1、第二章 烷烃作业参考答案1、共有九种:CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3CH2CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3CH3 CH3-CH-CH-CH2-CH3CH3CH3CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3CH3 CH3 CH3-C-H2-CH2-CH3CH3CH3CH3-CH2-C-H2-CH3CH3CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2CH2-CH3CH3-CCH3CH3CH-CH3CH32、 (1)3-甲基戊烷 (2)2 ,5- 二甲基-3,4- 二乙基己烷 (3)2,2,3,4-四甲基戊烷 (4)2- 甲基-5-乙基庚
2、烷 (5)2-甲基-3- 环丁基丁烷(6)顺-1-甲基-3- 乙基环戊烷(7)反-1- 甲基-4-乙基环己烷 (8)1-甲基-4- 乙基-3-叔丁基环己烷3、 (1) (2)CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3CH3 CH3-C-H2CH3CH3CH3(3) (4)CH3-CH-CH-CH-CH-CH3CH3 CH3CH2CH3CH2CH3 CH3H HC(H3)34、 (1) (2)CH3CH2-CH3C-CH3H3 CH3-C-H-CH-CH3CH3CH3CH3 CH3-CH-C-H2-CH3CH3 33 CH3-C-H2-CH-CH3CH3CH3CH35、 (1)错。改为:2,2-二甲基
3、丁烷 (2)错。改为:2,2,5-三甲基 -4-乙基己烷 (3)正确(4)错。改为:2,2-二甲基丁烷6、 (1)改为: HH3CC2H5CH3HH CH3CH2CHCH2CH3CH33-甲基戊烷 (2)CH(CH3)2H3C ClCH3HH CH3-CH2-C-H(CH)2CH3Cl2,3-二甲基 2-氯丁烷7、C 1-C2 旋转: OHH HC25H HOHH HH C2H5OHH HC2H5HHOHH HHHC2H5优势构象C2-C3 旋转:H HH H H HH CH3CH2OHH HCH3HHCH2OHH HHHCH3CH2OHH3C CH2OHH优势构象8、 (1) (2) (3)
4、CH2CH2CH3 CH2CH3CH3 CH(CH3)2OHCH2CH3H3C9、 (1)(2) (3)(4)10、A: B:CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 C:CH3-CH-CH2-CH3CH3CH3-C-H3CH3CH311、 (4) (3) (1) (2)12、CH3CH2CH3CH3 Br2 CH3CH3CH2CH314(1) HI CH3-CH-CH2CH3ICH3(2) C2H5CH3H2SO4 CH3-CH2-CCH2CH2CH3CH3OSO3H CH3-CH2-CCH2CH2CH3CH3OHH2O第三章 烯烃 炔烃 二烯烃习题参考答案1、 (1)2-甲基-4- 乙基-3
5、-己烯 (2) (Z)-3- 甲基-2-戊烯 (3)4- 甲基-2-丙基-1-戊烯 (4) (Z)-4-甲基-3- 庚烯 (5)2,2- 二甲基-5-乙基-3-庚炔 (6) (E)-3-甲基-2- 溴-2-戊烯(7) (2Z,4Z)-3 ,5-二甲基 -2,4-庚二烯 (8)3E-2,4- 二甲基-1,3-己二烯2、 (1) (2) (3) (4)(CH3)2C=CCH2CH3CH3 C=CCl CH3HH3C CH2=C-H=CH2CH3 CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2(5) (6)C=CH3 H3H H2CH2CH3 C=CH3 =CHHH H3H3、(1)CH3C=CCH3 Br2
6、CH3C-CHCH3BrCl4CH3 CH3Br(2)CH3-C=CH-CH3CH3 Br2 / H2OCH3-CCH3CH-CH3OH +Br CH3-CCH3CH-CH3BrBr(3)CH3-C=CH-CH3CH3 ICl CH3-C CH-CH3CH3Cl I(4)CH3-C=CH-CH3CH3 HBr / CH3-C CH-CH3CH3HBr(5)CH3-C=CH-CH3CH3 H2SO4 CH3-C CH2-CH3CH3OSO3H H2OCH3-C CH2-CH3CH3OH(6)CH3-C=CH-CH3CH3 KMnO4H+ CH3-C=OCH3+CH3COH(7)CH3-C=CH-
7、CH3CH3 O3 CH3CH3 OOOCHCH3H2O / ZnCH3-C=OCH3+CH3CHO4、 (1)CH3CH2C=CHHBr(2mol) CH3CH2CCH3BrBrH2O/Hg2+H+CH3CH2COCH3KMnO4/H+ CH3CH2COH+CO2+H2OCH3CH2C=CH2Ag(NH3)2+ CN(2)H3C+HBr H3CBr(3)CH3-C=H-CH3CH3 NaCl / H2O+HBr CH3-C CH2-CH3CH3Br CH3-C CH-CH3CH3Cl+ +CH3-C CH2-CH3CH3OH(4)CH3-CH=CH2Cl2CH2-CH=CH2Cl CH2=C
8、H-CH=CH2 CH2Cl(5)CH2=CH-CH=CH2HCl(1mol)CH3-CH=CH-CH2ClKMnO4/H+(1)O3(2)H2O/ZnCO2+H2OC=OHH +O=C-=OHCH2=CHCHOCHO5(1)CH3-CH2-CH3 CH2=CH-CH3 CH=C-H3a b cKMnO4/H+ b, c aAg(NH3)2+cb(2)CH3-CH2- a CH2=CH-CH2-CH2CH3bC=C-H2-CH2CH3c CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH3da b,c,dKMnO4/HAg(NH3)2c b,dS d bCHHCCHHCCHCH CCOOOCH36、 (1)CH3
9、CCH3CH3+CH3-CH-CH2-CH3+ CH3-CH-CH2CH3+(2) CH2=CHCH2+CH3CHCH3+ CH3CH2CH2+CH3+(3)CH2+H3C CH2+ CH2+O2N 7、用浓 H2SO48、(1) (2 ) (3 )C=CH-CH3H3CH3C CH3CHCH2CH=CH2CH2CH3 CH39、(3) 、 (4)具有共轭体系;(2)具有缺电子的 p共轭体系;(3)具有多电子的 p共轭体系;(1) 、 (4)具有共轭体系;10、(A) CH3 (B)CH3-CH2-CH-CH3CH3 (C)CH3CH2CH=CH2(C)CH3CH2CH=CH2(A) CH3H
10、Br (B)CH3-CH2-CH-CH3Br HBr11、(A)CH3CH=CHCH(CH3)2 (B)CH3CH2CH=C(H3)2(C)CH3CH2CH2CH(CH3)212、 CH3CH-CH2C=CHA: B:CH3-C=CH2-CH=CH2CH3 CH313、 Cl2 Cl Br2CH2CHCH2Br BrCl(1)CH2=CHCH3 CH2=CHCH2Cl2 Cl HBrH2O2CH2CH2CH2Br Cl(2)CH2=CHCH3 CH2=CHCH2(3)CH3C=CH+H2OH2SO4, HgSO4CH3-C-H3O14、O1 2H2C3COH4 OOO15、CH3C=CHH3C
11、 CH2CH2C=CHCH3CH3第四章 芳香烃作业参考答案1、(1)邻硝基甲苯 (2)3-羟基苯磺酸 (3)3- 甲基-4-氯苯甲酸 (4)1,4-二甲基萘(5)4-甲基-3- 苯基-1-戊烯 (6)6-氯-2- 萘酚2、(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)COHNO2CH=CH2Cl SO3HCH3Cl NO2CH3CH(CH3)2CH2CH3(6)H3COCl COH3、 (1)COHCl2Fe COHCl(2) CH3Cl HNO3H2SO4CH3Cl CH3ClO2NNO2 +(3) CH(CH3)2Cl2 C(H3)2Cl(4) OCH3+(CH3CO)2OAlCl3OCH3C-
12、H3O OCH3+C-H3O(5) C(H3)3CH2CH2CH3KMNO4H+ C(H3)3COH(6) CH2CH=CH2CH2CH3KMNO4H+ COHCOH(7)CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl+ AlCl3 CH-CH2CH3CH3(8)CH2CH3HNO3H2SO4CH2CH3NO2 KMNO4H+COHNO2Br2Fe COHNO2Br4、(1) OHCH3 Cl NO2(2) CH3CH3CH3COHCH3COHCOHCOH5、(1)KMnO4H Br2(H2O)abc + :ba,cCH3 CH3a b c:ca(2)Br2 Ag(NH3)2abc :b,ca +CH2CH3 CH=CH2 C=CHa b cCl4Cb6、(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)