1、优质文档优质文档Unit 1 Great Scientists语言要点单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词语来源:学+科+网辨析 来源: 学科网ZXXK1. character / characteristic 2. examine / check / test 3. cure / treat 4. blame / scold 5. reject / refuse来源:学.科.网来源:学#科#网 Z#X#X#K1. scientific adj.科学的 science n.科学 scientist n.科学家2. valuable adj.有价值的 value n. 价值 value
2、 v. 估价, 评价3. instruct v. 教导， 命令instruction n. 指示，用法说明instructive adj.有益的，教育性的词形变化4. enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的enthusiasm n.狂热，热心enthusiast n.热心家，狂热者重点单词1. conclude v. 断定， 得出结论 ; 结束（正式） ；2. attend v. vt. 出席, 参加, 照顾, 护理, 注意 vi.专心, 留意3. expose vt. 使暴露, 受到, 使曝光 v 揭露4. absorb vt. 吸收;使( 精神)贯注;吞并5. blame n 过
3、失, 责备 vt.责备 , 谴责6. instruct vt .教, 教导, 命令, 指示, 通知7. contribute vi 另外make sense 有意义重点句子1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of
4、 the solar system with the planets going round it .重点语法 过去分词做表语和定语 (见语法专题 )I.词语辨析 1). character/characteristic n. 【解释】character 性格，品质 （本身具有的） ；角色，人物；字体，字符characteristic 特点，特征（区别于其他事物）优质文档优质文档【练习】选择 character 或 characteristic 并用其适当的形式填空1） He proved himself true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was s
5、een at its best when he worked with others.2） People living in the city are different from those in the countryside in _ .3） What are the _that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese?4） Chinese _ attract a great number of foreigners all over the world.5） The main purpose of a play is to let the _
6、 speak for themselves as much as possible.Keys: 1) character 2) character 3) characteristics 4) character 5) character2). examine/ check /test 检查【解释】examine 仔细察看或观察（以了解情况或是否有问题或毛病）check 检查 （含有“校对”或“找错”的意思）test 检查，检测（以某种手段来试一试某人或某物是否达到了一定的标准）【练习】选择 check , examine 或 test，并用其适当的形式填空1）I was being _ for
7、 a driving license for the third time.2）The doctor _ him carefully.3）The interviewer always _ her facts before sending them to the editor.Keys: 1) tested 2) examined 3) checks3) cure/ treat 治疗，【解释】cure 表示治愈的结果treat 表示治疗的过程【练习】选择 cure 或 treat 并用其适当的形式填空1) After being _ for such a long time, the wound
8、 _ at last.Keys: 1) treated; cured4) blame/scold 责备【解释】blame 责备；谴责； 归咎于强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为的谴责或惩罚：scold 斥责” 、 “责骂”指大声呵斥，责备，唠唠叨叨地说，常用于长辈对晚辈【练习】1）Dont _ it on him, but on me.2）The parents _ the naughty boy and asked him to leave the home at once.Keys: 1) blame 2) scolded5) reject /refuse 拒绝【解释】reject 后接名
9、词， （含对被抛弃的东西不屑一顾）refuse 后接名词，动名词 ，可表“谢绝”【练习】选择 refuse 或 reject 并用其适当的形式填空1）The Christian Church _ his theory, saying it was against Gods idea.2）I cant stand working with Jane in the same office. She just _to stop talking while she works.Keys: 1) rejected 2) refuses优质文档优质文档II. 词形变化science n，科学 scient
10、ific adj.科学的 scientist n.科学家announce v宣布 announcement n.宣布 announcer n，广播员，告知者instruct v.指导，命令 instruction n.指导，指示 instructive adj.有益的，教育性的enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的enthusiasm n.狂热，热心 enthusiast n.热心家，狂热者valuable adj.有价值的 value n. 价值 value v. 估价, 评价【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) The _ took a very _ appr
11、oach to _.(science)2) The _ make a(n) _ that all the details should _ through the broadcast.(announce)3) It is _ and easy for the children to read some masterpieces with the _ at the bottom of each page.(instruct)4) “You dont seem very _ about the idea.” “I dont mind,” she said, without much _.(enth
12、usiasm)5) There is no any criterion to _ whether it is _ information. (value)keys: 1) scientist; scientific; science 2) announcer; announcement; be announced 3) instructive;instructions 4) enthusiastic; enthusiasm 5) value;valuable 重点词汇1. conclude vi.终结； 结束; 推断； 决定典例1）The meeting concluded at ten oc
13、lock. 会议于十点钟结束。2）It is hard to conclude. 这很难断定。重点用法 conclusion n. 结束,结论makedraw reach come toarrive at a conclu sion 下结论，得出结论；bring sth. to a conclusion 使结束；in conclusion 作为结论，最后；练习 汉译英1） 我们推定蓝队无法按时抵达目的地。_2） 我们认定他并没有告诉我们实情，也就是他在撒谎。 _Keys:1) We concluded that the blue team could not reach the destina
14、tion on time. 2) We concluded that he didnt tell us the truth. That is, he was lying.2. attend v. 1)注意；留意；处理 (与 to 连用)=do with优质文档优质文档2) 出席；到场： 3)照看；照料：=take care; look after典例 1）Well attend to the problem later 稍后我们将关注那个问题。2）Which doctor is attending you? 哪一个医生为你看病?重点用法 attendance n 出席，出席的人数，伺候，照料
15、attend school 上学attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座/ 出席会议attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚礼/参加典礼练习 汉译英1） 他们在我们不在时管理事务。_2) 他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。_Keys: 1) They attended our affairs during our absence. 2) He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.3. exp
16、ose vt.1)使暴露, 显露 2)曝光 3)揭露重点用法 exposure n(在日光、风雨、危险中)暴露，暴晒( 后接 to + n) ；(摄影的)曝光be exposed to .置身于;暴露于典例 1）A real artist can always expose his students to good art and music称职的艺术家总能使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐2）This film has been exposed. 这片子已经感光。3）He exposed the plan to the newspapers.他向几家报纸透露了这个计划。4）Exposure to t
17、he cold wind left my lips feeling dry我暴露在寒风中，觉得嘴唇干裂。5）As a journalist in the war, she was exposed to many dangers.作为战地记者,她置身于多种危险中.练习用 expose 的恰当形式填空。1）The soil was washed away by the flood，_bare rock 2）The baby was left _the wind and rain 3）The _of the plot against the President probably saved his
18、lifeKeys: 1) exposing 2) exposed to 3) exposure4. absorb 1) 吸收 2)使( 精神)贯注 3)占用(时间)重点用法 be absorbed in 全神贯注于;热衷于 ;absorb ones attention 吸引某人注意力典例1）The equipment can absorb moisture from the air 这一设备能从空中吸收水分优质文档优质文档2）He is absorbed in study. 他专心读书。3）This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占用了我的全部时间。练习 汉译
19、英1） 颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力。_2） 这双新鞋特别设计了吸收能量的作用。_Keys: 1) Things in colour can often absorb childrens attention easily. 2) The new shoes are specially designed to absorb the energy.5. blame vt责备；谴责；归咎于；n责怪；(过失、过错等)责任典例1)The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday那个粗心的
20、司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。2) Who is to blame for the failure? 谁该为这次的失败负责?3) The student blamed the teacher for his failure学生因失败而怪老师。重点用法blame sbfor(doing)sth 因 (做)某事而指责某人blame sthon sb 因某事而指责某人sbbe to blame for(doing)sth 因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意: be to blame 应负责 (无被动形式) 。练习 汉译英1）看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了._2）这件事谁也不能怨._3）他指责你玩忽
21、职守._Keys: 1) It seemed that the water was to blame. 2) Nobody is to blame for it. 3) He blames you for neglect of duty.6. instruct vt 教导; 指示典例 1）Miss Liu instructed a class in math last year. 刘老师去年给一个班学生上数学课.2）The volunteers often go to an orphan home to instruct orphans. in English这些志愿者经常去孤儿之家去教他们英
22、语.3）He was instructed when to start through the email. 他从邮件中得到出发时间的通知4）He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往纽约。优质文档优质文档重点用法instruct sb.( in sth.) 教 , 教导,传授技能instruct sb. to do; instruct wh-命令, 指示,instruct that-clause 通知练习 汉译英1）老职工对青年职工言传身教._ _2）同时要求孩子们放学后留在教室里._Keys: 1) The old workers instr
23、uct the young workers not only in words, but by deeds. 2)The children were also instructed not to leave the classroom after class.7. contribute vi另外典例1）Apart from a few faults， he is a perfect teacher除了几个缺点之外，他是一个很好的老师。2）Apart from the cost，the dress doesnt suit me姑且不论价格，这件礼服也不适合我穿。短语归纳in addition t
24、o 除之外( 还有,包括在内)besides 除之外( 还有,包括在内)except (for)除之外除之外(还有,不包括在内)except that 除了 除之外(还有,不包括在内)练习选择以上短语填空。1) As a senior student, we study other subjects _ English.2) Your article is well written _ some spelling mistakes.Keys: 1) besides/ in addition to/apart from 2) except for3. make sense 讲得通；有意义典例 W
25、hat he says makes sense他说的有道理。Can you make sense of this poem? 你能明白这首诗的含义吗?What you say is true in a sense你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。短语归纳make no sense 讲不通；无意义 make sense of 了解,明白in a sense 就某种意义而言；在某种意义上练习 汉译英1） 老师试了许多次，但这个长句依然讲不通。_2） 从某种意义上说，这部影片富含意义。_Keys: 1) The teacher tried many times, but the long sentenc
26、e still could not make sense.2) The film is full of meaning in a sense.V 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. So many thousands of terrified people died ev ery time there was an outbreak.每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去解释 every time 可作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”immediately ，the moment，directly ，instantly 等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句，意为 “一就”优
27、质文档优质文档典例1）Every time I meet him，I always think of the things happened between us每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。2）Immediately he saw the message, he knew he misunderstood his best friend.一见到纸条，他就知道他误会了他最好的朋友。练习 汉译英）每次我去找他，他都在专心看书_）我一见到她就把这本书给了她。_）我一见到他就把这封信给他。_）我一接到你的信就来了。 _Keys: 1) Every time I went to see h
28、im, he was absorbed in reading. 2) I gave the book to her the moment I saw her 3) I will give the letter to him immediately I see him4) I came directly I got the letter 2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚解释Only
29、 引导的状语放在句首，句子需用半倒装练习汉译英) 只有用这种方法，你才能轻松地解决这个问题_) 就在你失去它的时候，你才会懂得时间的宝贵_Keys: 1) Only in this way, can you deal with the problem easily. 2) Only when you lost it, will you understand how valuable the time is.3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it .他把太
30、阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转解释with + 宾语+ v. ing / v. ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases 构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等典例1）With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。2）She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face. 她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。优质文档优质文档练习 汉译
31、英1） 老师微笑地走进教室，身后还跟着一群小朋友_2） 随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了_Keys: 1) With a group of children following, the teacher came into the classroom with smile.2) With the test finished, we began our holiday.课文要点（模块）课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：In the times of Queen Victoria, so-called “King Chol
32、era“ hit Londoners, which often 1 （导致）large numbers of 2 (dead). Thanks to John Snow, a then well known 3 , this deadly disease finally got controlled. John Snow thought 4 most important was to find its 5 . So he began to gather the information, for which he made a map, on which he marked 6 the 7 （受
33、害者）had lived. As a result, he found out that the 8 (污染) water was the cause of cholera and suggested that the source of all water supplies 9 （检查）immediately. Finally “King Cholera“ 10 (defeat). 答案：1. resulted in 2. deaths 3. doctor 4. the 5. cause 6. where 7. victims 8. polluted 9. be examined 10. w
34、as defeated课文大意概括 （旨在训练用 30 个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用 30 来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语这篇短文的主要意思是说斯诺找到了一种叫做霍乱疾病的起因，这是 19 世纪发生在伦敦的一种致命的疾病。在斯诺的努力，该疾病终于得到控制。The main idea of this passage is that _答案：The main idea of this passage is that John Snow found out the cause of the disease called choler a which was a deadly d
35、isease in London in the 19th century. With Snow s great efforts, the disease was finally under control.课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）1【原句】John Snow was a well-known doctor in Landon( and he was) so famous, indeed (插入语), that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. 模仿要点 两个简单句合并成一句，很好
36、地运用了插入语和符号来压缩句子。【模仿 1】. 张老师是个热心的老师，他那么善良我想当他的学生生病时他一定乐意帮助他们的。_优质文档优质文档_答案：Mr. Zhang is a warm-hearted teacher in our schoolso kind, I think/ I believe/ I suppose/ I dare say (插入语 ), that he is sure to help his students when they are ill.【模仿 2】李平是我们班一位用功的学生。他那么勤奋我想晚上不到 11 点他不会上床睡觉的。_答案：Li Ping is a h
37、ard-working boy in my classso diligent, I suppose, that he never goes to bed until 11 at night. 2【原句】Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.模仿要点 冒号加 that 从句【模仿 1】虽然她不相信别人说的话，可她所收集的证据得出这
38、样的结论：她的男朋友骗了她。_答案：Though she didnt believe what other people said, the evidences that she collected led to the conclusion: that her boy friend cheated her. 【模仿 2】尽管他很聪明，但他不勤奋。他这学期所经历的失败得出这样的结论：不劳不获_答案：Though he was very clever，he didnt work hard and all his failure ( that she experienced) this term
39、led to the conclusion: that no pains no gains.3【原句】He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.模仿要点 句子结构：with 的复合结构作定语修饰前面的名词。【模仿 1】当你步入校园，在你面前是一个种着各种花草的大花坛。在花坛的两边是两个高大的楼房：左边是教学楼，右边是图书馆。_答案：When you enter the school, you can see in front of you a big flower bed with various kinds of flowers and grass growing in it and with two large buildings standing on both sides the library on your right and the teaching building on your left. 【模仿 2】 井底之蛙，永远看不到天空的广阔， “好男儿志在四方” ，让我们踏歌而行，看高高的灯塔照亮我们远航的路
