1、优质文档优质文档人教新课标版高二选修六 Unit 5 The power of nature 期末知识梳理一、训练导入I.考纲单词写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)1.volcano 2.ash 3. anxious 4.equipment 5.appoint 6.wave 7.absolute 8.suit 9.actual 1 0.precious 11.fog 12.document 13.rainbow 14.shoot 15.sweat II.核心短语1be suitable_ 适合2be_ as 被任命为3be_ about 因-而焦虑4_
2、fromto 由到不等5_ ones way to 前往6_ to the ground,全部焚毁7be buried under the _被埋在废墟8_ through 匆匆看一遍9have a_ for 有天赋10be_ about 对乐观二、知识精讲I.重点词汇 1. eq uipment n.U 典例1) After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.优质文档优质文档实验室发生火灾后，许多设备都毁坏了.2) A good sleeping bag is an essential part of ev
3、ery campers equipment.一个完好的睡袋是每个露宿者必不可少的装备。重点用法equip sb./sth. with sth. 用装备起来./使具备2. appoint vt.约定; 任命, 委任典例1) He was appointed mayor of the city. 他被任命为市长。2) Please appoint a time for the meeting 请你约定开会时间重点用法break an/ ones appointment 违约, 失约have an appointment with sb. at 要在某时间和某人有约会keep an /ones ap
4、pointment 守约Make/ fix an appointment with sb. 与某人约会by appointment 按照约定, 照章hold an appointment 担任某职3. evaluate vt.评估，评价，估计重点用法evaluation n. C U 评估，评价，评估报告evaluate ones ability 评估某人的能力；evaluate the value/quality of sth. 评估某物的价值/ 质量典例1) I cannot evaluate his ability without seeing his work.没见过他的工作，我无法评
5、估他的能力。2) They made an intensive evaluation of the health care program.他们对医疗保健计划进行了深入的评估.4. precious adj.贵重的，珍贵的重点用法preciously adv. 昂贵地；preciousness n. 珍贵同义词：expensive adj. 花费的 , 昂贵的典例1) You sho uld make good use of every precious minute to study. 你应很好利用宝贵的每一分钟去学习。优质文档优质文档2) That old book is my most
6、precious possession. 那本旧书是我最珍贵的财产。3) My time is precious; I can only give you a few minute s. 我的时间很宝贵，我只能见你几分钟。 来源:Zxxk.Com5. panic (panicked; panicked) v.惊慌 n.惊慌，恐慌重点用法in a panic 感到惊慌;惊恐地典例1) The children panicked when the plans flied over the city.当飞机飞过城市的上空,孩子们惊慌失措.2) The thunder panicked the bab
7、y.雷声吓坏了婴儿3) People in panic had nothing to do but wait for death.惊恐万分的人们只好坐以待毙.6. diverse adj.多种多样的，不同的典例1) Her interests are very diverse. 她的兴趣非常广泛。2) They are the people from diverse cultures. 他们是些有着不同文化背景的人。3) The program deals with subjects as diverse as pop music and Beijing Opera.节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这
8、样形形色色的题材。重点用法diversity n. 差异 , 多样性；diversify v. 使多样化, 作多样性的投资 various adj. 不同的 , 各种各样的, 多方面的, 多样的；different adj. 不同的7. guarantee vt.保证，担保 n.保证, 保证书,保修重点用法guarantor 担保人；保证人stand guarantee for .替.担任保证人；guarantee of sth./that 的保证； guarantee sth against sth. 许诺反对；bank guarantee 银行担保；offer ones house as
9、a guarantee 以房屋为担保品； 典例1) Blue skies are not always a guarantee of fine weather. 蔚兰的天空并不永远保证晴朗的天气。2) Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers. 许多店主对顾客保证满意。优质文档优质文档3) We cannot guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in fogy weather. 雾天我们不能保证火车准时到达。II.重点词组 1. comparewith 将与比较( 强调将两者进行比较
10、)短语归纳compare A to B 将比作( 强调比喻 )compared to/with 与相比较起来(在句中充当状语成分 ,用过去分词,介词可互换)典例1) Mans life is often compared to a candle. 人生常被喻为蜡烛。2) I compared the copy with the original, but there was not much difference.我比较了复印件和原件，但是差别不是很大。3) Compared with/to boys, girls are more quiet and shy.相比男孩,女孩子要更文静害羞些.
11、2. burn to the ground 全部烧毁短语归纳burn up（因热度过高）烧坏；烧毁；燃得更旺burn away 继续燃烧；burn down 全部焚毁; 火势减弱；burn itself out 烧尽; 烧完； burn oneself out 耗尽精力, 精疲力竭； burn ones face in the sun 晒黑了脸；burn ones money 把钱挥霍掉来源:学.科.网 Z.X.X.K典例1) Everybody is burning to know the good news. 大家都急于想知道这则好消息。2) Dont leave the gas on y
12、ou might burn the house down. 别忘了关煤气炉 -不然会把房子烧掉的。3) The house burnt down in half an hour. 那所房子在半小时之内就被焚为平地。make ones way 前往;非常艰难地行进；有出息短语归纳by the way 顺便说说；by way of 途经；go out of ones way 尽力； mend ones ways 改邪归正；out of the way 反常的； 优质文档优质文档典例1) If you want to make your way in the world, you must lear
13、n to work hard while you are still young. 你如果想有出息，年轻的时候就要学会勤奋。2) Will you be able to make your way to Taiwan?你能自己去台湾吗？3) She hesitated, but made her way forward. 她犹豫了一下，还是向前走去。4) The Red Army made their way from the south of China to the northwest, which is called the Long March. 中国工农红军从中国南方艰难地走到西北，
14、这就叫做长征。3. impress sb. with sth. 使某人铭记某事短语归纳be impressed by 为所感动；对 有印象make an impression on sb. that 给某人留下印象典例1) The song impresses me with the old days in college.这首歌使我记起了大学里以往的日子。2) All the tourists are impressed by the amazing sunset.所有的游客都被美妙的日落景象迷住了。3) His talking and appearance made an impressi
15、on on us that he had ever received a good education.他的言行举止让我们感觉到他曾经受过很好的教育。III.重点句型 1. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要回去再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。解释be (just) about to dowhen“正要做这时( 突然)典例1) I was just about to go out when the phone rang.我刚要出去这时电话响了。2) I was ju
16、st about to leave when he came.我刚要离开，他就来了。2. It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.解释 It is said that据说 相类似的句型结构: It is proved/ announced/ believed/ expected/stated/ thought /reported that.典例来源 :学| 科|网1) It is said that China
17、is going to launch another spaceship this year.据说中国会在今年发射令一个宇宙飞船.来源:学科网2) It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in laterlife.孩童时多吃蔬菜有助于保护你以后免受疾病的困扰已经得到证实。优质文档优质文档三、语法突破动词形式 ing 作状语现在分词作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语或结果状语、补充说明、方式状语等来探讨现在分词的用法特点。1）用作表
18、示原因分词短语作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，常放在句首。例如：Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。Many of us, being so excited, couldnt go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。 分词短语作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，常放在句首。(分词作状语，前面可加when，while等)如：The poor of the cities, having lived such a hard life
19、, took up their guns.(=As they had lived such a hard life, the poor of the cities. Took up their guns)城市贫民由于过着那样艰苦的生活，所以他们都拿起了武器。Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs.他（在探案方面）的足智多谋广为人知。因此，他能够帮助很多人解决私事。2）用作表示时间状语从句由于现在分词具有和谓语动词同时性的特
20、点，所以表示时分词所表示的动词和谓语动词所表示的动作一般都是同时或接着发生的。在表示两个紧接着发生的动作时其紧凑感常常是用when, while引出。例如：Hearing the news( When they heard the news), they immediately set off for the station.他们听到这个消息后，立即出发到车站了。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。注意：表示与主句中谓语动词同时性的现在分词强调时间意义时，分词前可以加上while, Dont t
21、alk while having dinner. 吃饭时不要说话。来源:学科网When crossing the street, do be careful. 过马路时要小心。优质文档优质文档when等从属连接词，但as没有这种用法。如：While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。3）用作表示伴随状语从句用现在分词表达和谓语动词同时进行的动作，谓语动词表示一个重要动作分词表示一个次要动作 ，分词常放在句末。具有一种生动的描绘功能。例如：They stood there for half an hour w
22、atching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。But later people developed a way of printing; using rock.但是以 后 ，人们利用石块发展印刷术。The man went hunting in the woods his dog following him.那人去森林狩猎，身后跟着一只狗。4）用作表示目的状语从句两句也可用 in
23、 order to或 so as to 来表示目的，但其效果远不如用分词表示。来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*KPiles of stones lie in a corner of the courtyard ,waiting to be replaced.院子的一个角落里放着一堆堆石头准备作更换之用。Most animals will stand away from the lion, keeping themselves safe from the danger.大多数动物总是远离狮子，以保护自身安全免遭危险。5）用作表示补充说明从例句可以看出有一个共同的特点：前半部分都是陈述一件事实或提出一
24、个看法，而现在分词短语则辅助一进一步的细节，描述来为之提供情况以增加或完善句子内容。A satellite has equipment for making electricity from sunshine, using very broad sun panels.人造卫星有太阳能发电设备，使用的是很大的太阳能电池板。There will be a writer writing the text for the advertisement and designer who will design it, using pictures or photographs and the text.广
25、告词将有专人撰写广告师、设计师则用图片或照片和广告词来设计广告。6）用作表示方式或方法在分词作方式状语时，可置于句首也可置于句末，具有很强的描绘色彩和感情色彩。以第一句为例，突出表现了画家用手指，而不是用笔作画这一与众不同之处。Using his fingers and thumb, the painter drew a picture of wood within ten minutes.画家用他的手指和大拇指在十分钟内画成了一幅森林画。Traveling by train，we visit a number of cities我们坐火车参观了好多城市。The sperm whale the
26、refore has to look for the squid using sound waves.因此巨头鲸必须用声波去搜优质文档优质文档同时也表现了作者的羡慕和好奇之情。寻鱿鱼。来源:Z_xx_k.Com7）用作表示条件状语从句A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。注：-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。上述例句中的现在分词短语相当于条件句，但他们比用表示的条件显得更简洁。值得注意的是例句2中的分词短语其逻辑主语并
27、非是句子的主语，在这句里，分词短语所表示的是客观或设想条件。Working diligently，you will certainly succeed只要刻苦学习，你就会成功的。 来源:学科网ZXXKBeing more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. 如果你更细心，你会犯更少的错误。8）用作表示让步状语从句Admitting what you say, you are still in the wrong(=Though we admit what you say.)尽管我们承认你所说的，你仍然是错的。Knowing all this, they
28、made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。9）用作表示结果状语The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable. 大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport. 80多个国家都踢足球，因此足球成了一种很流行的运动。 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, break
29、ing it into pieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。10）现在分词可作独立成分在句中没有逻辑主语，可以独立存在。它们往往已成为习惯语：generally(strictly，etc)speaking 一般(严格等)Strictly(honestly/generally)speaking, this book is not very difficult.总的来说，这书并不难。Judging from what you say, he has done a very good job.从你的话来看，他的工作做的不错。优质文档优质文档地讲 considering考虑、从判
30、断 supposing假定现在分词与过去分词做状语的区别来源:Z,xx,k.Com1)现在分词在句中可作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。现在分词作状语具有以下几个特性：(1)时间性：与谓语动作同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done；(2)语态性：与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则是“主动进行，被动完成”； (3)人称一致性：分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 2）过去分词作状语，在句子中也可用作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语，相当于一个状语从句。与现在分词不同的是过去分词表示被动关系，所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动作之前或同时发生。Hear
31、ing the news (=When they heard the news)，they all jumped with joyGiven better attention (If the plants were given better attention)，the plants could grow better【考题印证】1.（2012 江西卷）35John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.Aoffered Boffering Cto offer Dto be offered【
32、解析】B。非谓语动词。offer 的逻辑主语为空格前名词 letter，根据句意，两者语态为主动关系，且表伴随，故选 B。2.（2012 重庆卷）23._to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked【解析】A。非谓语动词用法。逗号前为原因状语，空白处与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，由此可排除表示主动关系的 B 和 C 选项，D 选项常作目的和结果状语，不作原因状语，也可排除，而 A 选项为现在分词完成式的
33、被动形式，可作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随状语等。因此，正确答案为 A 选项。3.（2012 陕西卷）15._ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand【解析】A 。考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词短语后有逗号，说明非谓语动词做题干的状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语 we，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系，且其动作与谓语动词 wait 的动作同时进行，用动词 v-ing 的一般式，选 A。【真题体验】优质文档优质文档1.（20
34、12 全国新课程）28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit2.（2012 江苏卷）31. an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base3.(2011 全国卷 II,18) Sarah pretended to be cheerful
35、, _nothing about the argument.A. says B. said C. to say D. saying4.（2011 北京卷,33）Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept5.（2011 上海春招,34）Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, _ newly cleaned and poli
36、shed.A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking6.(2011 浙江卷,3) Bats are surprsingly long-lived cre atures, some _a life span of around 20 years.A.having B had C. have D. to have7.（2011 陕西卷,20） More highways have been built in China,_it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.
37、 A. making B. made C. to make D. having made8（2011 湖南卷,29）Do you wake up every morning _ energetic and ready to start a new day?A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt9.(2011 辽宁卷,30) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering10.(20
38、09 年辽宁卷)When we visited my old family home，memory came _back.Aflooding Bto flood Cflood Dflooded【答案解析】1.【解析 】A。考查现在分词的独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。此处主句的主语 party 和 weather 不一致，所以 weather 保留，作 permitting 的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。另外，weat her 与 permit 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。2.【解析】B。非谓语动词 动词现在分词做状语动词base与逻辑主语you之间构成主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故选B项。3.【解析】D 考查非谓语动词。句意为 “Sarah 假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。”A 和 B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C 项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选 D。4.【解析】B 考查非谓语动词。句意为 “Emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。 ”A 项 to
