1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文CULTURE,COMMUNITYINTERVENTION,ANDTHEMETABOLICBALANCEBETWEENPATIENCEANDZEALABSTRACTWHILETHECONCEPTOFCULTUREHASLONGBEENCENTRALTOCOMMUNITYPSYCHOLOGYRESEARCHANDINTERVENTION,ITHASMOSTFREQUENTLYREFERREDTOTHECOMMUNITIESINWHICHSUCHWORKOCCURSTHEPURPOSEOFTHISPAPERISTOREFRAMETHISDISCUSSIONBYVIE
2、WINGCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONSASINSTANCESOFINTERCULTURALCONTACTBETWEENTHECULTUREOFSCIENCE,REFLECTEDINCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONRESEARCH,ANDTHECULTUREOFTHECOMMUNITIESINWHICHTHOSEINTERVENTIONSOCCURFOLLOWINGABRIEFDISCUSSIONOFTHECOMPLEXITIESOFCULTUREASACONCEPT,TWOILLUSTRATIVESTORIESOFFAILEDCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONS
3、AREPROVIDEDTOHIGHLIGHTTHECENTRALITYOFCULTURALANDCONTEXTUALUNDERSTANDINGASPRELUDETOCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONTHESESTORIES,SET50YEARSAPART,REFLECTTHEDEPTHANDPERVASIVEINFLUENCEOFBOTHTHECULTUREOFSCIENCEANDTHECULTUREOFCOMMUNITIESNEXT,ASERIESOFPROPOSITIONSABOUTTHECULTUREOFSOCIALSCIENCEASAPARTIALREFLECTIONOFTHE
4、BROADERCULTUREOFTHEUNITEDSTATESAREOFFERED,ANDTHEIRIMPLICATIONSFORTHECONDUCTOFCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONSDRAWNTHEPAPERCONCLUDESWITHASERIESOFRECOMMENDATIONSWHICH,TOGETHER,PROVIDEANECOLOGICALMINDSETFORTAKINGCULTURESERIOUSLYINCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONSCENTRALTOTHISMINDSETARETHEIMPORTANCEOFFOCUSINGONCOMMUNITIESRA
5、THERTHANPROGRAMSANDEMPHASIZINGTHEINTERVENTIONGOALOFCHOICEOVERCHANGEKEYWORDSCOMMUNITYINTERVENTION，COMMUNITYCULTURE，ECOLOGY，CULTUREOFSCIENCEFROMITSINCEPTION,THEFIELDOFCOMMUNITYPSYCHOLOGYHASATTEMPTEDTODEVELOPCONCEPTUALFRAMEWORKSTHATHIGHLIGHTLOCALCULTUREANDCULTURALHISTORYASCENTRALTOUNDERSTANDINGPEOPLEIN
6、CONTEXTRECENTEVENTSSUCHASTHECOSPONSORSHIPOFTHE2007SCRABIENNIALCONFERENCEWITHTHEINTERNATIONALASSOCIATIONFORCROSSCULTURALPSYCHOLOGYREINFORCETHEIMPORTANCEPLACEDONTHEFOUNDATIONALNATUREOFTHECULTURECONCEPTINOURWORKTHEPURPOSEOFTHISPAPERISTOINTERROGATETHECONCEPTOFCULTUREFORTHEDEVELOPMENT,IMPLEMENTATION,ANDE
7、VALUATIONOFCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONSDOINGSONOTONLYSHINESASPOTLIGHTONTHECONCEPTOFCULTUREREFLECTEDINTHELOCALECOLOGYOFCOMMUNITIESITALSODRAWSATTENTIONTOTHECULTUREIMPLICITINTHEKINDSOFSCIENTIFICPERSPECTIVESWEBRINGTOOURINTERVENTIONEFFORTSASTHECRITICALTHEORISTSTELLUS,ITISIMPORTANTTOINCLUDETHECULTUREOFSOCIALSCI
8、ENCEINADISCUSSIONOFCULTUREMOREBROADLYBECAUSEOURCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONEFFORTSMAYTHEMSELVESBEUSEFULLYVIEWEDASCULTURALACTSREFLECTEDINHOWWECONDUCTSUCHWORKTHUS,THECULTUREOFCOMMUNITIES,THECULTUREOFSOCIALSCIENCE,ANDTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHETWOCONSTITUTETHEHEARTOFTHISPAPERITSINTENTISTOPROVOKEDISCUSSIONANDDEB
9、ATEABOUTVITALLYIMPORTANTCHOICESWEMAKEWHENWEAPPLYTHECULTURECONCEPTTOOURCOMMUNITIESANDTOOURCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONSTHECULTURECONUNDRUMCULTUREASACONCEPTHASNEVERBEENEASYTOPINDOWNINDEED,LONNERANDMALPASSFOUNDOVER175DEFINITIONSOFCULTUREINTHESCHOLARLYLITERATURETHEMORETRADITIONALDEFINITIONOFCULTUREISSUPPLIEDBY
10、GEERTZASANHISTORICALLYTRANSMITTEDPATTERNOFMEANINGSEMBODIEDINSYMBOLS,ASYSTEMOFINHERITEDCONCEPTIONSEXPRESSEDINSYMBOLICFORMSBYMEANSOFWHICHMENSICCOMMUNICATE,PERPETUATE,ANDDEVELOPTHEIRKNOWLEDGEABOUTANDATTITUDESTOWARDSLIFEFROMTHISPERSPECTIVE,CULTUREISACOLLECTIVECONCEPTARISINGFROMCONDITIONS,SHAREDEXPERIENC
11、ES,ANDMEMORIESTHATARECOMMONTOAGROUPOFPEOPLEANDTRANSMITTEDINTERGENERATIONALLYHERE,EMPHASISISPLACEDONTHEENDURING,THETRADITIONALACTIVITIESANDTHEIRMEANINGS,THEINCORPORATEDUNDERSTANDINGSACCUMULATEDOVERTIMEANDPASSEDONTHROUGHSOCIALIZATIONPRACTICES,STORIES,NORMS,INSTITUTIONS,ANDCELEBRATIONSHOWEVER,POSTMODER
12、NPERSPECTIVESONCULTUREHAVECONSTRUCTEDCULTUREWITHMULTIPLEOTHEREMPHASES,MANYOFWHICHPOSITSOCIOPOLITICALANDSTRUCTURALFRAMESASCENTRALORGANIZINGCONCEPTSHERE,ISSUESOFRACE,CLASS,GENDER,HISTORICALOPPRESSION,ANDTHEDISTRIBUTIONANDUSEOFPOWEREMERGEASORGANIZINGEXPLANATORYCONCEPTSANDINTERPRETIVELENSESTHROUGHWHICHC
13、ULTUREISEXPERIENCEDANDUNDERSTOODCULTUREISMORELIKELYTOBEVIEWEDASFLUIDANDEXPERIENCEDDIFFERENTIALLYBYINDIVIDUALSDEPENDINGONCONTEXTANDCIRCUMSTANCE,THOUGHALWAYSWITHINTHELARGERCULTURALCONTEXTOFPOWERRELATIONSHIPSREGARDLESSOFWHATSPECIFICANALYTICFRAMEISUSEDTODEFINECULTURE,TWOOFMYASSUMPTIONSNEEDTOBEOUTLINEDFI
14、RST,CULTUREISABROADCONCEPT,COMMUNITYALOCALONE,SUCHTHATOVERTIMEANDACROSSVARYINGECOLOGIES,THESAMECULTURALGROUPLIVINGINDIFFERENTECOLOGIESMAYDEVELOPDIFFERENTCULTURALIDENTITIESANDBEHAVIORSUNDERSTANDINGLOCALCOMMUNITYCULTURETHUSINVOLVESBOTHAWORKINGKNOWLEDGEOFBROADHISTORICALCONTEXTSANDALOCALAPPRECIATIONOFIN
15、DIVIDUALANDSUBGROUPDIFFERENCESINTHEEXPRESSIONOFCULTURE,WHETHERTHEYAREFRAMEDINTERMSOFOPPRESSIVEHISTORIESORCOMMUNITYCELEBRATORYTRADITIONSSECOND,ASFISKE,THERESPECTEDANTHROPOLOGIST,REMINDSUS,CULTURALATTITUDES,BEHAVIORS,ANDWORLDVIEWSAREOFTENUNCONSCIOUSANDSEEMNATURALFROMTHEINSIDEASMALLEXAMPLEAFTER20YEARSO
16、FMARRIAGEISTILLFINDMYSELFOCCASIONALLYWHISTLINGINTHEHOUSE,ONLYTOBEREMINDEDBYMYWIFETHATSUCHBEHAVIORBRINGSONBADLUCKINHERCULTUREOFORIGINANDISHOULDCUTITOUTIFYOUASKMEWHETHERORNOTIKNOWOFTHISCULTURALBELIEF,IWILLTELLYOUYESBUTIDOITANYWAYOUTOFHABITITCOMESNATURALLYTOMETHUS,THECULTUREOFCOMMUNITIESANDTHECULTUREOF
17、SCIENCEFRAMETHESUBSEQUENTDISCUSSIONANDREPRESENTTHEHEARTOFTHEMATTEROFCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONTHECULTURECONCEPTHASCOMEALONGWAYFROMBEINGTHEESOTERICPROVINCEOFANTHROPOLOGISTSREPORTINGONTHEMORESANDTRADITIONSOFGROUPSINFARAWAYPLACESWITHSTRANGESOUNDINGNAMESITHASBECOMECONCEPTINTERROGATEDBYSOCIALTHEORISTS,INTERPR
18、ETEDTHROUGHMULTIPLELENSES,ANDREMAINSALIVEANDWELL,THOUGHCONTESTED,ASAWORLDVIEWFORUNDERSTANDINGTHECOMMUNITIESINWHICHWELIVEITSIMPORTANCEISREFLECTEDINREVIEWGUIDELINESATTHENATIONALINSTITUTEOFMENTALHEALTHINVOLVINGINCLUSIONCRITERIAFORRESEARCHSTUDIES,SPECIALISSUESOFJOURNALSANDINDEEDWHOLEJOURNALS,ANDANNUALMU
19、LTICULTURALSUMMITSCONVENEDBYAMERICANPSYCHOLOGICALASSOCIATIONWESEEITSMULTIPLESOCIOPOLITICALMEANINGSEVERYNIGHTONTELEVISIONINTHEBATTLEOVERIMMIGRATIONITLURKSINTHEINSIDEROUTSIDERDEBATESREFLECTEDINWHOANDWHOCANTUSETHENWORDANDINWHATCONTEXTWEFINDITSCELEBRATIONINTHESUCCESSOFDIVISION45OFTHEAPA,INCLUDINGITSOWNA
20、PAJOURNAL,ANDINCONFERENCESSUCHASTHESCRABIENNIALMEETINGSTHEQUESTIONNOWISNOTWHETHERCULTUREISCENTRALTOOURUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEHUMANCONDITION,BUTHOWITMIGHTBECONCEPTUALIZEDANDHOWWEACT,BASEDONTHOSECONCEPTIONS,TOIMPROVECOMMUNITYLIFETHECULTUREOFSOCIALSCIENCEINTHEUSGHANDIWASONCEASKEDABOUTWHATHETHOUGHTOFWESTERNC
21、IVILIZATIONHISRESPONSEWASITHINKITWOULDBEAGOODIDEAHISTORICALLY,WEINTHEUSHAVEALSOTHOUGHTTHATITWOULDBEAGOODIDEA,BUTUSUALLYWITHASPECIFICDOMINANTCULTUREORCIVILIZATIONINMINDITISCERTAINLYREASONABLETOVIEWOURCULTUREINSOCIOPOLITICALTERMS,ANDCOMMUNITYPSYCHOLOGYHASASIGNIFICANTTRACKRECORDONTHISISSUETHEREISNODENY
22、INGTHEASSAULTOFSLAVERY,FOREXAMPLE,ONTHECULTURALTRADITIONSANDIDENTITYOFAFRICANAMERICANS,ORHISTORICALGOVERNMENTEFFORTSTOREMOVENATIVEAMERICANCHILDRENFROMTHEIRFAMILIESANDPLACETHEMINSCHOOLSDESIGNEDTOSEPARATETHEMFROMTHEIRCULTUREANDLANGUAGENORSHOULDWEFORGETTHECOMPLICITYOFPSYCHOLOGISTSUSINGTOOLSOFTHETRADETO
23、SCREENIMMIGRANTSATELLISISLANDACENTURYAGOTHESEISSUES,ASWEWELLKNOW,DIDNOTONLYOCCURINTHEPAST,WERENOTPOLITICALLYNEUTRAL,ANDNEEDTOBEKEPTINTHEFOREFRONTOFOURCOMMUNITYPSYCHOLOGYCONSCIOUSNESSBUTWHATIWANTTOFOCUSONHEREAREOTHER,PERHAPSSEEMINGLYMOREMUNDANE,ASPECTSOFOURCULTURETHATAREREFLECTEDINCOMMUNITYINTERVENTI
24、ONSAND,IBELIEVE,CONSTRAINOURABILITYTOCENTEROURWORKINTHECULTUREOFDIVERSECOMMUNITIESHEREAREMYNOMINATIONSFORTHREECULTURALINFLUENCESONTHECULTUREOFSCIENCEREFLECTEDINOURBELIEFSABOUTCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONSATTHISHISTORICALMOMENTSUCHASSERTIONSAREALWAYSPARTIALINTHEIRSWEEP,BUTARE,IHOPE,HEURISTICALLYUSEFULTODAYA
25、OURCULTUREISEAGER,HOPEFUL,ANDPRAGMATICOURCULTURALHISTORYHASBEENONEOFFEELINGTHATWECANCONTROLOURFATETHATWECANSOLVEPROBLEMSWEFURTHERAREDEEPLYPRAGMATIC,BOTHASAPEOPLEANDASCOMMUNITYPSYCHOLOGISTSKNOWLEDGEISSUPPOSEDTOSERVEAPRAGMATICFUNCTIONIFITSNOTUSEFUL,WHATGOODISITTHISISNOTANEWTENDENCYITWASRECOGNIZEDLONGA
26、GOBYFREUD,WHOWASCONCERNEDTHATSHOULDPSYCHOANALYSISBETRANSPORTEDTOTHEUNITEDSTATES,ITWOULDTOOQUICKLYBECONVERTEDINTOATHERAPEUTICTOOLFORINDIVIDUALIMPROVEMENTRATHERTHANRETAINISFOCUSASAMETHODFORTHEORYDEVELOPMENTABOUTTHEHUMANPSYCHEONESPECIFICIMPLICATIONOFTHISCULTURALTENDENCYISTOGOFORTHEQUICKFIXRATHERTHANTHE
27、LONGHAULTOLOOKFORTHESOLUTION,THEMAGICBULLET,THEPROGRAMWITHWIDENICHEBREADTHHOWEVER,THEPROBLEMSISWICKEDPROBLEMSWHOSERESOLUTIONSTHEMSELVESAREMULTIPLE,CONTEXTSPECIFIC,ANDONESWHOSESHORTTERMSOLUTIONSMAYOFTENALSOPERPETUATEEXISTINGSTRUCTURALINEQUALITIESANDORCREATEADDITIONALPROBLEMSTHEPATIENCEREQUIREDTOFATHO
28、MTHISCOMPLEXITYMAYBEOFLITTLESOLACETOTHESCHOOLPRINCIPALWHOMUSTDOSOMETHINGNOWABOUTSCHOOLVIOLENCE,ORTEENPREGNANCY,ORTESTSCORES,BUTTHEURGENCYOFTHESITUATIONDOESNOTNECESSARILYMEANTHATDOINGSOMETHINGISBETTERTHANDOINGNOTHINGSTORIESTELLUSTHATITISQUITEDIFFICULTTODOGOOD,EVENIFYOUHAVEGOODINTENTIONSANDAREWELLFUND
29、EDFURTHER,THEYSHOWTHATTHEUNINTENDEDCONSEQUENCESOFEFFORTSTODOGOODCOMPETEWITHTHEINTENDEDONESINTERMSOFCOMMUNITYLEVELIMPACTTHISTENSIONBETWEENTHEPERCEIVEDNEEDTODOSOMETHINGANDTHEUNDERSTANDINGTHATWENEEDTOFIGUREOUTHOWTOANTICIPATETHEUNINTENDEDCONSEQUENCESOFOURACTIONSREPRESENTSWHATKELLYHASCALLEDTHEMETABOLICBA
30、LANCEBETWEENPATIENCEANDZEALASKELLYPUTSITBEINGREALLYHELPFULINVOLVESCYCLINGOFPATIENCEFORACHIEVINGLONGTERMGOALSWITHAZEALFORPURSUINGSHORTTERMOBJECTIVESMYPOINTISNOTTHATPROBLEMSSHOULDGOUNATTENDED,THATWESHOULDTHROWUPOURHANDSINDESPAIROFMAKINGTHEWORLDABETTERPLACE,ORTHATWESHOULDALLBECOMEPHILOSOPHERSRATHER,MYP
31、OINTISTHATTHISCULTURALTENDENCYTOGOFORTHEQUICKFIXCANINADVERTENTLYPUSHTHEMETABOLICBALANCEOFPATIENCETOWARDANEAGER,HOPEFUL,ANDPRAGMATICZEALANDINADVERTENTLYDOWNPLAYTHEPATIENCEREQUIREDTOLEARNTHECULTURE,ASTHEWELLINANDCAMPBELLACCOUNTSSTRONGLYSUGGESTISNECESSARYBOURCULTUREISACAPITALIST,ENTREPRENEURIALCULTUREA
32、NDSO,NOW,ISMUCHOFOURSCIENCEOFCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONATTHISHISTORICALMOMENT,THEOLDPHRASEIMFROMTHEGOVERNMENTANDIWANTTOHELPYOUISINCREASINGLYTRUEOFCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONWORK,ASMANYCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONISTSWORKFORTHEGOVERNMENTINTERMSOFBOTHSALARYANDTOPICDISCUSSIONOFTHEIMPLICATIONSOFTHEUNIONOFSCIENCEANDSTATEH
33、ASALONGHISTORYWITHINOURFIELD,COMMUNITYPSYCHOLOGYANDTHEANARCHISTINSIGHTAND,MORERECENTLY,RAPPAPORTSCOMMUNITYPSYCHOLOGYISMORETHANSCIENCEHAVEADDRESSEDSOMEOFTHECONSEQUENCESOFTHISCLOSERELATIONSHIPFORSENSEOFCOMMUNITYINTHEUNIVERSITY,ACADEMICFREEDOM,ANDTHEABSENCEOFCRITICALSOCIALREFLECTIONOFMUCHOFTHISWORKTODA
34、Y,THEUNIONOFSCIENCEANDSTATECURRENTLYREFLECTSTHEBROADERCULTURALVALUEOFENTREPRENEURIALACTIVITY,WITHTHEUNIVERSITYINCREASINGLYTAKINGONTHEIMAGEOFABUSINESSANDFACULTYTHEROLEOFENTREPRENEURSEXTERNALRESEARCHFUNDINGISTHEFIGURATIVEANDLITERALCOINOFTHEREALMTHEMOVEMENTINTHEMORESOCIALSCIENCESHASBEENAWAYFROMASCIENCE
35、OFUNDERSTANDINGTOWARDASCIENCEGEAREDTOWARDTHEDEVELOPMENTANDREFININGOFPRODUCTSTHISMOVEISREFLECTEDINTHEVOCABULARYCOMMONLYUSEDTODESCRIBEIMPORTANTISSUESINTHECOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONPROCESSSOCIALMARKETING,COMMUNITYBUYIN,INCENTIVES,TAILORINGINTERVENTIONSCOLLECTIVELY,THISISTHEIMAGERYOFTHEENTREPRENEURWHOSEPRODU
36、CT,IFMADELOCALLYRELEVANTANDMARKETED,WILLIMPROVETHEHUMANCONDITIONTHISMARKETINGOFPRODUCTSPERSPECTIVESEEMSFARREMOVEDFROMGEORGEMILLERSCONCEPTOFGIVINGPSYCHOLOGYAWAYMYFOCUSONTHEENTREPRENEURIALNATUREOFMUCHCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONSHOULDINNOWAYBETAKENASANEFFORTTODIMINISHTHECONTRIBUTIONSOFTHEMANYSOCIALLYCOMMITTE
37、DCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONISTSWHORELYONEXTERNALFUNDINGTHISWORKISPREDOMINANTLYDONEBYDEEPLYCOMMITTEDINDIVIDUALSWHOHAVEDEDICATEDTHEIRLIVESTOENGAGINGINPROLONGEDEFFORTSTOSOLVEIMPORTANTSOCIALPROBLEMSSOMETIMES,INSOMEPLACES,SUCHEFFORTSREPRESENTTHEBEST,IFNOTTHEONLY,AVAILABLEMEANSOFGARNERINGRESOURCESFORSPECIFICPO
38、PULATIONSTHEQUESTIONHERE,HOWEVER,ISWHETHERANDHOWTHISPARTICULARUNIONOFSCIENCEANDSTATEAFFECTSTHEROLEOFCULTUREINOURWORKCWESTILLLIVEINANINDIVIDUALISTICSCIENTIFICCULTURETHEBIGGESTCULTUREOFSCIENCECONSTRAINTREMAINSATTHEPARADIGMLEVEL,ATTHELEVELOFWORLDVIEWWECONTINUETOENACTEVENWHENWESAYWEKNOWBETTERTHECULTURAL
39、FALLOUTFORPSYCHOLOGYOFOURINDIVIDUALISTICCULTUREWASNOTEDEARLIERBYRYANANDSARASON,AMONGOTHERSPERHAPSMOREAPTFORTODAYISTHEADVICEPROVIDEDTOMARGARETMEADBYHERMENTORWILLIAMFIELDINGOGBURNNEVERRESORTTOPSYCHOLOGICALEXPLANATIONSUNTILEVERYCULTURALEXPLANATIONHASBEENTRIEDANDDISCARDEDCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONSHAVEINDEED
40、HEEDEDTHISCULTURALCALLINTERMSOFAFOCUSONDIVERSEGROUPS,CONCERNWITHCULTUREAPPROPRIATEMEASUREMENT,ANDINVOLVEMENTOFCOMMUNITYMEMBERSINCARRYINGOUTTHEWORKHOWEVER,OURMOSTRECENTREVIEWOFTHISLITERATURECLEARLYSHOWSTHATMOSTCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONSIGNORECULTURE,EVENWHENSPECIFICCULTURALGROUPSARETARGETEDTHEYRESTONSOCI
41、ALPSYCHOLOGICALTHEORIESADDRESSINGINTERPERSONALINFLUENCESONBEHAVIOR,NOTTHEORIESOFCULTUREANDCONTEXT,CHOOSEINDIVIDUALLEVELOUTCOMES,NOTSTRUCTURALONES,ANDALMOSTNEVERASSESSTHECOMMUNITYLEVELCONSEQUENCESOFTHEINTERVENTIONOVERTIMECULTURALSENSITIVITYISOFTMENTIONEDININDIVIDUALLEVELINTERVENTIONSINTERMSOFTAILORIN
42、G,MEASUREMENT,ANDINWHODELIVERSTHEINTERVENTIONBUT,INMANYCULTURALCONTEXTS,ACULTURALLYSENSITIVEINDIVIDUALLYBASEDINTERVENTIONMAYITSELFBEANOXYMORON,ASPEOPLEINMANYCULTURESDONOTSEETHEMSELVESASFREESTANDINGAUTONOMOUSINDIVIDUALSBUTRATHERASEMBEDDEDINNUMEROUSFAMILIAL,CLAN,COMMUNITY,ANDHISTORICALCONTEXTSTHATAFFI
43、RMTHEIRSENSEOFIDENTITYANDFROMWHICHTHEIRLIVESANDOURINTENDEDINTERVENTIONOUTCOMESOFBEHAVIORCHANGEDERIVEMEANINGGONE2007ASTHEWELLINSTORYREMINDSUS,WATERBOILINGMAYBESIMULTANEOUSLYSEENASBOTHAPOSITIVEINTERVENTIONOUTCOMESANDASOURCEOFCULTURALOSTRACIZATIONFORTHEWOMANWHOSEBEHAVIORCHANGEDASTHEINTERVENTIONINTENDED
44、THENTHEREARETHEPOTENTIALCULTURALCONSEQUENCESOFUNIVERSALISTASSUMPTIONSABOUTBEHAVIORINCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONRESEARCHDESIGNSANDANALYSESASAPASTEDITOROFTHEAJCP,IREVIEWEDMANYPAPERSWHOSEPARTICIPANTSINCLUDEDSMATTERINGSOFVARIEDETHNICORRACIALGROUPSBUTWITHNOATTENTIONTORECRUITINGSUFFICIENTNUMBERSTOALLOWMEANINGFU
45、LDIVERSITYSPECIFICANALYSESINDEED,WHENDURLAKANDWELLS1997REPORTEDTHEIRMETAANALYSISOFPRIMARYPREVENTIONPROGRAMSFORCHILDREN,SLIGHTLYLESSTHANHALFOFTHE177PAPERSTHEYREVIEWEDNEVEREVENMENTIONEDTHERACEORETHNICITYOFTHEPARTICIPANTSHOWIRRELEVANTCANCULTUREGETRESEARCHDESIGNSAREALSONOTCULTURENEUTRALFOREXAMPLE,BRUCEH
46、ASWRITTENABOUTHOWRANDOMIZEDCONTROLLEDTRIALSCANINADVERTENTLYCONTRIBUTETODOWNPLAYINGORNEGLECTINGDIVERSITYRANDOMASSIGNMENTISINTENDEDTONEGATETHENEEDTOATTENDTOPOTENTIALCONFOUNDSBYCREATINGGROUPSTHATAREEQUIVALENTONALLFACTORSACCEPTTHEEXPERIMENTALMANIPULATIONINDIVIDUALANDSITUATIONALDIFFERENCESARENOTSUPPOSEDT
47、OMATTEREACHPARTICIPANTISSIMPLYACASE,SUPPOSEDLYEQUIVALENTTOANYOTHERHUMANDIVERSITYISNOISECONTEXTUALVARIATIONINRESOURCESISNOISEWHILENOTANINHERENTCONSEQUENCEOFTHISDESIGN,ISSUESOFSTATISTICALPOWEROFTENMAKESELECTIONOFMULTIPLECULTURALGROUPSPRAGMATICALLYANDFINANCIALLYIMPROBABLEINSUCHINSTANCES,DESIGNOFTENTRUM
48、PSCULTUREMETHODTRUMPSCONTENTWHATDOWEDOTHESTRUGGLETOMAKELOCALCULTURECENTRALTOOURCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONWORKHASBEENONGOINGFORDECADESWITHINPSYCHOLOGYMOREGENERALLYLETMECONCLUDEBYOFFERINGAFEWIDEASABOUTHOWCOMMUNITYPSYCHOLOGYCANCONTRIBUTETOOURAPPRECIATIONOFCULTUREINOURWORKTHESPIRITOFTHESEIDEASFLOWSFROMISSUES
49、EMERGINGFROMTHEWELLINANDCAMPBELLACCOUNTSANDTHEASSUMPTIONSABOUTTHECULTUREOFSCIENCEPRESENTEDEARLIERMORESPECIFICALLY,THEFIRSTTHREEIDEASADDRESSWAYSOFCONDUCTINGCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONSTHATEMERGEINANALTERNATIVECULTUREOFSCIENCETHATPRIORITIZESTHECULTUREOFCOMMUNITIES,EMPOWERMENTORCHOICEASANINTERVENTIONGOAL,ANDLOCALWISDOMASARESOURCETHEYADDITIONALLYADDRESSTHEMETABOLICBALANCEOFPATIENCEANDZEALTHELASTTHREEREPRESENTEXTRAPOLATIONSOFTHESEINITIALIDEASTOTHEBROADERREALMOFCOMMUNITYINTERVENTIONSINVOLVINGMULTICULTURALCONTEXTS,DIVERSITYOFMETHODSANDRESEARCHDESIGNS,ANDGRADUATETRAININGACKNOW
