1、高考英语复习名 词(一)考纲要求名词应掌握以下内容:分清名词的可数性与不可数性;可数名词有单复数,有些名词只有复数;物质名词、抽象名词不可数但可以具体量化使用;名词所有格和 of 格的语言现象;名词直接作定语;国家名词的正确使用;名词词义的区分和搭配;单位名词的搭配;名词前的修饰语 so, as, quite 等;time 及常考点。(二)命题导向名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用,之后不能加-s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式,但意义与原来词不同。有些可数名词复数有两个意思,一个与单数意义相同,另一个和单数含义不同,高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容。词
2、语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。(三)知识概要英语的名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词是指个人、团体、地方、机构或事物等所专有的名称,它的第一个字母必须大写。如:Einstain, Beijing, Asia 等。普通名词是指一类人、一类事物、某种物质抽象概念的名称,可分为:个体名词(可数,如:worker, father, book, tree, school 等) ;集体名词(可数,如:people, family, class, team 等) ;物质名词(不可数,如:iron, paper, snow, water, chalk, gold 等) ;抽象名词(不可
3、数,如:life, thought, idea, strength等) 。注意 :可数、不可数是英文名词和中文名词的一个重要差异即学习的重点。而很多英语名词具有双重性。即,名词的类别不是固定不变的,它们会根据词义的变化和场合的不同而相互转换,其名词类别的转换可归纳如下:1、个体名词转抽象名词或抽象名词转个体名词e.g. Our school is not far from my home.(个体)我们学校离我家不远。School is over at six.(抽象)六点钟放学。2、物质名词转个体名词或个体名词转物质名词e.g. He broke a piece of glass.(物质)他打
4、破了一块玻璃。He broke a glass.(个体)他打破了一个杯子。3、个体名词转专有名词 e.g. His father is a teacher.(个体)他父亲是个教师。“What are you doing there?” Father asked.(专有) “你在那儿干什么?”父亲问道。(四)名词的数名词分为可数(有单、复数形式)和不可数名词(只有单数形式) 。1、可数名词单数变复数: 一般加 s :lesson lessons, pen pens 以 s, x, ss, ch, sh, o 结尾的加 es :buses, boxes, classes, watches, bru
5、shes, hero heroes但有些以 o 结尾的名词,是加 s 构成复数:kilo kilos, piano pianos, radio radios, photo photos, zoo zoos 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的改 y 为 i,再加 es :city cities, story stories 以 f 或 fe 结尾的,一般将 f 或 fe 改为 v,再加 es :knife knives, leaf leaves但有些以 f 结尾的名词,是在 f 后加 s,构成复数形式:belief beliefs, roof roofs, safe(保险箱) safes, proof(
6、证据) proofs, chief chiefs, handkerchief handkerchiefs2、有些名词,不按上述规则构成其复数形式,有以下几种情况: 单复数形式相同:Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep 不规则变化:man men, woman women, goose geese, foot feet, tooth teeth, child children, mouse mice, ox oxen 。但是,German Germans 复合名词的复数形式:editor-in-chief editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law
7、 daughters-in-law, grown-up grown-ups, woman teacher women teachers, man driver men drivers3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题 物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如:fishes各种鱼,fruits 各种水果,steels 各种钢材。 物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。如:a cup of tea, three bags of apples, four pieces of bread。 有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义。如:work(工作) works(著
8、作) ,arm(手臂) arms(军火) ,glass(玻璃) glasses (眼镜) ,cloth (布) clothes(衣服) 。 定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式,表示全家人或夫妇二人;姓氏的复数形式前不加冠词,则表示若干个姓的人。如:the Wangs 王家,three Wangs 三个姓王的。 只用作单数的复数形式的名词。如:physics, mathematics, news, the United States 有些名词形似单数,但实为复数。如:police, people, cattle 有些名词如被看作整体时就作单数用,如被看作组成该集体的各个成员时就作复数用。如:class,
9、family, couple, audience, government, public 有些抽象名词在具体化时,可以复数形式出现。表示特指时,可和定冠词连用;表示“某种”或“一次”意义时,可和不定冠词连用。如:How did you smooth away the difficulties?(指各种具体困难) ;It is a great pleasure to talk with you.;What a surprise!(五)名词的所有格名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系,作定语用。1、有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“”或“s ”。如: Toms bike, Engless (Engles
10、) works, a works school, Womens Day, the editor-in-chiefs office2、如果一个事物为两个人所有,只在后一个名词的词尾加“s” ,如果不是共有,就要在两个名词的词尾都加上“s” 。如:Tom and Mikes room.(共有) ,Toms and Mikes books.(不共有) 。3、表示时间、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词,可以在词尾加“s”或“ ”表示所有格,如:todays papers, ten minutes walk4、表示店铺或某人的家时,常在名词所有格之后省去 shop, house, home。如:the ta
11、ilors5、无生命名词的所在格通常用 of 短语来表示。如:the window of the room6、表示有生命的名词有时也可用 of 短语来表示所有关系,而且当该名词带有较长的定语时。如:the teachers of the No. 1 Middle School.7、双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的部分或一个,双重所有格只能用于有生命的名词,这个名词是确定的。被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时,一般只能用双重所有格。如:an old friend of my uncles, a daughter of Mrs Greens, the h
12、ouse of one of my friends(六)名词的普通格作定语表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语,一般用单数形式。e.g. stone figures(石像) ;paper money(纸币) ;country music(乡村音乐) ;table cloth(桌布) ;river bank(河岸) ;school gate(校门口) ;book stores(书店) ;traffic lights(交通灯) ;summer holidays(暑假) ;evening dress(晚礼服) 。但在个别情况下,也有需用复数的。e.g. sports meet
13、(运动会) ;the United States government(美国政府) ;students reading-room(学生阅览室) ;goods train(货车) ;two men doctors(两个男医生) 。练习、名词1. The _ of the room were covered with _.A. roofs, leafs B. roofs, leaves C. rooves, leafs D. rooves, leaves2. There are three _ in our factory.A. woman doctors B. women doctors C.
14、woman doctor D. women doctor3. Which do you prefer _ or _?A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoes C. potatoes, tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoes4. They are _ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ office.A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs B. editors-in-chief, edito
15、r-in-chiefsC. editors-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chiefs5. The ant has two _. A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs6. He doesnt like _ for supper. A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks7. It was _ hot weather that many of us went swimming.A. so B. such C
16、. so as D. such a8. _ wonderful space they saw on the room!A. How B. How a C. What D. What a9. We know _ travels not so fast as light.A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D. a sound10. My family raise a lot of _, including two _.A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cows D. cow, cattles11. A numbe
17、r of soldiers _ at he camp gate(军营门口) .A. have gathered B. has gathered C. is D. was12. The Browns have spent a large _ of money on their new car.A. deal B. amount C. number D. size13. _ work has been done to improve the peoples living standard.A. Many B. A great many C. A great deal of D. A number
18、of14. Mr Li shook _ warmly with a friend.A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands15. Two _, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee16. I cant pay as _ as he asked for.A. high price a B. high price C. a high price D. high a price17. _ knowledge of space develops rapidly. A. Mans B
19、. Mens C. Mens D. Persons18.I stayed at _. A. Xiao Wangs B. Wangs home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang19. Sister Carrie works in a _ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoes20. Have you ever read _?A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. todays newspaper21. Two _ walk didnt m
20、ade me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hours D. hours22. The mother over there is _ mother.A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Marys C. Julias and Marys D. Julias and Mary23. Li Mings handwriting is better than _ in the class.A. anyones B. anyone else C. anyones elses D. anyone elses24. The children are playi
21、ng _ on the _.A. sand, sand B. sands, sands C. sand, sands D. sands, sand25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller _. A. set B. one C. copy D. pair26. Tom usually takes a _ in bus on rainy days. A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel27. We have no _ about where she has gone.A. information B. news
22、C. message D. flash28. Food and _ are daily necessities(需要)for the people.A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing29. My _ of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill30. The _ caused by carelessness _ yesterday. Many workers were killed.A. incident, was happen
23、ed B. matter, happenedC. event, was taken place D. accident, took place31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the _ of her heart.A. beating B. ways C. knocking D. striking32. _ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere.A. The public B. People C. Women D. Man33. He was an _ in the gover
24、nment _.A. office, official B. official, office C. officer, office D. official, officer34. There are several _ in this novel who are different in _.A. character, character B. characters, characters C. character, characters D. characters, character35. We visited him _ when he was in hospital.A. every
25、 other days B. each other day C. every other day D. every two day36. My friend will return in _.A. one day or two B. a day or two C. one day or two D. a or two days37. _ is always difficult for me.A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation38. _ of this novel is excellent, quite
26、to my surprise.A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation39. The police _ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. are D. are going to40. The Chinese are _ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. one41. No news _ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has42. Maths stil
27、l _ very difficult for me, though I have done my best.A. looks B. seems C. is D. are43. “Where _ my trousers?” the boy asked. A. is B. was C. were D. are44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are _.A. in nice spirits B. in nice spirit C. in high spirits D. in high spirit45. I saw many _ seated in t
28、he corner reading something.A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of Japaneses46. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble.A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices47. We are _ and they are _. A. Englishmen, GermansB. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Englishme
29、n, Germen48. _ are made of _.A. A glass, a glass B. Glasses, glass C. The glass, the glass D. Glasses, glasses49. Ill have to buy _ trousers. A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of50. There are two _ in our class. A. Liu B. Lius C. Lius D. Lius51. _ is needed in cold countries.A. A lot of clothes B
30、. Much clothing C. Many a cloth D. Lots of clothes52. They are _. A. mathematics student B. mathematic studentsC. students in mathematics D. mathematics students53. The laboratory assistant recorded the _ reactions(反应).A. mouses B. mice C. mices D. mices54. This letter was sent by _.A. my father fri
31、end B. my father friends C. a friend of my fathers D. a friend of my father55. Ten years had passed. I found she had _.A. a little white hair B. some white hair C. a few white hair D. a few white hairs56. I have made _ with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend57. The population of B
32、eijing is _ than that of Xian. A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small58. There are thirty-two _ in our school.A. woman teacher B. women teacher C. women teachers D. woman teachers59. He had tried everything but it made little_ .A. use B. good C. difference D. result60. You must get there within half an
33、 hour. There should be no_ in sending the blood to the dying man.A. wait B. delay C. time D. hurry61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any_ .A. excuse B. sense C. use D. value62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my _of spare time.A. idea B.
34、thought C. mind D. intention63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the_ .A. travel B. tourism C. journey D. course64. One splendid mountain_ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.A. view B. glance C. screen D.
35、scene65.The new law will come into _on the day it is passed. (1999 上海)A. effect B. use C. service D. existence66. When you play football, what _do you play?A. situation B. place C. part D. position67. Its important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the_in language studies.A. situation
36、 B. expression C. condition D. translation68. I wrote him a letter to show my _of his thoughtfulness.A. achievement B. agreement C. view D. appreciation69. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good_ .A. sight B. scene C. view D. look70. Nowadays natur
37、al gas, wind and other forms of _are widely used in the country.A. energy B. force C. power D. materials71. _with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world.A. Contrast B. Competition C. Contact D. Combination72. We all know that_speak louder than words.A. movements B. performan
38、ces C. operations D. actions73.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.(NMET1997 38)A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed 74.Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no _but to take a taxi.(Met 1993 ,33)A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection75.He dropped the _and broke it
39、 . (Met 1993, 38)A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup76.Heres my card. Lets keep in _. (NMET1994 ,33)A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship77.He gained his _by printing _of famous writers.(NMET1995,40)A. wealth; work B. wealths ; works C. wealths; work D. wealth;
40、 works78.Ill look into the matter as soon as possible , just have a little _.(MET 1996 ,10)A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest79.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a _.(NMET1997,18)A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice80.These football players had no strict _until they
41、joined our club. (1997.上海 20)A. practice B. education C. exercise D. training81.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _.(1996.上海.15)A. energy B. source C. power D. material82.Youll find this map of great _in helping you to get round London.(NMET 1998 21)A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness83.We all know that _speak louder than words.(1999.上海 24)A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions84.My parents always let me have my own _of living. (1999.上海 25)A. way B. method C. manner D. fashion