1、必修五 unit5 知识点详解1 Aid (v)帮助; 援助=help sb帮助某人去做. aid sb to do在事帮助某人 aid sb in He aided me in business.I aided her to continue her study.At Christmas, many organizations aid the poor.n /U/帮助; 援助在某人的帮助下 with the aid of 为了帮助 in aid ofTeachers give their lessons with the aid of computers. He raised money i
2、n aid of the sick.知识拓展：give/offer aid 援助 come to sb.s aid 帮助某人cut off aid （突然）终止援助 a hearing aid 助听器teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护2. temporary 暂时的，临时的temporary relief from pain 短暂的解痛temporary work/ solution 临时工作/ 解决办法 3. fall illfall+ adj.illasleepawakesicksilent4 get+过去分词 表被动或状态The computer got
3、damaged when we were moving.My bike is getting repaired now.My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball.Peter and Mary got married last year.get doneget injured 受伤get dressed 穿衣服get damaged 遭到破坏get changed 改变get married 结婚get infected 被感染get broken 被弄破get lost 迷失，走失5 injure v. injury to sth
4、. （部位）的伤injuries to the legsgot injuredinjuryinjuredhurt 肉体，精神上的伤害（一般用语） ，疼痛injure 意外或事故而受伤wound 指外伤（刀、枪、剑伤）6. bleed-blood-bloody(v.) (n.) (adj.)His nose was bleeding. = He was bleeding at the nose .= He has a bloodynose. 他在流鼻血。bleed for 为而流血, 悲痛bleed to death 出血过多而死lose blood 流血、失血flesh and blood 血
5、肉之躯7. choke vi. 阻塞She choked with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来。The smoke almost choked me. 烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来。At the bad news, he couldnt choke back his tear 听到这则噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼泪。The man gave a few chokes and then got his breath.那个男人噎了几下才喘过气来。8.essential adj. 最重要的，不可缺少的，本质的1)Sun and water are essential to the growth of
6、 crops.阳光和水是农作物生长不可缺的。2)It is essential for us to set our study goal.我们有必要来设定我们的学习目标。3)It is essential that you (should) win the voters hearts.赢得选民的信任是至关重要的。-当用 it 充当主语而用它充当表语时，that 从句的谓语动词用 should +动词原形 。9. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease,act as 作为.barrier 屏障,障碍
7、物,隔阂You should show the ticket at the barrier.The language barrier10 poison n./vt. 毒药，毒害；毒害，使中毒eg:1)Poisons must be put out of childrens reach.毒药一定要放在孩子们够不到的地方。2)This matter will make some poison to the crops.这种物质会对庄稼造成毒害。3)Books of this kind can make poison to children.这类书会对儿童造成毒害。4)Heroin has pois
8、oned a lot of people.海洛因毒害了很多人。5)The polluted water in the river poisoned people here.污染了的河水使这儿的人中毒。-poisonous adj. 有毒(害) 的 eg: This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities.11.protectagainst/ from 保护不受的损害preventfrom doing 阻止 protect your eyes from strong lightto protect you against cold p
9、revent them from getting marriedprevent sb. (from) doingstop sb. (from) doingkeep sb. from doing12. sense (n. (from sth to sth)change , esp according to some factor 改变, 变动, 变化（尤指伴随某种因素而产生）Prices vary with seasons. 物价随季节而变动Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression. 她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉variety n.
10、 变化，多样性，种类We all need variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化The shopping center sells a variety of goodsa variety of+名词 ,谓语动词的数和后面的名词保持一致16.depend on 取决于,依赖,依靠,信赖,信任His whole family depends on him 他全家都靠他养活. He is a man to be depended on 他是个可以信赖的人dependent ( adj. ) dependence ( n. )independent ( adj. )indep
11、endence (n.)17. mild-milder-mildest-mildly Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.mild 在这个句子中的意思是“轻微的、不严重的”。如：Edward suffered from a mild heart attack.爱德华犯了轻微的心脏病。mild 还可以表示“温和的、暖和的；味淡的” 如：Shes the mildest person I have ever met in my life. 她
12、是我平生见到过的最温柔的人了a mild climate 温暖的天气mild cheese 淡味奶酪18. 词语辨析:electric 电的,发电的 ,由电产生的,用于导电的.electrical 有关电的,与电有关的.electricity 电,电力. 电力学electric generator 发电机, electric cooker 电炉,electric iron 电熨斗, electric engineer 电机工程师19.swell vt./vi. Swell swelled/ swelled swollen 使膨胀，使(力量，数目等) 增长，使壮大，The wind swelle
13、d the sails. 风使船帆鼓起。His injured wrist began to swell (up).他那受伤的手腕开始肿起。Her face swelled up with toothche.The wind swelled into a storm. 风力渐增，终于形成一场暴风雨。a small business swelled into a big company.壮大4)Never swell with pride when you make some contributions. 有了贡献不要沾沾自喜。swell with pride/anger 得意洋洋、怒气冲冲Th
14、e doctor examined the swelling on my back.swollen adj. 肿胀的 His eyelid is swollen. 他眼皮肿了。20.stickstick sth. to sth. 粘住Stick the glue to my fingers.stick to doing sthstick to 坚持stick to ones view 坚持自己的观点21. jewellery=jewelry 珠宝(总称) 不可数jewel 可数，珠宝，珍视的人、物jeweljewelleryjewelsShe appeared at the reception
15、 wearing her finest jewels.She locked her jewels in the jewellery box.22.Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.立即用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不要用冰水-y 是个形容词后缀。如：windy 有风 hilly 多小山的 sleepy 困倦的 greeny 略呈绿色的 spicy 辛辣的 woody 树木茂密的23. unbearable 不能忍受的 un不能.,无法. unforgettable unwilling unusual uncertain unfairun
16、fitunbelievable unfortunate unlike uncomfortable24. squeeze 挤；压；塞squeeze sth. into sth. 把塞进 squeeze sth. from/ out of sth. 挤出squeeze through 挤过squeeze sth. out of sb. 敲诈逼某人说出I squeezed myself onto the crowded train.He squeezed everything into a suitcase.She watched her grandma squeeze the juice out
17、of a lemon attentivelyAlthough I am busy, I still can squeeze you in at 10 oclockThose blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him.那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多钱。Ill never give in to you, and you can squeeze nothing out of meThe little boy is squeezing the toothpaste from the tube onto the toothbrush25.
18、over and over againList some phrases or words that have similar meaning over and overagain and againover and again many timesrepeatedlyfrom time to timenow and thennow and againSometimesAt times26. Hold the bandage in place with tape.用胶布把绷带固定。in place 在适当的地方。如：The librarian put the returned books in
19、 place. 图书馆员把还回的图书放到原处。Youd better put things back in place.你最好把你的东西放回原位。Her dress was out of place at the ceremony.（不得体,不适当）in place 还有“准备就绪” 的意思。如：The arrangements for the concert next Saturday are all in place.周六的音乐会已经准备就绪。With everything in place, she started the slide show.27.Pour1. 倒,灌,注She po
20、ured herself another cup of tea. 她为自己又倒了一杯茶。 2. 倾注;大量投入;大量生产They have poured money into the tourist industry. 他们已经把大笔钱投入了旅游业。3 倾吐,诉说She often pours her troubles to friends. 她经常向朋友们倾诉自己的苦恼。不及物动词 vi. 1. 倾泻,涌流The crowd poured out of the concert hall. 人群从音乐厅涌出来。 Sweat poured from Martins face. 马丁脸上汗如雨下。
21、 2. 斟茶Shall I pour? 我来斟茶好吗?3 (雨)倾盆而降(+down)The rain poured steadily down. 大雨不停地倾盆而下。 Pour cold water on/over 对泼冷水Pour oil on the flames 火上浇油Pour oil on troubled waters 平息风波Reading2 1 award, reward, prizeaward 指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。如：The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best s
22、tudent.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。reward“报答，报偿，奖赏” ，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。如：The fireman received a reward for saving the childs life.因救了小孩的命，消防员提到一笔奖金。prize “奖赏，奖金，奖品 ”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。如：Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition.参加我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。2.Honor n. (U) 荣誉，尊敬 ;名誉Its a point of honor with me
23、 to reply all my debts promptly.(C) 引以为荣的人/事，只用单数。(D) The successful launch of the “Shenzhou VI” is an honor to our country.do sb an honor /the honor （of doing sth）使某人有特殊的荣幸 ,赏光Will you do me the honor of dining with me? 可否赏光和我一起吃饭？in sbs /sths honor 出于对的敬意We are planning a big Christmas party in yo
24、ur honor.我们正筹备为你举行一次盛大的圣诞晚会。in honor of ，为纪念 ，为庆祝 A monument was built in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war.为了纪念在战争中献身的英雄们，建立了一座纪念碑。v.给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）1 honor sb/sth （ with sth）The President honored us with a personal visit.2 be honored for 因而受到尊敬 Dr Bethune was honored for hi
25、s selfless work.白求恩大夫由于他无私的工作而受到赞誉。3 be/feel honored that很荣幸能做 I am honored that you should notice me.我很荣幸您能注意到我。4 be/feel honored to do 很荣幸能做。I am honored to be here with you.能和你在这里我感到很荣幸。an honored guest 贵宾3 present v.Joan was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of
26、the life of another.1. 赠送present + sth. +to +sb. 把某物送给某人present + sb. +with sth. 赠送某人某物2.introduce (sb) formally 正式介绍She presented her boyfriend to us. 她把男朋友介绍给我们。3.show 显示,呈现a smiling face 显出一张笑脸4. 描述The characters in the novel are vividly ed. 小说中人物被描写得很生动adj. 作前置定语,“目前的,现在的”作后置定语,“出席的,在场的the prese
27、nt membersthe members presentn.gift 礼物相关短语：the present day 今天(=today) at presentat the present timenow 现在for the present 暂时 the present 现在(相当于名词)be present at 出席;到场4).ceremonyn. (C)典礼；仪式(U)礼节；礼仪；客套The wedding ceremony was beautiful.There is no need for ceremony between us.Expressions:stand on ceremo
28、ny 拘泥礼节；讲究客套with ceremony 正式；隆重without ceremony 不拘礼节地；随便地The head of state was welcomed with full ceremony.人们以最高规格的仪式欢迎国家首脑。 5). John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.此句型中 when 作并列连词相当于 and then 意为”正当时突然”,常用于以下句型：be doing when 正在做突然be about to do when 即将做突然be on the point to dowhen正要
29、去做.突然has/have/had donewhen 刚刚这时 (突然)6 cut ones finger 割破手指have ones hair cut 理发cut expenses 减少费用cut a class 逃学Was your salary cut? 你的薪水减少了吗?习惯用语：be cut out for 有做某事的天赋; 适合于; 与.相配合short cut 捷径, 近路( 一般和 make, take 连用; 有时用作定语 )draw cuts 抽签cut about 乱切, 乱砍 乱跑cut at 向.砍去 猛打 毁掉cut away 切除, 剪掉 匆匆跑掉cut back
30、(on) 减少; 剪短; 倒叙; 缩减; 中断; cut down 削减 , 压缩 砍倒 使丧命 比.强; 使.逊色cut in 插进来说, 插嘴 夹进来, 夹塞 干预 超车 cut into 插进来, 参加( 谈话), 打断(别人的话); 减少, 缩减 ; 切开; 侵犯(利益)cut off 切断, 停掉 隔绝, 挡住 死掉 使电话中断 切剪 下来 剥夺(继承权)cut out 删掉 停止 (机器)失灵7.a number of+可数名词，谓语用复数，意为“许多，大量的. .”，the number of +可数名词，谓语用单数，意为“. . 的数量”eg:1)A number of pro
31、blems have arisen.已经出现了很多问题。2)The number of colleges has increased in the past 10 years.在过去的十年里，大学的数量有所增加。 -其他表示“ 许多，大量” 的短语：a great /good many a large /great /good/small number of +可数名词a good few / quite a fewmany a mucha great / good deal of a great / large amount of +不可数名词quite a littlea lot of /
32、 lots of a great / large quanitity of +可数或不可数名词large quanitities ofplenty of8.put ones hands on 找到eg: Few of the students have put their hands on the materials for their compositions.没有几个学生找到适合他们作文的素材。9.treat vt.1)对待；看待，把.看作：treat sb.badly 虐待某人treat sb.as distinguished guest 把某人待为上宾treat sb. with co
33、nsideration 对待某人很体贴 Do not treat this serious matter as a joke. 2)讨论；探讨；详述；（文学，艺术作品中）描绘，描述；表现：He treats this subject thoroughly in his book.他在书中详尽透彻地讨论了这个问题。3)医治，治疗：treat sb. for influenza 给某人医治流行感冒 treat sbs toothache 治疗某人的牙痛 4)款待，请客 (to):treat sb. to an ice-cream( a theatre)请某人吃冰激凌（看戏）I ll treat m
34、yself to a sunbath.我要好好地享受一次日光浴。 Lets go out for dinner-my treat this time.这次由我请客。 10 .applyVt. 涂,敷;应用;适用Applicationapplicant-applicance-applicable1)涂,敷她在脸上浓妆艳抹She applied heavy makeup to her face.2)我们应该把理论应用于实践。 We should apply theory to practice.This rule can not be applied to every case.vi. 申请 ap
35、ply to sb for sthapply for a job 申请就业Apply for a scholarship 申请奖学金apply to do sth 申请做某事They applied to return to China.3)适用School regulations apply to every student. 校规适用于每位学生。 This rule can not apply to every case. 这条规则并不是在每种情况下都能适用的。apply oneself/sth to sth 使致力(于), 使专心从事He applied himself to learn
36、ing French. 他致力于学习法语。专心于， 致力于:Bury oneself inAbsorb oneself inInvolve oneself inlose oneself in commit oneself todevote oneself to keep ones mind on11.There is no doubt that Johns quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slades life.毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，使得斯莱德女士的生命得救了
37、。【拓展】 1）Theres no doubt that.是固定句式，意为：“毫无疑问”。2）Theres no doubt 后接名词时，需用介词 about 或 of。如： Theres no doubt about/of his honesty. 毫无疑问他是诚实的。3）肯定句中可用 whether，if，that 引起宾语从句，否定句中只能用 that。如：He doubted whether they would be able to help. 他拿不准他们是否能帮上忙。There is some doubt whether John will come. 约翰是否会来很难说。The
38、re is no doubt that the plan will succeed. 毫无疑问，这计划一定会实现。There is no need是没必要的There is no point in 是没有意义的There is no denying that不可否认的There is no saying很难说， 没法知道12 make a difference 有关系,有影响,起(重要作用)make a( no, some, no, any, little, much) difference (to sb/sth)1.=have an (no, some)effect (on sb/sth)对
39、某人/某事物有、没有、有些 作用或影响1)The rain didnt make much difference (to the game). 这场雨对比赛没多大影响2)The sea air has made a difference to her health. 改善了她的健康状况2.=be important (unimportant) (to sb/sth)对某人(某事物)重要,不重要等; 要紧,不要紧等1)对我来说,你来不来都无所谓It makes no difference to me whether you come or not.2)你的选择事关重大。 Your choice
40、makes a difference.Useful expressions：1 在救生员颁奖大会 at the Lifesaver Awards2 在颁奖大会 at a ceremony3 对某人实施急救 give first aid on sb4 紧急抢救 lifesaving first aid5 骇人听闻的持刀杀人 a shocking knife attack6 找到 put ones hands on =find7 手上的伤口 the injury to the hand/ arm/ leg.8 按住伤口 apply pressure to the wound9 敏捷的思维 quick thinking
