1、第二部分 阅读理解专题十四 事实细节Passage 1(2012高考大纲卷)Make Up Your Mind to SucceedKindhearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure.The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyones a winner.” And thei
2、r report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before.As a result，Stanford University professor Carol Dweck，PhD， calls them “the overpraised generation.”Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years.Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mindsets that ha
3、ve a great effect on how we react to it.Heres how they work：A fixed mindset is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic youre a born artist，point guard，or numbers person.The fixed mindset believes its sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame.When things get
4、 difficult，it s quick to blame， lie，and even stay away from future difficulties.On the other hand，a growth mindset believes that no talent is entirely heavensent and that effort and learning make everything possible.Because the ego (自尊) isnt on the line as much，the growth mindset sees failure as a c
5、hance rather than shame.When faced with a difficulty，it s quick to rethink，change and try again.In fact，it enjoys this experience.We are all born with growth mindsets.(Otherwise，we wouldnt be able to live in the world.) But parents，teachers ，and instructors often push us into fixed mindsets by encou
6、raging certain actions and misdirecting praise.Dwecks book，Mindset：The New Psychology of Success，and online instructional program explain this in depth.But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children，grandchildren and even you are never defeated by
7、 failure.What does the author think about the present generation?1.AThey dont do well at school.BThey are often misunderstood.CThey are eager to win in sports.DThey are given too much praise.A fixed mindset person is probably one who _2.Adoesnt want to work hardBcares a lot about personal safetyCcan
8、not share his ideas with othersDcan succeed with the help of teachersWhat does the growth mindset believe?3.AAdmitting failure is shameful.BTalent comes with ones birth.CScores should be highly valued.DGetting over difficulties is enjoyable.What should parents do for their children based on Dwecks s
9、tudy?4.AEncourage them to learn from failures.BPrevent them from making mistakes.CGuide them in doing little things.DHelp them grow with praise.Passage 2(2012高考天津卷)Bicycle SafetyOperation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus (校园). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for wal
10、kers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rackeven if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. Its fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently
11、records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.EquipmentBrakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly.Lights Always have a front headlightv
12、isible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.Rules of the RoadRiding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus
13、 is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of way to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid，call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes
14、. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such spots can result in a fine.If Things Go WrongIf you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for.No bicycle registration$25Bicycle park
15、ing banned$30Blocking path with bicycle$40Violation of bicycle equipment requirement$351Registration of your bicycle may help you_Afind your stolen bicycleBget your serial numberCreceive free repair servicesDsettle conflicts with walkers2According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice
16、 for bicycle riders?ABrakes. BA helmet.CA headlight. DA taillight.3When you ride a bicycle on the campus, _Aride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalksBcycle at a speed of over 15 mphCput the walkers right of way firstDcall the police before leaving in case of accident4If you lock your bicycle to a t
17、ree on the campus, you could be fined _A$25 B$30 C$35 D$405What is the passage mainly about?AA guide for safe bicycling on campus.BDirections for bicycle tour on campus.CRegulations of bicycle race on campus.DRules for riding motor vehicles on campus.Passage 1这是一篇科普文章，讲述了两种 类型 a fixed mindset和 a gro
18、wth mindset的不同思想意识，并建议人们应该正确对待他 们。1D 细节分析题。由第一段最后一句知 the overpraised generation 与 D 项符合，与ABC 三项不符，故选 D。2A 细节理解题。由第三段 The fixed mindset believes its sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame.可知答案 A 正确，其它三项不恰当。3D 由第四段可推断 the growth mindset enjoys this experience，故 D 项正确
19、。4A 细节推断题。由最后一句可知，只有从失败中吸取教训，才不会被失败击败，故 A 项正确。Passage 2本文是关于校园安全骑车的相关措施的介绍。1A 事实细节题。据 Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.可知。故选 A。2D 事实细节题。据 Equipment 章节可知，brakes a helmet a headline 都是必备的。故选 D。3C 事实细节题。由 Always give the right of way to walkers 可知，C 项正确，故选C。4B 事实细节题。由 Bicycle parking banned$30 可知， B 项正确，故选 B。5A 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍校园安全骑车的相关规定。故选 A。
