1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文RURALEDUCATIONINROMANIAPRESENTANDPERSPECTIVESABSTRACTTHECURRENTSTUDYCONTAINSTHEMAINCONCLUSIONSOFAFIELDRESEARCHMADEIN61ROMANIANVILLAGESWHOSEOBJECTIVEISTOCAPTURESPECIFICCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEFORMSANDTHERURALEDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONSTHELOCALEDUCATIONALSYSTEMUNDERRESEARCHDEPENDSONFACTORSLIKE
2、EXPERIENCEANDDEGREEEDUCATIONOFTHELOCALEDUCATIONALSTAFFTHELOGISTICOFTHELOCALEDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONSTHESPECIFICSEARCHINGMETHODSUSEDBYEACHINSTITUTIONTHEINTERFERENCESWITHTHECITYCOMMUNITYRURALURBANEINTERRELATIONSHIPSTARTINGONTHISCONCLUSIONSANDPRIORITY,TRUSTFULLYTHINKINGTHEOBJECTIVEDATA,THERESEARCHPAPERSP
3、RESENTSOMEACHIEVEMENTDIRECTIONSFORABETTERPLACEDRURALEDUCATION1INTRODUCTIONKNOWINGTHEVALUABLECULTURALEDUCATIONALTRADITIONSWHOWEREOFFERINGDURINGTIMEVITALITYTOTHERURALEDUCATIONALWORLDBUTALSOTHOSEWHOMANAGETODEVELOPORSTOPFROMEVOLVINGSOMEOFTHERURALEDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONS,WETHOUGHTUSEFULANDNECESSARYTHEUNDE
4、RGOINGOFANEMPIRICFIELDRESEARCHHAVINGASPURPOSETHESTUDYOFSPECIFICASPECTSOFRURALEDUCATIONFOLLOWINGBOTHDIRECTIONSINTHEHISTORICALEVENTSTHEHORIZONTALLYANDTHEVERTICALLYLEVEL,EMPHASIZINGONTHEVALUEANDTHEROLESTHATTHEFORMSANDTHERURALEDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONSHAVETHERESEARCHMADEIN61ROMANIANVILLAGESWASORIENTEDBYTHE
5、NEXTOBJECTIVESIDENTIFYINGTHEHUMANANDMATERIALRESOURCESANDALSOTHEFORMSANDTHEMETHODSUSEDTOPUTINVALUETHERURALEDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONSDISCOVERINGTHEDYSFUNCTIONALFACTORS,THENEGATIVETHINGSWHODEGRADEDINTIMESOMEFORMSANDSYSTEMSOFTHERURALEDUCATIONSETTINGUPTHELONGTERMFACTORSTOPLACEANDREPLACETHERURALEDUCATIONTOTH
6、ELEVELOFTHEIRIMPORTANCEANDINTEGRATEITINTODEVELOPMENTPROJECTSCONCERNINGTHESPECIFICAREAOFOURINVESTIGATION,THEREVIEWINGOFSOMEINDICATORSSUCHASTHEMATERIALCONDITIONOFTHEEDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONSCULTURALHOME,SCHOOL,LOCALLIBRARY,THEVOLUMEANDTHEQUALITYOFTHEPERSONALHAVINGEDUCATIONALMEANING,THEFORMSANDTHEEDUCATI
7、ONALMETHODSOFTHESPECIFICRURALEDUCATORSONTHELOCALPOPULATIONETC,THISREVIEWREVEALEDBYCOMPARINGASORTOFGOODANDBADFACTORSWHOAREIMPRINTINGTHEFUNCTIONINGOFTHERURALEDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONSTHEKNOWLEDGEOFTHESEFACTORSISVERYIMPORTANTBECAUSETHISWAYTHEEXPECTATIONSFACTORSCANBEDISCOVEREDINATTEMPTOFDEVELOPINGTHEEDUCAT
8、IONINTHERURALAREASTHEFIELDRESEARCHRESULTSWENTUSTOTHECONCLUSIONTHATTHEEFFICIENCYOFTHELOCALEDUCATIONALSYSTEMDEPENDSONTHEFOLLOWINGFACTORSEXPERIENCEANDDEGREEEDUCATIONOFTHELOCALEDUCATIONALSTAFFTHELOGISTICTHESPECIFICSEARCHINGMETHODSUSEDBYEACHINSTITUTIONTHERURALURBANERELATIONSHIP11THEFUNCTIONINGEFFICIENCYO
9、FTHEEDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONSDEPENDSONTHEPROFESSIONALDEGREEOFTHOSEWORKINGINIT,SHOWUSTHERESULTOFOURPROJECTFOREXAMPLE,THEREWHERETHECULTURALHOMESDIRECTORSHADCOMPLETEDSPECIFICEDUCATIONINORGANIZEDFORMSLIKECOURSESOFMANYYEARS,YOUCANTELLABOUTTHEIRVOCATIONALSTATUSBYTHEACTIVITIESTHEYORGANIZEDANDTHEFEEDBACKRECEI
10、VEDFROMTHEVILLAGEPOPULATION,FROMTHEIRPARTICIPATIONTOTHEPROGRAMSTHISCASEAPPLIESONLYINTWOVILLAGESSARMASANDDEDA,PLACESWHEREINDEEDTHECULTURALHOMEDESERVETOBECALLEDCULTURALINSTITUTIONMORETHENTHAT,THEPRINCIPALSOFTHISTWOINSTITUTIONSARETHEONLYONESINTHERESEARCHEDAREAWHOBESIDESTHEIRJOBSTHEYHAVETWOMOREPROFESSIO
11、NALRESPONSIBILITIESTIDEUPWITHTHEIRCULTURALHOMESRUNNERCAPACITIES,SUCHASPRINCIPALOFTHEPOPULARUNIVERSITYANDALSOLEADEROFTHELOCALMUSICBANDLIBRARIANANDUPHOLDEROFTHELOCALMUSEUMTHEREFOREMOSTOFTHEIRTIMEISSPENDFORTHEGOODFUNCTIONOFTHEINSTITUTIONSTHEYRUN,FACTWHICHISBETTERREVEALEDBYTHEACTIVITIESTHEYORGANIZENOTTH
12、ESAMETHINGHAPPENSINOTHERLOCATIONSLIKESUPLACANDCOROISANMARTINWHERETHECULTURALHOMESHAVEONLYNAMESANDNOTLEADERSINFACT,BECAUSEINTHECURRICULUMISNOTTOBEFOUNDANYCULTURALEDUCATIONALACTIVITY“THECULTURALHOMEUSEDTOBECULTURALONCENOWTHECULTUREMOVEDINTOBARS,DISCOCLUBSANDTELEVISION“ANOLDVILLAGEMANSAIDINDEED,THECULT
13、URALHOMETODAYHADONLYASYMBOLICMEANINGINMOSTOFTHERURALAREASINSTEADOFWHATITMEANTTOBEINTHEPASTFORTHERURALCOMMUNITYASPERMANENTEDUCATIONCENTREJUSTTHEMEMORIESOFTHEPAST,AFUNCTIONALPASTKEEPSITALIVEWITHITSSTATUSOFCULTURALINSTITUTIONSADLY,TODAYINMOSTOFTHERURALLOCATIONSTHECULTURALHOMETHEREISANINSTITUTIONUSEDIN“
14、NOCTURNALLOISIR“PURPOSELIKEDISCOCLUB,WEDDINGS,PARTIESTHESAMEASINTHECULTURALHOMESCASE,INTHATCONCERNINGTHECOMMUNESLIBRARIES,THEPROFESSIONALTRAININGOFTHOSERUNNINGTHISINSTITUTIONSISVERYIMPORTANT,FACTPICKEDUPFROMTHEHIGHERPERCENTAGEOFREADERSINLIBRARY,ESPECIALLYFROMTHEPERCENTAGEOFADULTSREADERSOVER14YEARSOF
15、AGESINCEONTHEAREAUNDERINVESTIGATIONTHEPERCENTAGEOFTHE14YEARSOLDREADERSISTHEHIGHEST,OUTCOMINGFROMTHISSITUATIONTHEACCENTMADEONSCHOOLREADINGBUTALSOTHEWEAKIMPLICATIONOFTHEADULTSINRAISINGTHEIMPORTANCEOFPUBLICREADING12THEMATERIALCONDITIONOFTHERURALEDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONSITSANOTHERINDICATORFORITSFUNCTIONAL
16、STATUS,SHOWSOURRESEARCHRESULTSTHISEXPLAINWHYSOMEOFTHECULTURALHOMESWHOHAVEINTHEIRADMINISTRATIONROOMSFORDIFFERENTINSTRUCTIVECLASSESANDUNDERINVENTORYUSEHIGHTECHNIQUEDEVICESANDTHEIRBUDGETCOUNTCONSTANTHIGHFUNDSBILLIONSOFROMANIANLEIARELOOKEDFORTHEIREDUCATIVEPOTENTIAL,BECOMINGFINEINSTITUTIONSWITHAREACHEDUC
17、ATIVEACTIVITYASEXAMPLEWEHAVECULTURALHOMESFROMRUSIIMUNTI,SARMAS,RACIUANDDEDAWEMAYSAYTHATTHOSEWHOARERUNNINGTHESEINSTITUTIONSHAVELEARNEDNOTONLYTHECULTURALMANAGEMENT,BUTESPECIALLYTHEFINANCIALONEINOTHERLOCALITIESTHEBUILDINGSAREBADLYRUINED,TIMEDEGRADINGWHATISLEFTANDASTHOSEBUILDINGSWHOCOMESFROMANOLDPOQUE“A
18、RETOBEPRESERVED“THE“HAPPY“REALITYISTHATAREUSEDFORNIGHTCLUBSANDOTHERKINDOFENTERTAININGWESHOULDNOTFORGETTHATATTHEPRESENTTIMETHESEINSTITUTIONSAREWORKINGINSELFFINANCINGREGIME,LAWNR4421994REPUBLISHEDIN1997RULENR9“FINANCINGTHECURRENTCOSTSANDTHECULTURALHOMESCAPITALISUPHELDBYEXTRABUDGETFUNDSANDMONEYALLOCATI
19、ONCOMINGFROMTHELOCALCOMMUNEBUDGET“THISWAY,THECULTURALHOMESBECOMEFINANCIALSPEAKINGDIRECTSUBORDINATEDTOTHELOCALCOMMUNECOUNCILSOMETIMES,THESITUATIONSCREATEDBYTHISFACTAREBECOMINGSTRANGETHECULTURALHOMESHELDINTHELOCALCOMMUNEBOARDOFDIRECTIONSHANDSHAVEFROMTIMETOTIMESTRANGEACTIVITIESLIKEDANCINGNIGHTSNOQUESTI
20、ONSFORINVESTMENTSANDRENOVATETHEBUILDINGSTHENFORCHANGINGTHESADLYREALITYTHEREISNEEDFORSPECIFICTRAININGOFPRINCIPALS,ANEXTRAPROFESSIONALEXPERIENCETOHANDLETHISKINDOFSITUATIONS,TOMANAGERUNNINGTHEINSTITUTIONBUDGETWITHFINANCIALPROJECTSANDOUTCOMINGFUNDSFROMTHE61VILLAGESUNDERINVESTIGATION,17THDOESNTHAVEASCHOO
21、LANDFROMTHE44THRURALSCHOOL23RDAREJUSTPRIMARYSCHOOLSITCOMESOUTTHATTHEDIFFICULTPROBLEMOFLITTLEKIDSHAVINGTOWALKLONGDISTANCESISAFFECTINGTHESCHOOLRESULTS,THELEARNINGEFFICIENCYPROBABLYTHATSWHYTHESCHOOLINSTRUCTIONRATEITSMOREREDUCEDINRURALAREASTHENINTHEURBANEZONE,THESAMEASSCHOOLDROPPINGFREQUENCYISHIGHERINVI
22、LLAGESCHILDRENHAVINGCOMMUTATIONPROBLEMSPREFERANIMMEDIATEJOB,AQUICKINCOMETOATTENDINGSCHOOLORBEINGUNDERPARENTSAUTHORITYTHEYWORKONAGRICULTUREANDHAVEHOUSEHOLDDUTIES13THEEFFICIENCYOFTHELOCALEDUCATIONALSYSTEMSDEPENDSONTHEEDUCATIONALFORMSTHATEACHINSTITUTIONAPPLIESTHISEXPLAINWHYSOMEOFTHECULTURALHOMESHAVEHIG
23、HATTENDANCETOTHEIRACTIVITIESOFVILLAGEPEOPLE,MEANWHILEOTHERCULTURALHOMESHAVEPOORATTENDANCEORNOTATALLTHESEINSTITUTIONSWITHAHIGHEFFICIENCYLEVEL,MANAGETOINTEGRATEINTHEIRCURRICULUMCULTURALEDUCATIVEEXPERIENCESFROMTHEPASTBUTAREALSOREADYTOINVOLVETHEMSELVESINTONEWVALUESOFTHECONTEMPORARYSOCIETY,STRAIGHTLINEOF
24、THECULTURALVALUESEXISTENCETHISSITUATIONISTOBEFOUNDINSARMAS,DEDAANDRACIU,LOCATIONSWHEREOLDCUSTOMSANDTRADITIONARESTILLALIVE,MAINTAINEDINVALUEBYTHECULTURALHOMESACTIVITIESWHERENEWTHINGSLIKEPOPULARMUSICDANCINGGROUPS,FOLKMUSICBAND,THEATRETEAMSETCAREALWAYSINPREPARATIONANDORGANIZATION,BUTWHERETHEREISPLACEAL
25、SOFORMODERNANDNECESSARYTHINGSLIKEOPERATINGCOMPUTERSCOURSES,MODERNDANCING,AEROBICS,FOREIGNLANGUAGESCOURSESANDSOONAPOSITIVEMODELWHOSHOULDBEFOLLOWEDANDGENERALIZEDFORALLCULTURALHOMESISTHEONEINSARMASWHOSINVOLVINGTHEPOPULARUNIVERSITY,MEMBEROFTHEPOPULARUNIVERSITIESNATIONALASSOCIATIONTHISUNIVERSITYHASALARGE
26、CURRICULUMWHICHINCLUDESMANYREQUESTEDACTIVITIESFROMTHEPRESENTFORAPERMANENTSPECIALIZATIONOFADULTSONTHESAMECHAPTER,SEEMSTHATTHELOCALLIBRARIESMANAGETOBEATTRACTIVEBYTHEIRMETHODSANDEDUCATIONALFORMSDIVERSITYFORALARGENUMBEROFREADERSSARMASLIBRARYISORGANIZINGSYMPOSIUMS,ROUNDTABLEMEETINGS,DISCUSSIONSWITHKNOWNW
27、RITERS,POETRYNIGHTSBUTALSOCELEBRATIONSOFTHELOCALANDNATIONALEVENTSONTHEAREAUNDERRESEARCH,THISCOMMUNESLIBRARYISTHEONEWITHTHEMOSTIMPORTANTPERCENTAGEOFBOOKREADERS14FINALLY,ANOTHERINDICATORFORTHEFUNCTIONINGLEVELANDEFFICIENCYOFTHELOCALEDUCATIONALSYSTEMSISTHEONECONCERNINGTHEGEOGRAPHICALSITUATIONOFTHEAREASU
28、NDERINVESTIGATIONASSAMEASTHEONEOFTHECOMMUNESTRUCTUREMADEFROMSURROUNDINGVILLAGESTHEREAREBIGDIFFERENCESBETWEENLOCATIONSNEARBYURBANEAREAANDTHOSEFARAWAYFROMITTHEREARECOMMUNECENTERSVERYURBANIZEDANDCULTURALEDUCATIVESPEAKINGTHEREAREVILLAGESTAKINGPARTFROMTHECOMMUNEWITHNOELEMENTSOFDEVELOPMENTWHATSOEVEREVEN,W
29、ITHNOELECTRICITYATALLTHEREWEREESTABLISHASORTOFDIFFERENCESCONCERNINGTHEFUNCTIONINGLEVELOFTHECULTURALHOME,CONCERNINGTHEFORMS,THEEDUCATIONALMETHODSANDTHERECEPTIVENESSOFTHEVILLAGEPEOPLETOTHECULTURALACTIVITIESTAKINGPLACEINTHESEINSTITUTIONSINCONNECTIONWITHTHEGEOGRAPHICALSITUATIONOFTHEVILLAGESINCLUDEDTHERE
30、AREDIFFERENCESBETWEENTHECULTURALHOMESACTIVITIESOFTHOSESITUATEDONMOUNTAINAREAS,ISOLATED,ANDTHOSEUPONHILLSORLARGEFIELDSAREASITCOMESOUTTHATINTHERURALCOUNTRYSIDE,INISOLATEDVILLAGES,THEORGANIZEDACTIVITIESHELDONCULTURALHOMEHAVEATRADITIONALPURPOSE,BEINGORIENTEDESPECIALLYONKEEPINGALIVETHELOCALANDNATIONALCUS
31、TOMS,OLDTRADITIONSANDROMANIANFOLKELEMENTSINACHANGE,ONTHEHILLSCOUNTRYSIDEANDONTHEVILLAGESCLOSETOCITYWEFINDNEWMODERNELEMENTSLIKEMODERNDANCES,AEROBICSGYMNASTICETC,REPLACINGTHETRADITIONALONESREGARDINGTHECOMMUNESSTRUCTUREUNDERINVESTIGATION,ISASCERTAINANEDUCATIVEDOMINANTNOTEOFTHECULTURALHOMEFROMRESIDENCEV
32、ILLAGEOVERTHERESTOFTHEVILLAGESINCLUDEDINTHECOMMUNE,VILLAGESWHOBYTHEWAY,DONTHAVECULTURALHOMESINUSEONTHEFIELDAREASWHERECOMMUNESHAVEABIGNUMBEROFVILLAGESINCLUDEDINTHISCASEITSABOUT32VILLAGESFROM3COMMUNEUNDERINVESTIGATIONJUST9HAVECULTURALHOMESANDONLY3FROM9THERESIDENCEVILLAGESHAVESOMESORTOFCULTURALEDUCATIV
33、EPURPOSEOVERLOCALPOPULATION,ONDIFFERENTLEVELSOFACTIVITYUPHILLCOMMUNESHAVESTRUCTURESGENERALLYMADEOF45VILLAGES,ALLOFTHEMHAVINGCULTURALHOMESINFUNCTIONALSTATEBUTINOURCASEEVENTHATFROM18VILLAGES,17HAVETHISINSTITUTIONS,THEYDONTWORKPROPERLY,THEREARENOTUSEDIFITSNOTARESIDENCEVILLAGEWESPEAKINGOF,THUSFROMTHOSEW
34、EINVESTIGATE,2OFTHEMDIDNTEVENTRYTOORGANIZESOMESORTOFEDUCATIONALMOVEMENTWHILEWEWERECONDUCTINGTHERESEARCH2CONCLUSIONSSTARTINGONTHESECONCLUSIONSTHATTHEFIELDRESEARCHHADREVEALEDUSANDPRIORITY,TRUSTFULLYTHINKINGTHEOBJECTIVEDATA,WEAREGOINGTOPRESENTTHELOGICPROPOSALSDEDUCTEDFROMTHESTUDYRESULTSACHIEVEMENTDIREC
35、TIONSFORABETTERPLACEDRURALEDUCATION21RURALSCHOOLPRIORITYDIRECTIONSOFINTERVENTIONAIMPROVEMENTOFTHEWORKINGINVENTORYOFRURALSCHOOLREORGANIZATIONOFTHERURALLIBRARIES,FILLINTONEWBOOKSANDOTHEREDUCATIVEMATERIALSFITTINGOUTWITHMODERNDEVICESTHESCHOOLLABSANDENDOWINGEACHSCHOOLWITHACOMPUTERSYSTEMBTHECUSTODYANDPROF
36、ESSIONALTRAININGOFTHEEDUCATORSFORTHERURALSCHOOLSKEEPINGTHEQUALIFIEDPERSONALINTHEAREAHIGHLYMOTIVATETHENONQUALIFIEDSTAFFTOATTENDPROFESSIONALCOURSESOFTEACHINGINSTITUTIONSINVOLVINGTHETEACHERSINCOMMUNITYLIFEFOREXTENDINGTHEINTERESTAREABESIDESCHOOLCTHESCHOOLINTEGRATIONINTHECOMMUNITYTHELOCALAUTHORITIES,THEL
37、OCALCOMMUNITYSHOULDBEMORERESPONSIBLEOFSCHOOLSTATEBECAUSETHESEINSTITUTIONSAREDEPENDINGASINFRASTRUCTUREROOMS,SPACESFOREDUCATION,KEEPINGHYGIENE,CLEANING,CONSTRUCTIONORREJUVENATINGWORKSETCBYTHELOCALCOMMUNITIESDCONNECTIONBETWEENSCHOOLANDCOMMUNITY,TAKINGCAREOFTHEAREACHARACTERISTICSTHEEDUCATIONALCURRICULUM
38、CANBESETTLECONCERNINGTHEAREASEDUCATIVENEEDSSOMENEWOPTIONALCLASSESCANBEINTRODUCEDINSCHOOLS,OPTIONALCLASSESLIKEAGRICULTURE,LOCALCUSTOMSANDTRADITIONS,INTERCULTURALEDUCATIONETC22CULTURALHOMEDIRECTIONSOFINTERVENTIONIPROFESSIONALTRAININGANDSPECIALIZATIONOFCULTURALHOMESPRINCIPALSAIDENTIFYINGANDRECRUITINGTH
39、ECULTURALHOMEPERSONALBPROFESSIONALTRAININGOFCULTURALHOMESPERSONALTHEINITIALANDPERMANENTTRAININGFOREDUCATINGADULTS,THETEACHINGMETHODOLOGYONTHEEDUCATIVEWORKWITHADULTSMANAGERIALTRAININGOFTHECULTURALHOMESPRINCIPALSORIENTEDINMANYDIRECTIONSLEADINGMANAGEMENT,CULTURALMANAGEMENT,PROJECTMANAGEMENTETCIIRENOVAT
40、IONANDMODERNREARRANGEMENTOFTHECULTURALHOMEAELABORATIONOFINVESTMENTPROJECTSFORCULTURALHOMESHAVINGASPURPOSEBUILDINGNEWONES,MAJOROVERHAULSANDMODERNIZETHOSEALREADYEXISTING,FOLLOWINGMODERNPROJECTSWHOSHOULDASSURETHEMGOODFUNCTIONANDBEINGSPECIFIC,HAVINGHIGHSTANDARDSFORTHISKINDOFCULTURALINSTITUTIONSBLAWIMPRO
41、VEMENTCONCERNINGTHECULTURALINSTITUTIONONSELFFINANCINGREGIMESOURCERURALEDUCATIONINROMANIAPRESENTANDPERSPECTIVESTOMULETIU,ADRIANAELENAA,MORARU,ADELAA,TARGUMURES,4300,ROMANIA译文罗马尼亚的农村教育现状和前景摘要本文的研究包含了对61个罗马尼亚村庄的主要研究结论，其目标是捕捉农村教育机构的形式和具体特点。研究发现，当地的教育体系取决于以下因素当地教育人员的经验和学历，当地教育机构的后勤每个学校所使用的具体的搜索方法与城市社区（城乡
42、关系）的联系。在这个结论的基础上，通过对客观数据分析思考，本研究论文为农村教育的更好发展提供了一些更好的方向。1正文了解了宝贵的文化教育传统不仅给农村教育注入了活力，而且还给一些农村教育机构的管理，发展或停止提供了借鉴，我们认为从历史事件中（横向、纵向）研究农村教育的具体方面，把重点放在农村教育机构的角色和农村教育形式的价值上，这一研究是有益的和必要的。在61个罗马尼亚村庄所作的研究是以以下目标为导向的确定农村教育机构良性发展所需的人和物质资源，还有所用的形式和方法；发现导致农村教育体系和形式随着时间退化的不正常因素和负面的事情；设立长期因素，其按照对农村教育重要性级别排序并将其纳入发展项目中
43、。考虑的我们调查地区的特殊性，我们对一些研究指标做了审查，如教育机构的物质条件（文化家庭，学校，当地图书馆），受过教育个人的质量和数量，具体教育者的教育方法和教育形式等，通过比较农村教育机构的运作现状和历史，这次审查发现了好的和坏的因素。了解这些因素是非常重要的，因为用这种方式我们需要的因素，可以在农村地区发展教育的尝试中发现。这次研究成果得到我们的结论是，当地教育系统的效率取决于下列因素地方教育工作人员的经验与学历教育；后勤；每个机构所用的具体的搜索方法；城乡关系。11我们的研究结果显示了教育机构的运作效率取决于这些工作者的专业学位。举例来说，如当地文化家园的决策者已完成组织形式特定教育，如
44、多年的课程教育，你可以在他们组织活动的时候告诉他们的职业地位和从参与他们项目的农村人口中得到的反馈。这一情况只适用于两个村庄（萨尔马和德达），这两个地方是不愧被称为文化机构的文化家园。而且，这两个机构的校长是我们的研究区域内唯一除了他们本身的工作外，还有两个更专业的职责和他们的文化家园一起运行，如大众大学校长，当地乐队的头；图书管理员，当地博物馆维护者。因此，他们的大部分时间是花费在让他们运行的机构功能良好上，其实这能从他们组织的活动中更好地透露出来。不一样的事情发生在在像萨普拉和喀罗马这种文化家园只有名字没有领导者的地区，因为在课程设置里，是发现不了任何文化教育活动的。“文化家园曾经是文化的
45、家，现在文化搬进了现酒吧，迪斯科俱乐部和电视”一位村里老人说。事实上，在过去意味着农村社区终身教育中心的文化家园，在今天的大多数农村地区，只具有象征性的意义。过去已成为回忆，它的文化机构的地位依旧活着。可悲的是，今天在大部分的农村地区，文化家园中有一个叫“夜间聚会”的机构，被用作喜欢迪斯科俱乐部，婚礼，派对等用途。和上述家园文化案例一样，关于公社的图书馆，对运行这些机构的人员提供专业培训也是很重要的，这样有助于从提升人们在读书馆阅读的比例，特别是14周岁以上成年人的阅读比例。因为在我们所调查的地区里，14岁的读者比例是最高的。因此，如果提高学生在学校中口音学习正确，也会减弱成年人提高公众阅读重
46、要性的意义。12我们的研究成果显示了农村教育机构的物质条件是其功能状态的另一个指标。这解释了为什么那些在为各种培训班管理，根据清单使用高技术设备和经费预算数恒定的高基金（数亿罗马尼亚雷）的文化家园在寻找潜在的教育意义，成为具有教育性活动的好机构。我们已经从鲁斯里，萨尔门，拉西和德达文化家园作为例子。我们可以说那些运行这些机构的人不仅学到了文化管理，同时特别学到了财务管理。在其他地方，建筑物受到严重破坏，最后剩下的是时间和那些建筑物被列入为“予以保护”的东西，“快乐”的现实是，现在这些建筑物用于夜总会和其他种娱乐性质的活动。我们不应该忘记，目前这些机构是以自负盈亏的制度在运行的，1994年颁布，
47、1997年再版的法律规定法治第九条，“文化家园的融资成本和资金花费坚持从额外的预算资金分配和来自当地公社预算”。这样一来，文化家园便直接服从于当地社区委员会。有时候，由这一事实所产生的情况会变得很奇怪，文化家园举办的活动在当地社区委员会的方向指引下变得越来越奇怪，比如夜间跳舞。然后也没有投资的问题和建筑物的改造。为了改变这一可悲的现实，我们需要对校长做特殊培训，培训内容包括用非专业经验来处理这种情况和用资金预算管理项目来运行管理机构。在调查的61个村庄中，17个村庄没有一所学校，44所农村小学里有23所是小学。所以，小孩子必须走很远的路去上学的难题影响了学习成绩和学习效率。也许这就是为什么在农
48、村学校教学速度比城市的要慢很多。同理，农村学校的辍学频率也远远高于城市学校。农村的小孩子更喜欢一份立即可以干活的工作，一份快速的收入可以让他们有钱继续上学。或者，有些孩子听从父母的话，在田里干农活并料理家务。13当地教育系统的效率取决于每个机构适用的教育形式。这解释了为什么有些村文化家园村民参加他们活动的次数多，热情高，而其他文化家园的活动村名参与程度低甚至根本没有。这些具有高效率的机构，设法从过去得来的文化教育性的经验纳入其课程，同时也准备把他们融入当代社会的新价值观，文化存在的价值。这一情况可以在萨尔玛，德达和拉西这种旧风俗和传统都还由文化家园的活动所保持着的地区发现。虽然这类文化家园活动
49、中，流行音乐舞蹈团体，民间乐队，戏剧队等新事物总是在筹备和组织着，但这些文化家园也是一个充满现代的和必要的事物的地方，比如操作计算机的课程，现代舞蹈，健美操，课程，外语等。萨尔玛文化家园同时运行当地公众大学（全国公办大学协会的成员之一）的这一积极模式，是值得所有的文化家园遵循和推广的。大学里有很多满足文化家园成人教育目前和未来需求的相关课程。同样的，当地图书馆为大量读者提供他们多样性的方法和教育形式似乎显的很有吸引力。萨尔玛图书馆不仅举办专题讨论会，圆桌会议，和著名作家讨论，诗歌之夜等，而且也举办和国家当地风俗和国家大事的庆祝活动。在我们调查的区域中，这个公社的图书馆是读者比例最多，图书馆对读者最重要的图书馆之一。14最后，另外一个影响当地教育系统的效率和运作水平的指标是一个我们所调研地区的地理情况的考虑，也就是一个由周围的村庄组成的公社结构。那些地点靠近城市的村庄和远离城市的村庄存在很大的差异。前者有很城市化的社区文化中心，后者的村庄只能参加一些没有什么发展甚至连电也没有的公社。我们对有关文化家园的运作水平差异因素进行了排序，包括教育的方法和形式，和村里的人乐于接受的文化活动，这活动发生的发生地点机构的连接情况和乡村的地理状况。我们发现位于山区的，孤立的文化家园活动和那些在山上或大场区的是有显著差异的。调查显示，在乡村田园和偏僻乡村，文化
