1、.绝密启用前 2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语（北京卷）本试卷共14页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考 生 务 必 将 答 案 答 在 答 题 卡 上 ， 在 试 卷 上 作 答 无 效 。考 试 结 束 后 ， 将 本 试 卷 和 答 题 卡 一 并 交 回 。 学 hes had job 34 and all sorts, Mr. Anderson commented.For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35 . The story once again tells us that one good turn d
2、eserves another.16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D.
3、 writing23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement26. A. when B. if C. where D. because27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead.29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D.
4、 generous30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn33. A. of B. at C. for D. in34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge第二部分：阅读理解(共两节， 40分)第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从
5、每题所给的A 、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMy First Marathon（ 马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. clas
6、s, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic.The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or wh
7、ether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my sho
8、e laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!A
9、s I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the gu
10、y who came in first place had. zxxkDetermined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a marathon winner.36. A month before the marathon, the author _.A. was well trained B. felt scared C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope37. Why did the author men
11、tion the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.C. To show he was not talented in sports.D. To share a precious memory.38. How was the authors first marathon?A. He made it. B. He quit halfway.C. He got the first prize. D. He
12、 walked to the end.39. What does the story mainly tell us?A. A man owes his success to his family support.B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. One is never too old to learn. BFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) CenterIf youre looking for
13、 a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wi
14、de variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what theyre studying in the classroom.For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, tr
15、ainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟 ) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives .trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles
16、of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱学 *科网) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of downed pilot.With all the program
17、s, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week there is somet
18、hing here for everyone!For more details, please visit us online at .40. Why do people come to SAC?A. To experience adventures.B. To look for jobs in aviation.C. To get a degree in engineering.D. To learn more about medicine.41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .A. fly to spaceB.
19、 get an Aviation badge firstC. study the principles of flightD. build and fire model rockets42. What is the most important for trainees?A. Leadership. B. Team spirit.C. Task planning. D. Survival skills.CPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half
20、 of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the .greater wax
21、moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the
22、 polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物学科.网) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchi
23、ni, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food beeswax also allows them to break down plastic. Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, she explains, The wax worm evolved a method or system to break
24、this bond. Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruy
25、n says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind
26、of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.44. According to Jennifer DeBr
27、uyn, the next step of the study is to .A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bags.C.
28、 be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in factories in future46. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.DPreparing Cities for R
29、obot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on
30、 public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isnt leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. Its hard to pr
31、edict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on t
32、he safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles
33、 are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain t
34、hemselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. Th
35、e convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车 ) services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and share
36、d systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% .and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-ha
37、iling services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure th
38、e appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of
39、the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.47. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can _.A. help deal with transportation-related problemsB. provide better services to customersC. cause damage to our environmentD. make some people lose jobs48. As for drive
40、rless cars, what is the authors major concern?A. Safety. B. Side effects.C. Affordability. D. Management.49. What does the underlined word fielded in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Employed. B. Replaced.C. Shared. D. Reduced.50. What is the authors attitude to the future of self-driving cars?A. Doubtf
41、ul. B. Positive.C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Why Do We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main r
42、easons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. 51 Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, .here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing
43、physical pain, and much more. _52_ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to ones personal history and psychological traits. zxxkEach person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competiti
44、veness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 53 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometim
45、es ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and preve
46、nt cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is
47、usually advised to reduce it.D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger i
48、f we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.zxxk第三部分：书面表达(共两节， 35分)第一节 (15分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：1. 表示欢迎；2. 推荐他上哪所大学；3. 建议他做哪些准备工作。注意：1. 词数不少于50；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
