1、优质文档优质文档人教新课标版高二必修五 Unit 1 Great scientists 期末知识梳理一、训练导入I.考纲单词写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)1.painter 2.conclude 3.analyse 4.defeat 5.expert 6.attend 7.expose 8.cure 9.challenge 10.absorb 11.suspect 12.neighbourhood 13.blame 14.pollute 15.handle 16.announce 17.contribute 18.movement 19.backwa
2、rd 20.universe II.核心短语1.put_提出2.apart_除之外；此外3.make_讲得通，有意义4.draw a_得出结论5.link_.将和联系或连接起来6.be_with 对严格的来源:学科网 ZXXK7.make_for 为滕地方8.point of_态度，观点，看法9.slow_减速10.look_调查优质文档优质文档二、知识精讲I.重点词汇 1. conclude vi.终结； 结束; 推断； 决定典例1）The meeting concluded at ten oclock. 会议于十点钟结束。2）It is hard to conclude. 这很难断定。重点
3、用法 conclusion n. 结束,结论makedraw reach come toarrive at a conclusion 下结论，得出结论；bring sth. to a conclusion 使结束 ；in conclusion 作为结论，最后；2. attend v. 1)注意；留意；处理 (与 to 连用)=do with2) 出席；到场： 3)照看；照料：=take care; look after典例 1）Well attend to the problem later 稍后我们将关注那个问题。2）Which doctor is attending you? 哪一个医生为
4、你看病?重点用法 attendance n 出席，出席的人数，伺候，照料 attend school 上学attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座/ 出席会议attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚礼/参加典礼3. expose vt.1)使暴露, 显露 2)曝光 3)揭露重点用法 exposure n(在日光、风雨、危险中)暴露，暴晒( 后接 to + n) ；(摄影的)曝光be exposed to .置身于;暴露于典例 1）A real artist can always expose his students to good art and music
5、称职的艺术家总能使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐2）This film has been exposed. 这片子已经感光。3）He exposed the plan to the newspapers.他向几家报纸透露了这个计划。4）Exposure to the cold wind left my lips feeling dry我暴露在寒风中，觉得嘴唇干裂。5）As a journalist in the war, she was exposed to many dangers.作为战地记者,她置身于多种危险中.优质文档优质文档重点用法 be absorbed in 全神贯注于;热衷于 ;ab
6、sorb ones attention 吸引某人注意力典例1）The equipment can absorb moisture from the air 这一设备能从空中吸收水分2）He is absorbed in study. 他专心读书。3）This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占用了我的全部时间。 来源: 学。科。网5. blame vt责备；谴责；归咎于；n责怪；(过失、过错等)责任来源:学.科.网典例1)The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yest
7、erday那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。2) Who is to blame for the failure? 谁该为这次的失败负责?3) The student blamed the teacher for his failure学生因失败而怪老师。重点用法blame sbfor(doing)sth 因 (做)某事而指责某人blame sthon sb 因某事而指责某人sbbe to blame for(doing)sth 因( 做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意: be to blame 应负责 (无被动形式) 。来源:Z.xx.k.Com典例 1）Miss Liu instruc
8、ted a class in math last year. 刘老师去年给一个班学生上数学课. 来源:学_科_网2）The volunteers often go to an orphan home to instruct orphans. in English这些志愿者经常去孤儿之家去教他们英语.3）He was instructed when to start through the email. 他从邮件中得到出发时间的通知4）He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往纽约。重点用法instruct sb.( in sth.) 教, 教导,
9、传授技能instruct sb. to do; instr uct wh-命令 , 指示,instruct that-clause 通知典例1）He contributed to the church他向教会捐款。2）He often contributes to this newspaper他经常向这家报社投稿。3）Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素。重点用法优质文档优质文档contribution. n. 捐献，贡献；投稿contributeto 向捐献( 投稿)contribute
10、to促成，起作用，有助于来源:学*科*网make a contribution totowards 向捐赠；对作出贡献注意: 以上短语中 to 为介词； II.重点词组 1put forward 提出(建议等)；推荐某人或自己任职位；提名典例 1）He put forward a new plan yesterday他昨 天提出一个新计划。2）May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee? 我能否提名你当委员会主席?短语归纳 put on 穿上；增加 put on performances 演出put a
11、n end to 结束；终止 put off 推迟；延期；put ones heart into 全神贯注于 put down 写下put out 生产；扑灭 put back 放回；送回put up 举起；张贴典例1）Apart from a few faults，he is a perfect teacher除了几个缺点之外，他是一个很好的老师。2）Apart from the cost，the dress doesnt suit me姑且不论价格，这件礼服也不适合我穿。短语归纳in addition to 除之外( 还有,包括在内)besides 除之外( 还有,包括在内)except
12、(for)除之外除之外(还有,不包括在内)except that 除了 除之外(还有,不包括在内)典例 What he says makes sense他说的有道理。Can you make sense of this poem? 你能明白这首诗的含义吗?What you say is true in a sense你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。短语归纳make no sense 讲不通；无意义 make sense of 了解,明白in a sense 就某种意义而言；在某种意义上优质文档优质文档III.重点句型 1. So many thousands of terrified peopl
13、e died every time there was an outbreak.每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去解释 every time 可作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”immediately ，the moment，directly ，instantly 等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句，意为 “一就” 来源:学科网 ZXXK典例1）Every time I meet him，I always think of the things happened between us每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。来源:学+科+网2）Immediately he sa
14、w the message, he knew he misunderstood his best friend.一见到纸条，他就知道他误会了他最好的朋友。2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚解释Only 引导的状语放在句首，句子需用半倒装3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planet
15、s going round it .他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转解释with + 宾语+ v. ing / v. ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases 构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等典例1）With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。2）She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her fa ce. 她不停地奔跑，汗
16、珠顺着脸颊流下来。三、语法突破过去分词作定语和表语来源:Z_xx_k.Com分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等 分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词一般有被动和完成两大特征 过去分词的定语和表语功能来源: 学|科|网 Z|X|X|K定语来表“ 完成”或“被动” 来源:学科网 ZXXK来源:Z.xx.k.Comboiled water 开水 fallen leaves 落叶来源:学科网the risen sun 升起的太阳 selected apples 精选
17、苹果spoken English 英语口语 iced beer 冰镇啤酒 来源:Zxxk.Comcooked food 熟食 fried chips 炸土豆条优质文档优质文档单个的过去分词作定语时，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。 The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。 源:Zxxk.Com过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句 Near
18、the win dow，there is a bookshelf filled with many books(=which is filled with many books).靠近窗户，有一个装满书的书架。Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was brought up by me)has begun to work now.由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。当“人”作主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等 Whe
19、n we heard of it，we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。表语过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作 My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)On the earth，70% of the surface is covered with water.地 球表面 70
20、%是被水覆盖的。(状态)I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.敲门声使我大为吃惊。( 动作)【考题印证】1.（2012 上海卷-36）The club, 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. A. founded B. founding C. being founded D. to be founded【解析】A。考查非谓语动词作定语。首先， the club“俱乐部”和 found“建立”之间应该是被动关系，所以排除 B；再根据时间状语 25year
21、s ago，排除表示将来的 to be founded 和表示正在进行的 being founded，所以答案为 A。2.（2012 浙江卷-11） “Its a such nice place,“ Mother said as she sat at the table_ for customs. A. to be reserved B. Living reserved C. reserving D. Reserved【解析】D。考查非谓语过去分词。 reserve 和谓语动词 sat 之间没有连词，故用非谓语，优质文档优质文档且和其逻辑主语 the table 逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分
22、词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。3.（2012 山东-35）After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. hav ing provided D. provide【解析】B。考查过去分词作定语。句意为：完成并签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。动词 provide 与其逻辑主语 envelope 之间是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is provided。【真题体验】1.（2011 全国卷 II,
23、15）The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined2.（2011 湖南卷,23）The players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .A selecting B to select C selected D having selected3.（2010 湖南卷）So far nobody has claimed
24、 the money in the library.A. discovered B. to be discoveredC. discovering D. having discovered4.（2010 四川卷）A great number of students said they were forced to practise t he piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning5.（2010 北京卷）Im calling to enquire about the position in ye
25、sterdays China Daily.A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised6.（2010 福建卷）In A pril, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck7.（2009 四川卷）Ladies and g entlemen, please remain _ until the p
26、lane has come to a complete stop.A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat8.（2009 北京卷）For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being g rown C. to be grown D. to grow9.（2009 上海卷）With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlemen
27、ts. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected 10.（2009 湖南卷）_ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.优质文档优质文档A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Havin g bitten D. To be bitten【答案解析】1.【解析】C。考查非谓语动词。句意为 “因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。”join 是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用 join 的过去分词形式，
28、充当表示状态或性质的形容词用，选项 A、B、D 都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。选 C。2.【解析】C。考查非谓语动词做定语的用法。句意为 “人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。”select 修饰 players, 为被动关系，只有 C选项表被动。故选 C。3.【解析】A。考查非谓语动词。该空在句中作后置定语修饰 the money, 根据 the money与 discover 的被动关系, 排除 C、D 两项。B 项表示的是 “将要被发现” 的意思, 根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱” 可判断选 A 项。4.【解析】C。考查非谓
29、语动词作定语。 question 与 students 存在被动关系, question 表示的动作也已完成, 故用过去分词。5.【解析】A。考查非谓语动词。句意：我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。the position 肯定是被 advertise, 此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句 which was advertised6.【解析】B。考查 remain 后接动词的用法。当它做系动词时, 后面接过去分词作表语。7.【解析】A。考查非谓语的用法。 remain 后可接 adj, v-ing, v-ed 和 to be done 等多种形 式做表语, 在该题中可以把 seate
30、d 视为一个形容词, 所以正确答案为 A。8.【解析】A。考查非谓语动词。早餐他只喝在自己农庄种植出来的新鲜水果的果汁。水果成熟了才会拿来做果汁, 因此用过去分词作后置定语, 表示已经完成及被动的意思。答案A。9.【解析】C。考查非谓语动词。句意为：有了政府的援助, 那些受地震影响的人们已经搬到新的定居点。affect 该用过去分词 affected 作后置定语修饰 those。答案 C。10.【解析】B。句意为： 邮递员被咬了两次，除非我们看管好狗，否则他拒绝给我们投递信件。The postman 与 bite 之间是被动和完成的关系，所以答案为:B。在这里，也可以用having been
31、bitten 的形式。 四、单元自测第一节 单项选择1.Our team was ahead during the first half, but we _ in the last ten minutes.A. were won B. were lost C. were beaten D. won2. Usually children are allowed to _ when they are six years old.A. attend schoolB. attend the schoolC. join schoolD. join the school3. Professor Hawki
32、ng stepped into the office I knew that there was no hope.A. Unless B. Now that优质文档优质文档C. Although D. The moment4. His failure in the experiment suggested that he _ his teachers proper instructions.A. should not have followed B. should not followC. mustnt have followed D. hadnt followed 5. I suggeste
33、d that he _ telephone the manager before he decided.A. telephoned B. would telephone C. telephone D. had to telephone 6. Im terribly sorry that I failed to win the game.You are not _ for all you could do.A. to blame B. pleased C. right D. satisfied7. Yang Liwei was surrounded by the audience _ he st
34、epped off the stage.A. until B. through C. now that D. immediately8. Gathering clouds the coming stormA. declared B. turned out C. connected D. announced9. Seeing their son playing computer games all day, the parents dont know _ it.A. how to do B. what to do C. how to deal with D. how to do with 10.
35、 So hard _ in the past few months that he has made great progress in English. I can see that; only a few mistakes _ in the exam.A. has he worked; did he make B. he has worked; did he madeC. he has worked; he made D. has he worked; he made11. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying shoul
36、d make any _.A. value B. sense C. fun D. use12. Only by shouting at the top of his voice .A. he was able to make himself hear B. he was able to make himself heardC. was he able to make himself hear D. was he able to make himself heard13. Only after the second tower of the World Trade Centre did peop
37、le know it was not an accident, but an attack of some kind.A. had hit B. did fall C. was hit D. was fallen14. Last summer holiday, I went back to my hometown, _ the neighbors and the house _ I used to be familiar with were gone.A. only finding; which B. only to find; thatC. only to find; whom D. fou
38、nd; that15. Its quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth _ and his eyes _.A. closing; open B. closed; openedC. closing; opening D. closed; open第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题，每小题 1.5 分；满分 30 分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A 、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 。优质文档优质文档A young man was getting ready to graduate f
39、rom college. For many months he had 1 a beautiful sports car in a dealers show-room, and 2 his father could well 3 it, he told him that was all he wanted.On the morning of his graduation day, his father called him into his own study and told him how 4 he was to have such a fine son. He handed his so
40、n a beautiful gift box. 5 but slightly disappointed, the young man 6 the box and found a lovely leather-bound Bible圣经. 7 , he raised his voice at his father and said, “ 8 all your money you give me a book?” and stormed out of the house, 9 the book in the study.He did not contact his father for a who
41、le year 10 one day he realized his father was very old and he should go back to see him. Before he could make the 11, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his 12 to him. He flied back home with sadness and regret 13 his heart. When he 14 his fathers import
42、ant papers , he saw the still new Bible, 15 as he had left it one year ago. He opened it and began to 16 the pages. Suddenly, a car key 17 from an envelope taped behind the book. It had a tag (标签 )with the dealers name, the 18 dealer who had the sports car he had 19 . On the tag was the date of his
43、graduation, and the20:PAID IN FULL.1. A. expected B. enjoyed C. admired D. owned2. A. finding B. proving C. deciding D. knowing3. A. afford B. offer C. keep D. like4. A. encouraged B. comfortable C. proud D. moved5. A. Nervous B. Serious C. Careful D. Curious6. A. packed B. opened C. picked up D. pu
44、t aside7. A. Angrily B. Eagerly C. Calmly D. anxiously8. A. At B. From C. With D. To9. A. tearing B. putting C. forgetting D. leaving10. A. until B. as C. before D. unless11. A. agreement B. arrangements C. plan D. dream12. A. possessions B. books C. money D. purchases13. A. took B. filled C. made D
45、. damaged14. A. put through B. read through C. get through D. search through15. A. just B. only C. rather D. much16. A. clean B. read C. turn D. count17. A. lost B. came C. appeared D. dropped18. A. old B. same C. special D. new19 A. remembered B. desired C. found D. met20. A. words B. information C. messages D. card单元自测答案：
