1、高中英语必修 2（外研版）Unit 1 Our Body and Healthy Habits 知识点总结一、重点词汇词义辨析：injure/hurt/wound/cut 四者都可以指“伤害、伤痛”。意义injure 指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。hurt 既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害。wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。cut 无意中造成的轻伤。Drinking can injure ones health. 喝酒对人的健康有害。Im sorry I hurt you; I didnt mean to.对不起，我弄伤了你；我不
2、是故意的。The robber wounded him with a knife.那个强盗用刀刺伤了他。How did you get that cut on your hand?你手上的伤口是怎么弄的？词义辨析：normal/common/general/ordinary 这四个词都有“普通的”、“ 常见的” 意思。其区别是：normal 强调人或物“符合常态或常规”。common 强调许多事物具有某种共同点而“不足为奇”。general 侧重“普遍”之意，普遍于大多数人或事物中。ordinary 与一般事物的性质标准相同，强调“平常”而无奇特之处。Its normal to feel ti
3、red after such a long trip.长途旅行后感到累是很正常的。His name was Hansen, a common name in Norway. 他的名字叫汉森，在挪威是一个常见的名字。As a general rule, prices follow demands.一般而言，物价随需求而变化。Now electrical appliances have entered into ordinary families.现在，家用电器已经步入普通家庭。diet n.饮食；节食 1. a healthy/balanced diet：健康的 /均衡的饮食2. go/be o
4、n a diet：用规定食谱；节食You dont have to go on a diet to lose weight.你不需要靠节食来减肥。anxious adj. 焦虑的；渴望的 1. be anxious about sth.：为担心，忧虑2. be anxious for sth.：渴望3. be anxious to do sth.：急于，渴望做某事I am anxious about the parcel because it hasnt arrived. 我对这包裹很担心，因为它还没到。The whole country was anxious for peace.全国上下都
5、渴望和平。She was anxious to finish school and get a job.她渴望毕业找一份工作。be crazy about：迷恋 Hes still crazy about both his work and his hobbies. 他对工作和个人爱好依然保持狂热。begin with：以开始 The teacher began his class with a question.老师以一个问题开始他的讲课。be/get injured：受伤 He got injured through his own carelessness. 他由于粗心受伤了。breat
6、he in/out：吸入/呼出 In large cities people breathe in dangerous gases from cars and chimneys.在大城市人们呼吸时吸入汽车和烟囱排出的有害气体。一词多义：fit adj. 健康的，强壮的；合适的 v.适合，适应 Mr. Smith needs more exercises to keep fit.（keep fit：保持健康）史密斯先生需要更多的锻炼以保持身体健康。Hes been ill and isnt fit for work yet. （be fit for：适合）他一直在生病，尚不能工作。This ne
7、w jacket fits her well. 这件夹克很合她的身。一词多义：head n. 头部；头脑 v. 朝前进；前往 The ship came about and headed for the shore.轮船调转般向朝海岸驶去。拓展：英语中有些名词可转化为动词，如：eye n. 眼睛 v.（用眼睛看）注视；端详face n. 脸 v. 面对picture n. 照片，影片 v. 画；拍照dress n. 礼服 v.打扮，穿衣阅读必备词汇 rare adj. 稀少的；罕有的rarely adv. 罕有地wealthy adj. 富裕的 overweight adj. 太胖的；超重的
8、symptom n. 症状insurance n. 保险 questionnaire n. 问卷调查 awful adj. 糟糕的；可怕的；充满敬畏的become ill 生病have a temperature 发烧putinto 将投入/放入take exercise 锻炼lie down 躺下二、重点句型So as you can see from what Ive said, Im a normal kind of person. 解析：本句的主干是“Im a normal kind of person”；“as you can see from what Ive said”是由 as
9、 引导的一个定语从句；what 引导的是 from 的宾语从句。翻译：因此，正如你能从我所说的看到的一样，我只是一个普通人。拓展：as 引导的定语从句在写作中应用相当广泛，常见的结构有：“as is known to all”; “as we all know”意思都是“众所周知” 。Because of this, I make sure that I have a good diet, and as Ive said,this isnt a problem because my mother feeds us so well. 解析：本句的主干是“I make sure that and
10、this isnt a problem”，由 and 连接一个并列句。 “that I have a good diet” 是 make sure 的宾语从句，“Because of this”是一个介词结构，表示原因； “as Ive said”是一个定语从句，修饰“this isnt a problem”；because 引导的是一个原因状语从句。翻译：因此，我得确保合理膳食；而且正如我前面所说，合理膳食并不是一个问题，因为我母亲把我们照顾得很好。Britain was the first country in the world to have a free health care sy
11、stem paid for the by the government. 解析：本句的主干是“Britain was the first country in the world”；“to have a free health care system”是动词不定式结构作定语，修饰前面的 country；“paid for the by the government”是过去分词结构作定语，修饰前面的system。翻译：英国是世界上第一个拥有免费医疗系统的国家，整个医疗体系都是由政府资助的。拓展：非谓语作定语在写作中应用相当广泛，有时简单的定语从句可以考虑使用非谓语来代替，这样可以使语言简练地道，
12、例如：The boy whose name is Tom is popular with his classmates.The boy named Tom is popular with his classmates.They see doctors who work for themselves and pay the doctors through the health insurance company. 解析：本句的主干是“They see doctors and pay the doctors”；who 引导的是一个定语从句，修饰前面的doctors；through 引导的是一个介词
13、结构，表示方式。翻译：他们看自己的专属医生，并通过医疗保险公司进行支付。三、重点语法词的转化- 名词用作动词 含义：词的转化（conversion ）是英语构词法中的主要方法之一。它指的是一个词不改变词形，而由一种词类转化成另一种或几种词类。本模块学习名词转化为动词的用法。名词转化为动词是现代英语中很普遍的现象，同时也是转化构词中最活跃的一种。人们经常把名词不加任何改变就当作动词使用。用法：很多表示物件（如下 1）、身体部位（如下 2）、某类人（如下 3）的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词（如下 4）也可作动词。例如：1. Did you book a seat on the plan
14、e?你订好飞机座位了吗?2. We set sail at dawn and headed for New York.我们在黎明起程，直驶纽约。3. She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。4. We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。体会更多名词用作动词的例子，看你能准确地理解名词动词化后的词意吗？1. Hes always bossing his wife about.2. The escaped prisoner was cornered at last.3. Stop mothering her, sh
15、es 30 years old and can take care of herself perfectly well.4. People were streaming out of the station.5. I did not like the way he eyed me.6. Mr. Smith noons for half an hour every day.7. He doesnt have all ideas of his own. He just parrots what other people say.答案揭晓：1. boss around 颐指气使；把呼来唤去2. co
16、rner 将逼入困境3. mother 像母亲一般地照料4. stream 涌出；川流不息；蜂拥5. eye 看；定睛地看6. noon 午休7. parrot 学舌；盲目重复或模仿除了名词转化为动词外，还有副词，连词等转化为动词，动词转化为名词，形容词副词等转化为名词。如：We downed our coffee and left.我们喝完咖啡就离开了。（down 常为副词，意为“向下”，这里作动词，意为“ 喝下”）The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。（old 常作形容词，这里作名词，the old 意为
17、“老人” ）Lets go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。（walk 常作动词，这里用作名词，意为“散步” ）We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。（better 常作形容词，这里作动词，意为“ 改善”）will 与 be going to 本单元学习 will 和 be going to 表示 “将要”。will be going to表将要 临时决定 提前计划，安排，打算表示推测，揣想依据直觉、经验或知识等依据观察到的迹象、证据等表示“将要”1. -“Kate is in
18、 hospital.” -“Oh, really, I didnt know. I will go and see her at once.”（临时决定去看 Kate）。2. -“Kate is in hospital.”-“Yes, I know. I am going to see her this afternoon.”（提前已打算好 去看 Kate）拓展：1. 推测，揣想：I think it will be rainy tomorrow.我认为明天有雨。Look at the clouds; its going to rain.看看这些云，又要下雨了。2. 在“主将从现”中，一般用
19、will，而不用 be going to。例如：I wont go if he doesnt come.他不来，我就不去。高中英语必修 2（外研版）Unit 2 No drugs 知识点总结一、重点词汇词义辨析：likely/possible/probable 三者都可以表示“可能的”，possible 可能性最小，probable 可能性最大，但用法不同。主语 用法likely 人/物/it sb. be likely to do sth.It is likely + that 从句possible it It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.It is po
20、ssible +that 从句probable it It is probable +that 从句因此，“我们学英语时可能会犯错 ”可以表述为：We are likely to make mistakes when learning English.=It is likely/possible/probable that we make mistakes when learning English.=It is possible for us to make mistakes when learning English. 词义辨析：affect/effect/influence 这些动词均含
21、“影响”之意，但在词性和意义上有差别。词性 意义affect vt. 主要指一时的影响。effect n.（可数或不可数） affect 的名词形式， have an effect on 意为：对有影响。influence vt.& n.（通常不可数，但有时可连用不定冠词）主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响，have an influence on 意为：对有影响。Both diet and exercise affect blood pressure. 饮食和运动都对血压有影响。What you read has an influence on your thinking.
22、你读的东西对你的思想有影响。词义辨析： in order to/so as to/in order that/so that 都有“为了” 的意思，但其用法和位置有不同。用法 位置in order that 引导目的状语从句 句首/句中so that 引导目的状语从句/结果状语从句 句中so as to 句中in order to与词/短语一起做目的状语句首/句中因此，“为了实现梦想，他努力学习 ”可以表述为：In order to realize his dream, he works very hard. =He works very hard in order to/so as to r
23、ealize his dream. =He works hard in order that he can realize his dream.=He worked hard so that he got a good grade. reduce v. 缩小，减少 1. reduce to ：减少到2. reduce by ：减少了（减少的幅度）The new bridge should reduce travelling time from 50 minutes to 15 minutes.这座新桥应该能将形成从五十分钟减少到十五分钟。The workforce has been reduc
24、ed by half. 职工人数已减少一半。拓展：1. decrease to/decrease by ：减少到/减少了2. increase to/increase by： 增加到 /增加了be addicted to sth./doing sth. ：对.上瘾 We think he will not be addicted to computer games any longer. 我们认为他不在会沉溺于电脑游戏。break into：破门而入 What will you do if you find your house broken into?如果发现有人闯入你的房子，你会怎么办?t
25、ake ones advice：听从某人的建议 I decided to take your advice that I should spend more time staying with my parents.我听从了你的建议要多陪父母。ban sb. from doing sth. ：禁止某人做某事 Charlie has been banned from driving for half a year.查理被禁驾半年。阅读必备词汇 drug n.毒品，药品cancer n.癌症criminal n.罪犯illegal adj.违法的；不合法的treatment n.治疗；招待；对待h
26、orrible adj.令人不快的；及其讨厌的recognize/recognise vt. 认出；承认distraction n.分心；分散注意力二、重点句型Users who inject the drug are also in more danger if they share needles with other users. 解析：本句的主干是“Users are also in more danger”；who 引导的是一个定语从句，修饰前面的users；if 引导的是一个条件状语从句。翻译：如果吸毒的人和其他人共用针头的话，他们将会陷入更大的危险。Participants le
27、arn to recognize smoking triggers (things that start them smoking) and they try to set a date in the future when they will stop smoking. 解析：本句的主干是“Participants learn to recognize smoking triggers and they try to set a date in the future”，主干是由 and 连接的并列句；括号部分是对前面的 triggers 的解释，其中 that 引导的是一个定语从句，修饰 t
28、hings；when引导的是一个定语从句，修饰前面的 date。翻译：参与者学着识别吸烟触发因子(诱使人们开始吸烟的东西) ，而且他们尽力设定一个在未来戒烟的日期。Make a list of friends who smoke and places where you smoke. 解析：本句的主干是“Make a list of friends and places”，是一个祈使句； who 和 where 引导的都是定语从句，分别修饰 friends 和 places。翻译：将你吸烟的朋友以及你吸烟的地方列成一个清单。Choose a time when you will be rela
29、xed but also too busy to think about smoking. 解析：本句的主干是“Choose a time”，是一个祈使句；“when you will be relaxed but also too busy to think about smoking”是由 when 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的 time；该从句中“relaxed” 和“too busy to think aboutsmoking”是并列的，由 but also 连接，其中包含常见句型“tooto”。翻译：选择一个你感觉很放松但又非常忙以至于不会想着吸烟的时间。三、重点语法非谓语动词：不定式
30、作目的状语 看下面两题，了解相关考点：1. Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep2. We got up early this time be late for the train again.A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as to D. so as not to解析：1. D. 考查非谓语动词。句意为“Simon 做了一个大竹箱，目的是为了放那只生病的小鸟”，所以选 D。2. D. 考查不定式短语 in order to 和 so as to，以及 not 的位置。根据句意应该是否定形式， not 要放在to 的前面，所以 B 不正确。
