1、优质文档优质文档人教新课标版高二选修六 Unit 4 Global warming 期末知识梳理一、训练导入I.考纲单词写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)1.fuel 2.quantity 3.tend 4.data 5.flood 6.oppose 7.mild 8.state 9.range 10.glance 11.steady 12.widespread 13.average 14.outer mitment 16.pollution 17.growth 18.contribution 19.nuclear 20.disagreement II.
2、核心短语e_发生；造成2.go_上升；升起；增长3.be_to 反对4.keep_继续5._the whole 大体上；基本上来源:Z|xx|k.Com6.on_平均来看7.and so_等等8._of 大量的9.result_导致10.on_of 代表 一方；作为的代言人优质文档优质文档二、知识精讲I.重点词汇 1. phenomenon n. 現象;奇迹，罕见的人才或事物 phenomena(pl.) 典例 1) Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather. 雨雪是天气现象。2) Beethoven was a phenomenon among m
3、usicians.贝多芬是音乐家中的天才。3) the phenomena of nature 自然现象4) a social phenomenon 社会现象2. tend vt. 趋向, 往往是；照管, 护理重点用法来源 :学科网 ZXXKtendency n. 趋向，倾向（常与 to/towards 连用）典例1) Most of boys tend to enjoy playing basketball.大部分男孩都喜欢打篮球。2) The older women tend to believe in strangers easily.老人更容易轻信陌生人。3) A team of me
4、dical workers were sent to te nd the survivors of wenchuan Earthquake.来源:学|科|网 Z|X|X|K一组医护人员被派去照料汶川地震的幸存者。4) Nowadays there is a growing tendency for peop le to shop on internet.如今人们网上购物有增加的趋势3. state vt.声明 , 陈述 n.状况，情况；国家重点用法state+名词 /that 从句/wh-从句statement n. 声明, 陈述典例1) She is in a terrible state
5、today. 她今天心情不好。2) the head of state 国家首脑3) He has publicly stated his support for the policy. 他已公开声明他会支持那项政策。4. range n.行列, 范围；vt. 排列, 归类于重点用法beyond the range of超越的范围out of ones range 某人达不到的range oneself 站在的方面来源:Zxxk.Comrange from to / between and 从到不等来源:Z一般的，普通的，中等的 n.平均，平均数优质文档优质文档典例1) His average
6、 result of this three su bjects is 96. 他三科的平均成绩是 96。2) The average of 4, 8, and 60 is 24。 4、8 和 60 的平均数是 24。重点用法above the average 高于平均水平below the average 在一般水平以下on the average 平均, 按平均数计算; 一般地说6. existence n.生存典例1) Anything in existence is r easonable.所有的存在都是合理的。2) In the middle age, no one doubted a
7、bout the existence of God 中世纪时没人怀疑上帝的存在重点用法in existence 存在exist v.存在7. refresh v.(使) 精神振作, ( 使)精力恢复, 更新典例1) When tired, you can refresh yourself with a cup of tea 困时喝杯茶提神2) Refresh storage battery in case of being out of energy halfway.给蓄电池充电以免半路没电。3) The host refreshed our teacups. 主人又为我们斟茶。II.重点词组
8、 1. come about 发生【典例】1) How did this come about? 这是怎么发生的 ? 2) I dont know how it came about but Ive got a dent in the rear of my car. 我不知道是怎么回事，但我的汽车后部有了一个凹痕。短语归纳 come along 出现, 发生；come out 出来, 长出；come to 达到；come to oneself 苏醒, 醒悟； 来源: 学科网come up with 赶上, 提出2. quantities of 大量的典例1) Before they enter
9、 an entrance examination, they have to do quantities of exercise.优质文档优质文档在参加入学考试前，他们得做大量的练习。2) He drinks large quantities of water every day.他每天都喝大量的水。短语归纳 A (large) quantity of /quantities of+名词（可数/不可数）A mount of/ amounts of+不可数名词注意：以上短语修饰名词充当主语时，由 quantity/amount 的单复数决定谓语的单复数。3. result in 导致【典例】1)
10、 Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration. 紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。2) Acting before thinking always results in failure. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败 .3) The accident resulted in the death of two people. 这场意外事故造成两人死亡。4) Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver. 这种药使用过量会损害肝脏。短语归纳 lead
11、 to 作“导致”result from 由.产生；as result 因此; 结果；as a result of 作为 .的结果; 由于.without result 无效地, 毫无结果地； 4. be opposed to 反对【典例】1) All the states in UN were opposed to the war launched by Israel.所有的联合国成员国都反对以色列发起的这场战争。2) Many residents in G uangzhou are opposed to the plan of tearing down the old buildings.
12、广州许多居民反对拆毁旧房子的计划。短语归纳 表示反对：disagree with; object to; be against表示赞成：agree with; be in favour of; be for5. on behalf of 代表一方【典例】1) My husband could not be here tonight, but l want to thank you on his behalf.我丈夫今晚因故不能前来, 我代表他向你们致谢。2) We attended the global conference on behalf of our country.6put up w
13、ith 忍受；容忍【典例】优质文档优质文档1) Im not going to put up with this! 我再也受不了啦！2) We have to put up with her bad temper. 我们只得忍受她的坏脾气。3) Noise is coming to the poin t where we cant put up with it. 噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步。短语归纳 put aside 节省；put away 储存；put down 写下put off 延期； put out 熄灭； put up 举起；7. so long as 只要【典例】1) As lo
14、ng as you dont betray me, Ill do whatever you ask me to (do). 只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。2) As long as live, I will help you. 只要我活着，我都会帮助你。来源:学#科#网 Z#X#X#K3) As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. 如果你开车小心，你就会很安全。4) I dont mind as long as it doesnt rain. 只要不下雨就行了。短语归纳 on condition that 在的条件下II
15、I.重点句型 Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide. 这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫 “温室”气体,其中最重要的就是二氧化碳.解释one/all/every/each/part of which(whom)引导的定语从句，表示 “他（它）们中的一个/所有/每/部分”典例1) I have three good friends, all of whom have emigrated to U.S.A.我有三个好朋
16、友，他们都移民美国了。2) Here are many kitties, two of which are yellow.这有许多小猫，其中两只是黄色的。三、语法突破It 的用法（2）1）用作形式主语，代替由不定式或不定式复合结构，表示的真正主语It is better to lose a friend than to do this.与其这样做到不如失去一个朋友。It is fun for her to study, but it is difficult to study and work at the same time.对于她来 说学习是有趣的，可是要边工作边学习对她来说是困难的。 来
17、源:学科网来源:学科网ZXXK来源:学,科,网2）It +系动词+ 形容词（或名词）(+of /for +sb)+不定式短语。若要Its very kind of you to call.你能给我打电话真是太好了。优质文档优质文档说明动词不定式的动作是由谁做的时候，后接 for sb.。能用于这个句型的形容词有：difficult，hard ， easy， possible，necessary， important等；如说明动词不定式的逻辑主语的性质、品质、特性时，后接of sb.。能用于这个句型的形容词有：nice，kind，wise，clever，foolish，stupid ，brigh
18、t，right，wrong，silly 等。例如：Its difficult for us to understand what she said.我们很难理解她说的话。来源:Z_xx_k.Com3）It takes/took sb. some time to do sth 表示“花费某人多少时间做某事”。例如：How long will it take you to complete the trip? 完成这次旅行你要花多长时间？来源:学科网4）It+ makes+宾语 +宾补+ 不定式 。例如：来源:Z|xx|k.ComIt makes me uncomfortable to go sw
19、imming in such a cold day.在这样冷的天气里游泳，使得我非常不舒服。5）It+ be+ time （for sb.） +不定式。 例如：Its time for us to go to school 我们该去上学去了。Its high time that Robert went to school.罗勃特该去上学的时间了。It来源:学*科*网用作引导词6）It+系动词+ 形容词或名词+名词性从句（真正的主语是名词性从句）。用于此句型中的名词词组常见的有:a pity, a shame, no wonder, a fact, an pleasure, a surprise
20、, 等；如果形容词是表示建议、命令、要求等意义，从句中的谓语动词常用动词原形或省略 should.这类常见的形容词有 :necessary, important, possible, Its a pity that I didnt think of it earlier.很可惜我没有早点考虑它。It is necessary that the young learn to use the computer.青年人学习使用电脑是十分必要的。优质文档优质文档strange, good, lucky, interesting, glad,等。例如：7）It+系动词+ 过去分词+名词性从句。 常用于此
21、句型的分词有：said, told, reported, known, announced, expected, believed, thought, 等。在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动句中，从句中的谓语动词常用(should) do 形式。这类常见的过去分词有：desired， suggested， advised， requested， ordered，proposed， commanded 等。例如：It is said that (=People say that ) the meeting will be put off till next Friday.据说会议将推迟到下周五举
22、行。It is known that(=People know that ) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.众所周知，世上无难事，只怕有心人。 8）It+系动词+ 现在分词+名词性从句。例如：来源:Zxxk.ComIt isnt surprising that he should marry her.他娶她没有什么惊奇的。Its inspiring that weve won the first three games.真令人鼓舞我们开头这三场比赛都赢了。9）It+ look/seem/appear/ happen +th
23、at-clause。 此句型可转化为不定式结构，常见的此类动词有：seem, happen. appear. worry, matter。例如：It happened that I knew which room she lived in.我碰巧知道他住哪间房。It worried him that his hair has turned a little white.使他烦恼的是他的头发变的有点白了。It seems that he was late for the train.看来他没有搭上火车。10）真正的主语是动名词 It + be + no +use(good， help)+doin
24、g sth.此句型中的 it 作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，适用于这个句型的形容词有：use，useless， good， worthwhile 等。例如：It was no use talking to them 和他们谈论是没有用处的。It is no use asking him to come now. He is busy.请他现在就来是徒劳的，他很忙。11）（在动词think，find，consider，feel，makeHe found it important to study the situation of Russian 他发现研究俄国形势是很重要的。优质文档优质文档，b
25、elieve，expect 等后）作形式宾语。例如：We consider it not useful to do it.我们认为做那事是没有用的。This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop very quickly.这就使得工 农业必须飞速发展。 12）主语+谓语+it 宾补+名词性从句。例如：They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.他们要向公众表明，他们的工作不但重要而且是
26、必不可少的。2.it 引导的几个容易混淆的句型有：1）It +be 的适当形式+时间+since从句这个句型表示从 since 从句中的谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为“自从以来已多久了”。例如：It is(or has been)a year since returned home我回家已有一年 。( 当主句的表语是表示时间的累积数时，允许主句用现在一般时。本句不能改为:*I have returned home for a year ) It is a month since I called you up.我已有一个月未给你打电话了。(本句原意是：自从我上次给你打电话起
27、，到现已有一个月了。) It is already a year since she was an engineer她不当工程师已有一年。(不是“她当工程师已有 一年”。)2）It + be 的适当形式+时间+before 从句此句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语，如long，years，months，weeks，days，hours，minutes 等。主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长时间才”，主句谓语动词用否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就”。如：It wont be long before we meet each other我们不久就会见面的。It was not long bef
28、ore she recited those poem s没过多久她就背下了那些诗。3）It +be 的适当形式+ 时间+when从句在这个句型中 it 指时间，而It was already 10 oclock when we got home当我们到家时已经十点了。It will be midnight when they get there他们优质文档优质文档且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是 will be 时，when 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：到达那里时将会是半夜。【考题印证】1.（2012 陕西
29、卷）13. No matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.A. him B this C. that D. it 【解析】D 。考查代词。所填词做使役动词 make 的形式宾语，真正宾语是 to go for a walk，选 D。2.（2012 全国 II）9. Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A. herself B. this C. that D. it 【解析】D。考查代词
30、的用法。此处 it 是形式主语，代替后面的不定式短语。句意 ：Sarah今天早上成功地及时到达了机场赶上了她的航班。3.（2012 四川卷）2. New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.A. that B. this C. one D. it 【解析】D。本题考查代词。题干为固定句型： make + it + adj. + to do。其中 it 作形式宾语，替代动词不定式 to turn out ne w products faster and at a
31、 lower cost。句意为：新兴科技已经使得更快地、以更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。【真题体验】1.（2011 天津卷,1）We feel our duty to make our country a better place.A. it B. this C. that D. one2.（2011 山东卷,24）The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.A. it B. them C. her D. that3.（2011 江西卷 25）Why dont you
32、 bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on?A. that B.it C.his D.him4.（2011福建卷 33It was April 29, 2001 _ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.A.that B.when C.since D.before5.（2011四川卷 6As it reported, it is 100 years _Qinghua University was
33、 优质文档优质文档founded. A. when B. before C. after D. since6.（2010 陕西）John thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since7.（2011河南郑州四中第一次调研）26._ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.A. This B. That C. What D. It8.（2011 陕西宝鸡质量检测）_ felt funny watching myself
34、 on TV. A. One B. This C. It D. That9.（2011 山东济宁模拟一）_ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.AThis BThat CWhat DIt 10.（2011 北京丰台区模拟一）The foreign minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is【答案解析】1.【解析】A。考查代词 it 的用法 。句意为“我们觉
35、得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职责。”it 在此句中充当形式宾语，代指“to make our country a better place”。 因此选 A。2.【解析】A。考查 it 的用法 。句意为“这两个女孩长得很相像，不熟悉的人很难将她俩区分开来。”it 在此句中充当形式宾语，代指“to tell one from the other”。 因此选 A。3.【解析】B。考查代词 it 作形式宾语的用法。句意为“为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能工作下去？”it 作形式宾语，指代句子后面 that 引导的宾语从句。因此选B。4.【解析】B。考查时间状语从句。句意为： 2001 年
36、 4 月 29 日，威廉王子和凯特步入了婚姻的殿堂。5.【解析】D。考查状语从句。 “It is + 时间段 +since + 从句（谓语为一般过去时）”为固定句型，故【答案】选 D。句意为： “正如所报道的那样，自从清华大学建校以来已有100 年时间了。”6.【解析】C。考查状语从句。所填词引导状语从句 , 构成 It（will ）be+时间段+状语从句, 意思是：过多久才将., 选 C。7.【解析】D。考查代词的用法。此处 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 the way，he keeps changing his mind 是 the way 的定语从句。8.【解析】C。考查代词的用法。 it 为形式主语, 真正的主语为动名词短语 watching myself on TV。9.【解析】D。考查代词的用法。他不停地改变 他的想法让我很烦恼。这是一个主语从句, the way he keeps changing his mind 是主语从句, it 是形式主语。
