOGISTICSOPERATIONUNION,TPL,ETC1214ANDINRECENTYEARS,MOREANDMOREENTERPRISESPREFERTHETPLSEEFIG2THEMOSTAPPARENTCHARACTERISTICSOFOUTSOURC
23、INGTHELOGISTICSTOATPLISTHATTHECOREENTERPRISEISLIKELYTOESTABLISHALONGTERMSTRATEGICALLIANCEWITHTHETPL,SIGNLOGISTICSSERVICECONTRACTS,SORTOUTBOTHINFORMATIONSYSTEMSTOMAKEITATTHESAMEINFORMATIONPLATFORMSOASTOENABLETHETPLTOMANAGEFULLYTHELOGISTICSACTIVITIESONTHEBASISOFFULLCOMMUNICATIONANDNEGOTIATION15INTHISP
24、ROCESS,THETPLCANAVAILITSELFOFITSPROFESSIONALSPECIALTYTOPROVIDEPROFESSIONALMANAGEMENTINPURCHASEANDSUPPLY,STOCKMANAGEMENT,PRODUCTIONALLOTMENT,SALESALLOTMENT,ANDLOGISTICSINFORMATIONPROCESSING,ETCMEANWHILE,SUPPLIERS,UNDERTHECOORDINATIONOFTHETPL,MAKEPROMPTSUPPLYINACCORDANCEWITHTHEMATERIALPLANANDECONOMICL
25、OTTHEPRODUCTSALLOTMENTALSOFALLSINTOTHERESPONSIBILITYOFTHETPLINTHISWAY,THETPLMAKESPOSSIBLETHEINTEGRATEDMANAGEMENTFORTHELOGISTICSOFTHEENTERPRISETHROUGHOUTSOURCEDLOGISTICS,THEENTERPRISESCANREDUCETHEIRINVESTMENTINLOGISTICSANDPROVIDELOGISTICSSERVICEACCORDINGTOTHECUSTOMERSNEEDS,WHICHSERVESTHEBENEFITSOFTHE
26、ENTERPRISESTHISTPLSERVICEISOFGREATFLEXIBILITY,BUTATTHESAMETIME,ITWEAKENSTHELINKSBETWEENTHEENTERPRISESANDTHECUSTOMERS23GREENSUPPLYCHAINGSCOPERATIONMODETHEMANAGEMENTOFGREENSUPPLYCHAINISAMODERNMANAGEMENTMODEBASEDONTHELIFECYCLEOFPRODUCTSANDTAKESACCOUNTOFTHEACCESSOFRAWMATERIALSANDTHEPROCESSOFPRODUCTDESIG
27、N,MANUFACTURE,SALE,TRANSPORTANDRECYCLETHEENTIREPROCESSHASACHIEVEDTHEGOALSOFTHELEASTNEGATIVEEFFECTSINTHELIFECYCLE,THEHIGHESTUTILIZATIONRATEOFRESOURCEANDENERGY,ANDTHEBESTHOLISTICBENEFITOFSUPPLYCHAINSYSTEMSBYMEANSOFTHEGREENTECHNOLOGYANDMANAGEMENTOFSUPPLYCHAINS16GREENSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTISAMODERNMANAGE
28、MENTMODE,WHICHPUTS“GREEN”AND“CONSCIOUSNESSOFENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION”INTOTHESUPPLYCHAININTHECOMPANIESINORDERTOACHIEVE“GREENMANUFACTURE”THEGREENSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTMAKESFULLUSEOFEXTERIORENTERPRISERESOURCESWITHTHEGREENSUPERIORITYANDESTABLISHESTHESTRATEGICALLIANCEWITHTHEENTERPRISESOFCOMPETITIVE“GREEN”T
29、OCONSOLIDATEANDIMPROVETHECORECOMPETENCEANDBUSINESSOFGREENMANUFACTUREITALSOIMPLEMENTSECOLOGYTRANSFORMATIONINTHEENTERPRISESSOTHATTHEREARETHELEASTRESOURCECONSUMPTIONANDENVIRONMENTALNEGATIVEEFFECTSOFTHEENTIRESUPPLYCHAINITCONSISTSOFSEVERALSTAGES,INCLUDINGGREENDESIGN,PURCHASE,MANUFACTURE,MARKETINGANDRECYC
30、LESTHESTUFFWHICHNEEDSTOBERECYCLEDINCLUDETHEWASTEPRODUCEDINTHEPROCESSOFGREENSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENT,ANDTHEPARTSDAMAGEDINTHEPROCESSOFTRANSPORTATION,TRANSPORTING,STOREASWELLASSALES,ANDTHEPRODUCTSELIMINATEDTHROUGHSELECTIONAFTERFINISHINGTHEIRLIFECYCLEAFTERTHEDISASSEMBLYOFDISCARDEDPRODUCTS,THEPROCESSINGUNIT
31、SMAYBEUSEDAGAINTHEREFORE,THEGREENSUPPLYCHAINISENDLESSANDISTHEMANAGEMENTFROM“THECRADLETOTHEREINCARNATION”GREENSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTISOPERATIONALBECAUSETHECOREMANUFACTUREENTERPRISESNORMALLYTAKEINITIATIVETOCONTACTTHESUPPLIERSANDSELLERSTOREALIZETHECOOPERATIONBYOBTAININGINFORMATIONCOMMUNICATION25COMPARAT
32、IVERESULTSOFTHESEVERALOPERATIONMODESTHETRADITIONALINTEGRATEDOPERATIONALMANAGEMENTOFLOGISTICSNEGLECTSITSUNFAVORABLEINFLUENCESCAUSEDBYLOGISTICSACTIVITYONTHEENVIRONMENT,HINDERSTHEREASONABLEDISPOSITIONOFSOCIALRESOURCESSOITISEASILYSUBJECTEDTOSOMEDRAWBACKS,SUCHASTHERESTRICTIONSOFPOLICIESANDREGULATIONSANDT
33、HEGREENTRADEBARRIERSTHUSITDOESNOTSUITMODERNSUSTAINABLEMANAGEMENTTHEINTEGRATEDOPERATIONMODEOFLOGISTICSBASEDONSELFOPERATIONMAINLYGIVESSERVICETOITSOWNENTERPRISESSOASTOSAFEGUARDTHEECONOMICBENEFITSOFTHESEENTERPRISESALTHOUGHTHISMODECANPROMOTETHEINTEGRATEDOPERATIONOFLOGISTICS,TOOMANYDEPARTMENTSINSIDEENTERP
34、RISESWILLINCREASETHECOSTSINVISIBLY,FORINSTANCE,THEHUGEINVESTMENTINLOGISTICSFACILITIES,EQUIPMENT,INFORMATIONSYSTEMANDLOGISTICSSTAFFTRAINING,ETCALSOOTHERPROBLEMSOFTHECOMPLEXORGANIZATIONMANAGEMENTOFLOGISTICSMAYARISEINTHEPROCESSOFOPERATIONPARTICULARLY,THISOPERATIONMODEFAILSTOCONSIDERITSIMPACTONTHEENVIRO
35、NMENTTHEINTEGRATEDOPERATIONMODEOFLOGISTICSBASEDONTPLSHOULDBEIMPROVEDONTHEBASISOFSELFOPERATIONMODE,DEPRIVESITSOWNENTERPRISESOFLOGISTICSDEPARTMENTANDCONVERTSTOTHETHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSINTHISCASE,ENTERPRISESCUTDOWNTHEIRINVESTMENTINLOGISTICSBUTLOGISTICSOUTSOURCINGMAKESENTERPRISESLOSETHECONTROLONLOGISTICSAC
36、TIVITIES,ANDWEAKENSTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENENTERPRISESANDCUSTOMERSASARESULT,THESLOWTRANSMISSIONOFLOGISTICSINFORMATIONRESTRICTSTHEDEVELOPMENTOFENTERPRISESSEEMINGLY,THISMODEDOESNOTTAKEITSNEGATIVEINFLUENCESONTHEOPERATIONINTOCONSIDERATIONWHENENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMSGETMOREANDMORECRITICAL,BOTHABOVEMODESFAILTO
37、PUTTHEIRCONSIDERATIONOFTHEENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMSINTOOPERATIONPROCESSONTHECONTRARY,THEYONLYFOCUSONECONOMICBENEFITSOFENTERPRISESTHEREFORE,ASERIESOFENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMSWILLBEBROUGHTABOUTINTHEOPERATIONPROCESSINORDERTOSOLVETHEPROBLEMSBYLOGISTICSACTIVITIES,SOMEENTERPRISESADOPTGREENSUPPLYCHAINOPERATIONMODE
38、LANDECOINDUSTRIALCHAINOFEIPMODELANDBOTHHAVEADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESTHEYARETWODIFFERENTAPPROACHESTOREALIZEINDUSTRIALCOEXISTENCEATTHELEVELOFENTERPRISESCOMMUNITYWITHTHEGUIDANCEOFTHETHEORYOFCIRCULARECONOMYANDINDUSTRIALECOLOGY2021THEIRCOMMONGOALISTOGUARANTEETHECOORDINATIONBETWEENENTERPRISESANDENVIRONME
39、NT,ANDACHIEVETHREEWINSOFECONOMIC,SOCIALANDENVIRONMENTALBENEFITSHOWEVER,BOTHTHETWOMODESHAVEDISADVANTAGESECOINDUSTRIALPARKMODEEMBODIESITSPOORFLEXIBILITYBECAUSEOFITSLOCALCHARACTERISTICSITISANEXTERNALOPERATIONMODEONCEACERTAINENTERPRISEONTHEECOCHAININTHEINDUSTRIALPARKCHANGESITSPRODUCTTYPEORSTOPSITSPRODUC
40、TIONDUETOPRODUCTIONTRANSFEROROTHERREASONS,THEENTERPRISESONTHELOWERPARTOFTHEECOCHAINWILLSUFFERDIRECTLY,ANDFINALLYTHEWHOLEPARKWILLBEPUTINTOCHAOSTHERESULTISTOINCREASETHERISKCOSTONTHEOTHERHAND,THEGREENSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTMODEISANINTERNALOPERATIONMODE,WHICHISAGREENMANAGEMENTINSIDEOFENTERPRISES,INCLUDING
41、GREENCHOICESOFALLENTERPRISESALONGTHECHAINTHECOSTONECODESIGNWILLBEINCREASEDINTHEEARLYSTAGE,INPARTICULAR,THECOSTONTHEESTABLISHMENTOFGREENINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYSUPPORTINGSYSTEMANDTHEWASTES,WHICHCANNOTBERECYCLEDINSIDETHEENTERPRISES,NEEDHIGHERINVESTMENTFORDISCHARGESITINCREASESTHEENTERPRISECOSTINDIRECTLYAN
42、DCUTSDOWNENTERPRISEPROFITSOURCEYUCHENGXUE、WUCHUNYOU、FANYU,2006”ANINTEGRATEDOPERATIONMODEFORGREENLOGISTICSOFENTERPRISES”ECOLOGICALECONOMYAPRILPP328356译文一种用于企业绿色物流一体化的运作模式1简介由于过去几十年新技术和国际贸易机会的发展，世界经济已经非常发达。不幸的是，经济增长引起了严重的环境问题1。随着竞争的日益激烈，在国内和国际市场的资讯科技的急速发展，传统的物流管理是企业面临着僵化的挑战。越来越多的企业认识到，要实现有效的物流管理，以确保建立
43、和维护各自的比较优势。以前对物流管理的研究主要集中在如何实现优化自我提供的模式，如何协调和改善的服务，以及如何迅速作出反应，却忽视了产品生命周期所带来对环境的负面影响。这些问题制约了物流管理的进一步合理开发。在21世纪，环保实践有关环保或“绿色”问题体现了社会责任的态度，仍然是一个重要的社会和商业问题2。对于这一点的重要性认识的原因包括政府法规，消费者不断变化的需求，以及国际认证标准的发展3。虽然应在物流系统设计中考虑环境问题，但是这些问题一般不会在这些系统设计中得到重点考虑。4。麦金农介绍了当前研究在物流环境问题“虽然很小但其严重性在不断扩大”5。1995年以来，有关环境的研究问题已经出现了
44、定期物流文献2。其中最流行的地区环境研究是采购相关的问题。6。同样，已经有越来越多的兴趣在逆向物流（RL）7。随着越来越严重的资源短缺问题和环境问题，很多人都关心更多有关环境带来的危害问题。物流会带来在其经营环境负面影响。如果不采取措施来有效控制和改善这些问题的、，会陆续影响到整个人类的安全。至于企业，传统的末端处理的成本很高，因此与实施“谁污染，谁应该付”，该公司应该考虑到环境问题，因此，公司将减少对环境的成本，间接增加经济效益。因此，在对环境问题的压力下，企业追求高经济效益时，他们必须考虑到生态系统，以整合经济，环境效益和社会效益在一起。然而，传统的综合物流管理模式不能适应环境发展的需求，
45、有些甚至是在牺牲环境为代价。因为要适应现有的生态工业园模式及其存在的缺陷，如高建立成本的绿色供应链模式和废物排放的束缚8，无法比拟绿色物流管理公司。因此，一个新的综合物流管理模式是需要为公司获得环境效益和经济效益。因此，迫切的研究课题之一是要建立绿色物流一体化运作模式，促进企业和社会的可持续发展，根据环境和资源条件探索绿色物流的综合运作管理。以往的研究中作出了重要贡献的文献，但没有一个绿色物流一体化企业的运作模式。为了解决这一文学空白，在前人研究的基础上提出了绿色物流。所谓绿色物流是一个恶劣的环境中实现净化和限制，使物流材料可以充分利用的过程9。它确保可持续发展和绿色供应环节和绿色需求的主要机
46、构，以及经济活动克服了时间流动和空间环境的限制，并涉及有效且高效的绿色商品和绿色服务的过程10。2方法论在这一部分，首先，我们只是提出了物流一体化运作模式的几种模式，然后总结他们的优势和劣势，并最终给出比较结果。由于物流运作模式各不相同的不同规模和企业的财产和其产品在中国不同的分销渠道，部分企业坚持自身的物流网络建设，自我管理和自我经营方针，而一些他们的物流活动委托给第三方专业物流（TPL）。随着环境问题的出现，国际绿色贸易壁垒和增加公众的生态环境保护意识，一些企业采取了绿色供应链的运作模式，生态工业园区和生态商务链。21以自营为基础的综合物流运作模式在一些大型企业，特别是在一些大型多的国有企
47、业，其物流的特点是规模大，强大的实力，先进的管理和高信息化。对原材料采购和产品的流通过程进行系统管理，建立一种自营方式（见图1）。这是一个一体化经营模式，它由一个以上的业务部分，即购买部分，物流中心，交通服务区，配发中心等组成。一体化经营是实现交换在这些章节中都肩负自己的责任的信息。这种自营物流的一种最明显的特点是企业，在更大程度上是能够控制，稳定性高，即使市场的变化，市场的整个供应链也将被保留。同时，也使与他人进行有效和密切合作，以保证自己的正常流通。这种物流管理需要人力，物力和财力资源和相关设施的大量投资，往往对企业设备和信息系统的负担，使物流管理更复杂，便是这种模式的弱点。22第三方物流
48、运作模式为基础的综合物流企业关于第三方物流（TPL）的企业为基础的综合物流运作模式发展出的一个综合性物流企业，可以不再遵循作为经济全球化和市场的不断挑战压力的导致持续竞争的结果。为及时迅速地满足客户的需求，现在是每个企业或组织生存的市场竞争的关键因素。为了在竞争中优先获得此关键因素，许多企业正在寻求在战略方面适合自己的物流运作模式。但这些企业发现自己缺乏这一核心能力，所以他们选择把自己的物流活动外包11，这是近年来相当普遍，即物流联盟，联盟的物流运作，太平人寿等，1214，并在最近几年，越来越多的企业喜欢的第三方物流（见图2）。物流外包给第三方物流最明显的特点是，核心企业有可能建立与第三方物流
49、签署物流服务合同，建立一个长期的战略联盟并整合信息系统，以使双方在相同的信息平台，为使第三方物流管理完全在充分沟通和协商的基础上进行物流活动15。在这一过程中，第三方物流可以利用其专业特长为客户提供专业的采购和供应管理，库存管理，生产分配，销售分配和物流信息处理等等，同时，供应商，在第三方物流下的协调，使经济批量与物料供应计划相适应产品的分配也落入了第三方物流的责任。这样，就使得第三方物流企业的物流综合管理成为可能。通过物流外包，企业可以减少他们在物流方面的投资，并提供物流服务根据客户的需求，这符合企业的利益。这第三方物流服务有很大的灵活性，但与此同时，它削弱企业和客户之间的联系。23绿色供应链（GSC）的运作模式对绿色供应链管理是一个现代化的管理模式对产品生命周期为基础，利用原材料的获取和产品设计，制造，销售，运输和回收处理账目。整个过程已实现了最小的消极影响，在生命周期，资源和能源利用率最高的目标，与供应链系统整合的最好的绿色技术和供应链管理的手段相得益彰。16。绿色供应链管理是一种现代化的管理模式，这使“绿色”和“环保意识”融合到企业的供应链中，以实现“绿色制造”。绿色供应链管理充分利用绿色优势企业的外部资源，并建立了具有竞争力的“绿色环保”的企业战略联盟，以巩固和提高核心竞争力和绿色制造业务。同时它实现了企业生态转型，以便实现最小的资源消耗和整个供应链对环境的负面影响
