1、本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译原文二EUROPEANREALESTATERESEARCHANDEDUCATIONDEVELOPMENT,GLOBALIZATION,ANDMATURITYABSTRACTTHELAST10YEARSHASSEENTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFREALESTATERESEARCHINEUROPEANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFINTRAEUROPEANCONTACTSANDNETWORKSATTHESAMETIME,USACADEMICSHAVEBECOMEINCREASINGLYINTERESTEDINEUROPEANREALESTATERESE
2、ARCHANDSTRONGLINKSHAVEDEVELOPEDBETWEENEUROPEANANDUSREALESTATEACADEMICSFURTHERLINKSHAVEBEENESTABLISHEDBETWEENAUSTRALASIANANDEUROPEANACADEMICSTHIS,OFCOURSE,HASBEENSETAGAINSTABACKGROUNDOFTHEGLOBALIZATIONOFREALESTATEINVESTMENTANDTHECONSEQUENTGLOBALIZATIONOFREALESTATERESEARCHDURINGTHESAMEPERIOD,SPECIALIS
3、TREALESTATEEDUCATIONHASDEVELOPEDINANUMBEROFEUROPEANCOUNTRIESANDTHEFOCUSINREALESTATEEDUCATIONINTHEUNITEDKINGDOMHASCHANGEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFEUROPEANREALESTATERESEARCHMANYMAINLANDEUROPEANCOUNTRIESFORSOMETIMEHAVEHADSTRONGRESEARCHCOMMUNITIESINHOUSINGECONOMICS,URBANECONOMICS,ANDECONOMICGEOGRAPHY,BUTRESEARCH
4、INCOMMERCIALREALESTATEISAMUCHMORERECENTPHENOMENONMAINLANDEUROPEHASFEWSPECIALISTREALESTATEDEPARTMENTSINUNIVERSITIES,ANDASINTHEUNITEDSTATES,REALESTATERESEARCHTAKESPLACEINBUSINESS,ECONOMICS,ANDFINANCEDEPARTMENTSRESEARCHINREALESTATESTARTEDINTHENORTHERNEUROPEANCOUNTRIESFINLAND,GERMANY,THENETHERLANDS,SWED
5、EN,SWITZERLAND,ANDTHEUNITEDKINGDOM,BUTNOWHASEXPANDEDTOSEVERALCOUNTRIESINSOUTHERNEUROPEFRANCE,ITALY,ANDSPAINANDEASTERNEUROPESUCHASHUNGARY,POLAND,RUSSIA,ANDTHEUKRAINEALTHOUGHRESEARCHERSSHOULDBENEFITFROMTHENEWLYCREATEDAPPRAISALBASEDINDICESINFRANCE,IRELAND,ANDTHENETHERLANDS,DATAAVAILABILITYREMAINSACONST
6、RAINTFORRESEARCHERSINMANYOFTHESECOUNTRIESAVARIETYOFTOPICSHAVEBEENORAREBEINGEXAMINED,SUCHASTHECONSTRUCTIONOFREALESTATEINDICES,THESTUDYOFTENURECHOICEDECISIONS,THEROLEOFREALESTATEASAPORTFOLIODIVERSIFIERANDAHEDGEAGAINSTINFLATION,ANDTHEIMPACTOFSUBSIDIZEDHOUSINGONREALESTATEMARKETSINEASTERNEUROPE,GREATCONS
7、IDERATIONISGIVENTOTHEEFFECTSOFTHETRANSITIONTOAMARKETECONOMYANDTOENVIRONMENTALISSUESTHISLATTERSTREAMOFRESEARCHALSOHASDRAWNCONSIDERABLEATTENTIONFROMUSRESEARCHERSCOMPAREDTOUSREALESTATERESEARCH,EUROPEANREALESTATERESEARCHHASFOCUSEDTOALESSERDEGREEONFINANCEANDTOASTRONGERDEGREEONPLANNING,LANDDEVELOPMENT,AND
8、URBANECONOMICSINGENERAL,EUROPEANURBANECONOMICSRESEARCHALSOHASTENDEDTOEXPLOREMOREFULLYALTERNATIVETHEORETICALFRAMEWORKSTONEOCLASSICALECONOMICSHOWEVER,MOREANDMOREYOUNGACADEMICSAREPURSUINGRESEARCHINREALESTATEWITHANINVESTMENTANDFINANCEFOCUSWITHTHESURGEINREALESTATERESEARCHINEUROPE,THEEUROPEANREALESTATESOC
9、IETYERESWASCREATEDIN1994INITIALLY,ITSMAINFOCUSWASTOORGANIZEANANNUALCONFERENCEUNLIKEITSAMERICANCOUNTERPARTTHEAMERICANREALESTATESOCIETY,ARES,ERESDOESNOTASYETPUBLISHAJOURNALTHEDEVELOPMENTOFREALESTATERESEARCHINTHEUNITEDKINGDOMWITHINEUROPE,COMMERCIALREALESTATERESEARCHGREWFIRSTANDMOSTQUICKLYINTHEUNITEDKIN
10、GDOM,ANDTHELEADINITIALLYCAMEFROMTHEPRIVATESECTORTHEUNITEDKINGDOMISUNUSUALINEUROPEINTHATANEXCLUSIVEPROFESSION,SURVEYING,TRADITIONALLYHASDEALTWITHALLASPECTSOFREALESTATEFROMITSPHYSICALSTRUCTURETOINVESTMENTANALYSISINTHE1950SAND1960S,THEEDUCATIONOFREALESTATEPROFESSIONALSCONTAINEDASUBSTANTIALAMOUNTOFCONST
11、RUCTIONANDBUILDINGTECHNOLOGYANDVERYLITTLEINVESTMENTANDFINANCEITFOCUSEDONINDIVIDUALBUILDINGSRATHERTHANPORTFOLIOSRESEARCHTENDEDTOFOLLOWSIMILARPRIORITIES,ALTHOUGHOVERLAPSWITHPLANNINGEDUCATIONINSOMEINSTITUTIONSMEANTTHEEARLYDEVELOPMENTOFPLANNINGANDDEVELOPMENTRESEARCHASUKPROFESSIONALPRACTICEDEVELOPEDASTRO
12、NGERFOCUSONTHEFINANCIALASPECTSOFINDIVIDUALREALESTATEINVESTMENTSAND,LATER,ONPORTFOLIOSOFINVESTMENTS,MORERIGOROUSRESEARCHWASNEEDEDTOUNDERPININVESTMENTDECISIONSANDRESEARCHDEPARTMENTSWEREESTABLISHEDTHETRADITIONALSKILLSANDTHEEDUCATIONOFSURVEYORSWEREINAPPROPRIATEFORMANYOFTHEDEVELOPINGFUNCTIONSANDTHOSERECR
13、UITEDTORESEARCHDEPARTMENTS,INITIALLYINSURVEYINGFIRMSANDTHENINTHELARGEFINANCIALINSTITUTIONS,MAINLYWEREFROMBACKGROUNDSINECONOMICS,GEOGRAPHY,ANDPLANNINGASPRIVATEPRACTICEDEVELOPED,PARTICULARLYWITHINTHEINSTITUTIONS,THEREWASANEEDTOCOMPAREREALESTATEWITHOTHERINVESTMENTCLASSESASARESULT,PROGRESSIVELYSINCETHEM
14、ID1980SANDPARTICULARLYWITHINTHEINSTITUTIONS,THETRADITIONALBARRIERSBETWEENREALESTATEANDOTHERINVESTMENTPROFESSIONALSHAVEBEENBREAKINGDOWNTHESURVEYINGFIRMSCOLLECTEDAPPRAISALDATA,ANDANUMBERPRODUCEDANDREPORTEDRENT,YIELD,ANDRETURNSINDICESMOSTGOBACKTOTHEMIDDLETOLATE1970SBUTSOMEPOORERQUALITYDATAAREAVAILABLEF
15、ROMTHEEARLY1960STHESEINDICESHAVEALLOWEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFEMPIRICALRESEARCH,SUCHASREALESTATEMARKETFORECASTINGINCONTRASTTOTHEAVAILABILITYOFTHESEAPPRAISALBASEDDATA,DATAONSUPPLYANDVACANCYRATESNEVERHAVEBEENCOLLECTEDSYSTEMATICALLYBYTHEPRIVATESECTOROUTSIDELONDON,ANDWHATISAVAILABLEFROMTHEGOVERNMENTISOFPOORQUA
16、LITYACCORDINGLY,THEINCORPORATIONOFSUPPLYORVACANCYVARIABLESISMOREDIFFICULTTHANINTHEUNITEDSTATESATTHESAMETIMEASTHESECHANGESANDINAFEWCASESPREDATINGANDANTICIPATINGTHEM,ANUMBEROFOTHERDEVELOPMENTSOCCURREDFIRST,THEINVESTMENTPROPERTYDATABANKIPDWASESTABLISHEDTOPROVIDEAPERFORMANCEANALYSISOFUKREALESTATEPORTFOL
17、IOS,AMARKETINDEX,ANDARESEARCHDATABASEITNOWHASDETAILEDRECORDSGOINGBACKTO1981ONOVER29,000PROPERTIESSECOND,SURVEYINGEDUCATIONANDACADEMICRESEARCH,ENCOURAGEDBYTHE6HOESLIANDMACGREGORROYALINSTITUTIONOFCHARTEREDSURVEYORSRICS,DEVELOPEDINDIRECTIONSSIMILARTOTHEPROFESSIONALCHANGESANDBEGANTOPRODUCEBOTHGRADUATESA
18、NDRESEARCHMORESUITABLETOTHECHANGEDCONTEXTTHIRD,THESOCIETYOFPROPERTYRESEARCHERSSPRWASESTABLISHEDIN1987,INITIALLYWITHAMEMBERSHIPOFPRIVATESECTORRESEARCHERSBUTMORERECENTLYDRAWINGMOREOFITSMEMBERSHIPFROMACADEMICS,FIRSTFROMSURVEYINGANDTHENFROMAWIDERRANGEOFDISCIPLINESPROGRESSIVELY,SPECIALISTREALESTATEJOURNA
19、LSANDRESEARCHBASEDCONFERENCESDEVELOPED,DRAWINGINCONTRIBUTIONSFROMARANGEOFDISCIPLINES,WITHTHERESULTTHATTHESEGREWVERYQUICKLYINQUALITYANDIMPORTANCEJOURNALSTHEFIRSTJOURNALSFOCUSINGONLANDANDREALESTATEMARKETSHADANURBANANDHOUSINGECONOMICSFOCUSANDWEREESTABLISHEDINTHEMID1960SSPECIALISTREALESTATEJOURNALSHAVEB
20、EENESTABLISHEDMORERECENTLYFORREASONSOFTHEEARLIERDEVELOPMENTOFTHESUBJECT,THELARGERSIZEOFTHERESEARCHCOMMUNITY,ANDLANGUAGE,MOSTOFTHESEJOURNALSAREUKBASEDSOMEREALESTATEJOURNALSALSOEXISTINMAINLANDEUROPEFOREXAMPLE,REFLEXIONSIMMOBILIERESINFRANCEANDVOGONINTHENETHERLANDS,BUTFORLANGUAGEREASONSTHEAUDIENCEFORTHE
21、SEJOURNALSUSUALLYISLIMITEDTOTHECOUNTRYINWHICHTHEYAREPUBLISHEDAMONGTHEJOURNALSTHATCANBECONSIDEREDASREALESTATEJOURNALS,THETHREEMAINONESARETHEJOURNALOFPROPERTYVALUATIONANDINVESTMENT,THEJOURNALOFPROPERTYRESEARCH,ANDTHEJOURNALOFPROPERTYFINANCETHEJOURNALOFPROPERTYVALUATIONANDINVESTMENTFORMERLYTHEJOURNALOF
22、VALUATIONWASESTABLISHEDIN1982AND,ASITSORIGINALTITLESUGGESTS,INITIALLYFOCUSEDONPROPERTYVALUATIONREALESTATEAPPRAISALITSSUBJECTCOVERAGEHASEXPANDEDPROGRESSIVELYBUTITRETAINSASTRONGEMPHASISONREALESTATEAPPRAISALOFTHETHREEJOURNALS,ITISTHEMOSTPRACTICEORIENTATED,PUBLISHINGBOTHACADEMICANDPRACTICEPAPERSANDWITHA
23、LARGERANDWIDERREADERSHIP,INCLUDINGSURVEYINGPRACTITIONERSTHEJOURNALOFPROPERTYRESEARCHFORMERLYLANDDEVELOPMENTSTUDIESWASESTABLISHEDIN1984,ORIGINALLYWITHAFOCUSONREALESTATEDEVELOPMENTANDATARGETAUDIENCEOFBOTHRESEARCHERSANDPRACTITIONERSITWASRELAUNCHEDIN1991WITHANEWTITLEANDHASEXPANDEDTOINCLUDEBOTHINVESTMENT
24、ANDDEVELOPMENT,WITHAGROWINGNUMBEROFPAPERSONFINANCESUBJECTSITSREADERSHIPPREDOMINANTLYISACADEMICRESEARCHERSTHEJOURNALOFPROPERTYFINANCEWASESTABLISHEDIN1990ANDAIMEDATAWIDERANGEOFPRACTITIONERSINPROPERTYFINANCEITHASEXPANDEDPROGRESSIVELYINFOCUSANDINCREASEDINACADEMICSTRENGTHUNTILRECENTLY,THESETHREEJOURNALSA
25、TTRACTEDPAPERSPREDOMINANTLYFROMTHEUNITEDKINGDOMBUTWITHAGROWINGNUMBEROFPAPERSFROMOTHERCOUNTRIES,PARTICULARLYINPACIFICASIATHEEUROPEANDIMENSIONINALLTHREEJOURNALSHASBEENSMALL,ALTHOUGHTHEJOURNALOFPROPERTYVALUATIONANDINVESTMENTHASAEUROPEANSECTIONMUCHOFTHERESEARCHCOVERINGEUROPEANTOPICSHASBEENBYUKANDUSACADE
26、MICSBUTAVERYSMALLNUMBEROFEUROPEANACADEMICSHAVEBEENPUBLISHEDINUSREALESTATEJOURNALS,ALTHOUGHTYPICALLYNOTONEXCLUSIVELYEUROPEANTOPICSCONFERENCETHEONLYMAJOR,ESTABLISHEDPANEUROPEANCONFERENCEISRUNBYTHEEUROPEANREALESTATESOCIETYFROMTHEOUTSET,THISATTRACTEDAWIDEEUROPEANAUDIENCE,INCLUDINGDELEGATESFROMCOUNTRIESW
27、HEREREALESTATERESEARCHISAFAIRLYNEWPHENOMENONPARTICIPANTSFROMEASTERNEUROPENOWREGULARLYATTENDTHESECONFERENCES,ANDERESISPLANNINGTOHOLDITS1997CONFERENCEINBERLININ1998,THEERESCONFERENCEINMAASTRICHTWILLBEAJOINTCONFERENCEWITHTHEINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEOFTHEAMERICANREALESTATEANDURBANECONOMICSASSOCIATIONTHEFI
28、RSTMAJORCONFERENCEINTHEUNITEDKINGDOMDEALINGWITHREALESTATERESEARCHWASORGANIZEDBYTHERICSIN1991FROMITDEVELOPEDTHECUTTINGEDGEASANANNUALCONFERENCEDEVOTEDTOREALESTATEINVESTMENT,DEVELOPMENT,USE,ANDMANAGEMENTTHISINITIALLYATTRACTEDPRIMARILYUKACADEMICSBUTITHASFASTBEGUNTOATTRACTAMUCHWIDERINTERNATIONALAUDIENCE,
29、INCLUDINGACADEMICSFROMTHERESTOFEUROPEANDTHEUNITEDSTATESNATIONALCONFERENCESALSOAREORGANIZEDINAVARIETYOFOTHEREUROPEANCOUNTRIESASISTHECASEFORJOURNALS,MOSTOFTHESECONFERENCES,HOWEVER,ARELIMITEDTOANATIONALAUDIENCEFORLANGUAGEREASONSPROGRAMSUNDERGRADUATEANDGRADUATEREALESTATEPROGRAMSNOWEXISTINSEVERALMAINLAND
30、EUROPEANCOUNTRIESSUCHASFRANCE,GERMANY,HUNGARY,ANDTHENETHERLANDS,ANDTHESEPROGRAMSAREEXPANDINGTHEPREFERREDOPTION,HOWEVER,ISTOOFFERELECTIVESORMINORSINREALESTATESUCHELECTIVESANDMINORSUSUALLYAREOFFEREDASPARTSOFAFINANCE,BUSINESS,ORECONOMICSCURRICULUMINTHELASTFEWYEARS,FIVEPROGRAMSINMAINLANDEUROPEHAVEBEENRE
31、COGNIZEDBYTHERICSTHISISPARTOFASTRATEGYTOEXPANDTHESURVEYINGPROFESSIONINTOCOUNTRIESWHERENOSUCHPROFESSIONEXISTSANDWHERESURVEYINGACTIVITIESHAVEBEENUNDERTAKENBYACCOUNTANTSORARCHITECTSOR,ASINEASTERNEUROPE,WHERENOLANDANDREALESTATEMARKETSHAVEEXISTEDUNTILRECENTLYINTHEUNITEDKINGDOM,44PROGRAMSHAVEBEENACCREDITE
32、DBYTHERICS,MAINLYATTHEFORMERPOLYTECHNICSTHATGAINEDUNIVERSITYSTATUSINTHEEARLY1990SMANYOFTHESEPROGRAMSPROVIDETRAININGFORTHECONSTRUCTIONPARTOFTHEPROFESSIONRATHERTHANINREALESTATERECENTDEVELOPMENTSINTHECURRICULUMINMANYPROGRAMS,BROUGHTABOUTBYTHECHANGINGNEEDSOFPROFESSIONALPRACTICE,MEANTHATGRADUATESNOWAREFA
33、RMOREABLETODEALWITHINVESTMENTISSUESANDSEEREALESTATEINTHEWIDERCONTEXTOFTHEECONOMYANDOTHERINVESTMENTCLASSESALTHOUGHRESEARCHISDEVELOPINGINMOSTOFTHESEINORDERTOSUPPORTTHETEACHINGPROGRAMS,THESTRONGESTREALESTATERESEARCHCENTERSAREATTHEUNIVERSITIESOFABERDEEN,READING,ANDULSTERTHEPAPERSTHESAMPLEOFPAPERSWITHINT
34、HISSPECIALISSUEDEVOTEDTOEUROPEANREALESTATEISAGOODREFLECTIONOFTHETRADITIONOFRESEARCHONEUROPEANREALESTATEMARKETSFIVEOFTHEPAPERSHAVEANEMPIRICALFOCUSANDONEHASATHEORETICALFOCUSOFTHESIXPAPERSINCLUDED,FOUREXAMINESOMEASPECTOFUKREALESTATETHISISDUETOTHESTRONGEMPHASISPLACEDONREALESTATERESEARCHINTHEUNITEDKINGDO
35、MANDALSOTHEAVAILABILITYOFTIMESERIESDATAMOSTAUTHORSOFTHESEPAPERSAREBRITISH,SEVERALAREAMERICAN,REFLECTINGTHESTRONGINTERESTFROMUSRESEARCHERSFOREUROPEANREALESTATEMARKETSTHEPAPERBYLIZIERIANDSATCHELLEXAMINESTHELINKSBETWEENREALESTATESECURITIESANDCOMMONSTOCKSINTHEUNITEDKINGDOMUSINGCAUSALITYTESTS,THEIRRESULT
36、SSUGGESTTHATTHESTOCKMARKETLEADSTHEREALESTATESECURITIESMARKETINTHESHORTTERMBUTTHAT,WITHALONGERLAGSTRUCTURE,POSITIVERETURNSONREALESTATESECURITIESMAYPOINTTONEGATIVEFUTURESTOCKRETURNSTHENEXTTWOPAPERSDEALWITHTHEINFLATIONHEDGINGEFFECTIVENESSOFUKREALESTATETHEPAPERBYHOESLI,MACGREGOR,MATYSIAK,ANDNANTHAKUMARA
37、NREPORTSTHATREALESTATEHASPOORERSHORTTERMHEDGINGCHARACTERISTICSFORTOTALRETURNANDITSCOMPONENTSTHANCOMMONSTOCKSBUTBETTERCHARACTERISTICSTHANBONDSTHESEAUTHORSALSOFINDTHATTHERELATIONSHIPSCHANGEUNDERDIFFERENTECONOMICENVIRONMENTSTHEAIMOFTHEPAPERBYWHEATON,TORTO,ANDEVANSISTOEXAMINETHECYCLICBEHAVIOROFTHEGREATE
38、RLONDONOFFICEMARKETOVERTHELAST20YEARSUSINGSTRUCTURALEQUATIONSFOROFFICESPACEDEMAND,NEWSUPPLY,ANDRENTALMOVEMENTS,THEAUTHORSFINDTHATNEWOFFICECONSTRUCTIONCANBEWELLEXPLAINEDWITHATRADITIONALINVESTMENTMODELANDTHATMOVEMENTSINDEMANDANDRENTSSEEMTOBEFULLYEXPLAINEDBYTHECREATIONOFLONDONOFFICEJOBSWITHTHEESTIMATED
39、EQUATIONS,THEYADDITIONALLYEXAMINEHOWTHELONDONOFFICEMARKETMIGHTBEHAVEINTHEFUTUREUNDERVARIOUSECONOMICSCENARIOSMARTINHOESLIBRYANDMACGREGORJOURNALOFREALESTATEFINANCEANDECONOMICS,151,5919971997KLUWERACADEMICPUBLISHERS译文欧洲房地产研究与教育发展,全球化,与成熟度摘要最近10年已经看到了欧洲房地产研究的快速发展和内部发展欧洲的联系和网络。与此同时,美国学者也越来越感兴趣欧洲房地产研究和发展之
40、间的密切联系欧洲和美国的房地产学者。此外之间建立了联系澳大利亚和欧洲的学者。这当然已成立针对一房地产投资全球化的背景和随之而来的全球化房地产研究。在同一时期,房地产专业教育发达,在一些欧洲排名国家和在英国的房地产教育的重点发生了变化。欧洲房地产研究发展有一段时间,许多欧洲大陆国家也有较强的科研社区在住房经济学,城市经济学,经济地理学,但研究中商业房地产是一个更近的现象。欧洲大陆几乎没有大学不动产登记部门,并作为美国,房地产研究以在商业,经济和财政部门的地方。在实际研究房地产开始在北部(芬兰,德国,荷兰的欧洲国家,瑞典,瑞士和英国),但现在已扩大到数在南欧(法国,意大利和西班牙)和东欧国家(如匈
41、牙利,波兰,俄罗斯和乌克兰)。尽管研究人员应可受惠于新创建的法国,爱尔兰,荷兰,数据评估为基础的指数各种主题的已经或正在审查,如实际施工地产指数,权属选择决策的研究中,房地产作为一个组合中的地位一种多元化和保值,以及住房补贴的实际影响房地产市场。在东欧,慎重考虑的是考虑到的影响过渡到市场经济和环境问题。这方面的研究后流也有来自美国研究人员的重视。相对于美国房地产研究,欧洲房地产研究集中在较小的程度上金融市场,并一强程度上规划,土地开发和城市经济学。在一般情况下,欧洲研究城市经济学也有倾向于以寻求更充分的选择新古典主义经济学的理论框架。然而,越来越多的年轻学者所追求的与投资和金融焦点房地产研究。
42、随着房地产研究在欧洲,欧洲房地产协会激增(ERES)创建于1994年。最初,它的主要焦点是每年举办一次会议。不像它的美国同行(美国房地产协会,阿瑞斯),ERES来说目前尚未发表一篇日记。在英国房地产研究发展在欧洲,商业房地产研究首先和最快速增长在美国英国和铅最初来自私营部门。联合王国在这不寻常的欧洲独家专业测量,传统上处理从它的物理结构,投资分析的各个方面的房地产。在20世纪50年代和60年代,房地产专业人员的教育包含了大量的建筑及建造技术和很少的投资和融资。它把重点放在投资组合,而不是个别建筑物。研究往往遵循类似的优先事项,虽然一些机构与规划重叠意味着早期教育制定发展规划和发展研究。作为英国
43、专业实践上发展起来的一个财务方面更加注重个别房地产投资,以及后来的投资组合,更严格研究是投资决策所需的支撑和研究部门进行成立。传统的技能和测量师教育是不恰当的许多发展中的职能,以及研究部门招募的,最初在测量师行和大型金融机构的话,主要是从背景经济学,地理学和规划。至于私人执业的发展,特别是在机构,有一个需要比较与其他投资类别的房地产。作为因此,逐步从80年代中期,特别是在机构,与房地产和其他投资专业人士的传统障碍已打破。测量师行的评估数据收集,和一个数字制作和报道的租金,产量和效益指标大多数回到20世纪70年代中晚期,但一些较贫穷的高质量的数据可从60年代初。这些指标已允许发展的实证研究,如房
44、地产市场的预测。相反,这些评估为基础的数据,对供应和空置率的数据可用性永远不会有已收集系统由私营部门在伦敦郊外,什么是可用从政府的质量低劣。因此,供应或成立空缺变量比美国困难。在这些变化,在少数情况下捕食和期待他们,同时其他一些事态发展发生。首先,投资物业资料库(IPD)的成立的目的是提供一个英国房地产投资组合的业绩分析,市场索引和研究数据库。它现在已经回到了1981年的详细记录29,000属性。二,测量教育和学术研究,鼓励由英国皇家特许测量师学会(RICS),发展方向类似于和专业的变化开始同时生产和科研的毕业生更适合更改后的内容。第三,物业的研究人员协会(战略石油储备)成立于1987年,最初
45、与私人部门的研究人员最近绘制的成员,但更更多的成员来自学术界,首先从勘测,然后再从更广泛的范围学科。循序渐进,专业房地产期刊和研究为基础的会议发展,从一个学科范围来稿,结果,这些增长速度非常迅速,质量和重要性。期刊对土地和房地产市场为重点的第一期刊有一个城市和住房经济的重点和设立于1960年代中期。专业房地产期刊最近已经建立。对于这一问题的早期发展的原因,研究界对大尺寸,和语言,这些期刊大多是英国基础。一些房地产期刊也存在于欧洲大陆的(例如,法国的REFLEXIONSIMMOBILIERES和荷兰的VOGON),但语言的原因观众对这些杂志通常仅限于在他们所出版的国。其中,可作为考虑房地产杂志期
46、刊,主要有三个是物业估值及投资,地产研究期刊,华尔街日报和金融财产。物业估值及投资(前身为估价杂志)杂志成立于1982年,以原始顾名思义,最初对财产的重点估价(房地产评估)。它的主题涉及的范围逐步扩大,但它保留了对房地产估价的高度重视。在这三个刊物,它是最实践导向,出版学术和实践文章,并与更大更多的读者,包括测量从业人员。沉阳市产权研究所(原土地发展研究)杂志是成立于1984年,最初以房地产开发的重点和目标观众研究人员和从业人员。这是在1991年重新推出一个新头衔,已经扩展到包括投资和发展的越来越多的,论文关于金融科目。它的读者主要是学术研究人员。对房地产金融杂志于1990年成立,旨在为范围广
47、泛的医生在物业融资。逐步扩大它的重点和增加学术实力。直到最近,这三个期刊论文吸引了主要来自美国但英国与来自其他国家的报纸越来越多,特别是在太平洋,亚洲。在所有三个期刊欧洲方面一直不大,虽然杂志物业估值及投资具有“欧洲科”。大部分的研究覆盖欧洲的主题已被英国和美国的学者,而是一个非常小的数目欧洲学者已发表在美国房地产期刊,尽管通常没有专门的欧洲主题。泛欧会议是唯一一个由欧洲房地产协会建立的从一开始这就吸引了众多的欧洲国家代表,在那里房地产研究是作为一个新的现象出现的。来自东欧的学员现在经常出席这些会议,而且ERES计划在1997年在柏林举行这次会议。1998年在马斯特里赫特召开的ERES会议将是
48、美国房地产与城市经济学会出席的国际联席会议。而第一个在英国召开的房地产研究处理大型会议与是由RICS在1991年召开的。自从它的成立和发展以来,泛欧会议一直成为最前沿的、最专业的房地产投资,开发,利用,管理一个年度会议看待。它最初吸引的主要是一些英国学者,随后迅速的发展壮大,以吸引更广泛的国际观众,包括来自欧洲和美国其他地方的学者,而且一些国际性会议也经常在其他不同的欧洲国家举办。如同杂志的情况,这些会议多数受到语言的原因限制了它在国家中的发展。课程本科和研究生的房地产项目的课程现在已经存在于几个欧洲大陆国家(如法国,德国,匈牙利和荷兰),而且这个计划正在扩大。但是这些课程还是优先考虑被放在房
49、地产选修和副修的课程中。这些选修课和副修课程通常是金融,商业,或经济学课程的部分课程。在欧洲,过去的几年里已经有五个课程被RICS确认。这是一个战略的一部分,已经扩大成为一些国家的调查活动,在那里没有那样的课程存在或者像东欧一些国家调查活动已经由会计师或建筑师开展起来的,又或者是没有土地但房地产市场已经在最近形成了。在英国,44个课程已经由RICS的认可,主要是在20世纪90年代初获得了大学地位的理工课院校。但是很多课程是重在培训学生构造方面的能力而并非是房地产领域。而从最近的事态发展,和许多课程方案来看,大概是由于专业实践的不断变化的需求,意味着更多的毕业生现在都能够处理投资问题,并看到房地产在经济和其他投资领域中有着更广泛的前景。但是这些探索还在发展中,更多的是为了支持教育事业,最强的房地产研究中心分别是在阿伯丁大学,里德丁和阿尔斯特。论文作为研究的样本,欧洲房地产中的一些特殊问题是对传统欧洲房地产市场发展有着重大的帮助。论文的第五点中不仅有事实的焦点还有理论的焦点,在第六点中还对英国房地产从四个方面进行了讨论。在英国这导致了重点被放在房地产的研究上,以及对时间序列数据的可用性上。这些论文的作者大多是英国人,也有一些是美国人,这反映了美国研究人员对欧洲房地产市场也有着强烈的兴趣。由LIZIERI和SATCHELL所写的论文他们讨论了在英国房地产证券市场和普通股之