1、Unit TwoTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Classification1. Skim the following passage for the answers to the questions below.1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the production of CO2 ( the increase ofpopulation, the
2、 demolition of trees, etc.)3) CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earths atmosphere.4) Classif ication helps us to determine and understand the relationship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition.5) In order to make a cl
3、ear and logic classification, one needs to follow a principle of classification and go on with a system consistently. For example, the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed.Reading 1 Causes for Global WarmingTask 2 Understanding Lectures through Clas
4、sificationListening 11. Listening to the lecture and write down whatever you believe is important, especially theclassifications of key terms.Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc.2. Use your notes. Decide if the statements below are true (T) or false (F).
5、Then justify your answers, in the space provided, by giving evidence from the talk.1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F3. Listen again, paying attention to the following classifications and then complete the tables below.Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivationIdea Two: The notion of
6、unconscious dynamics or conflict4. Listen again and piece your notes together into a short summary. Then retell the lecture to your partner.There are two interesting ideas in Freuds theory: first, the existence of unconscious motivation; second, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes th
7、at unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a persons name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions
8、on“the Pleasure Principle”, while ego works on “the Reality Principle”and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego.Task 3 Reading Classification ArticlesReading 2 Renewable Energy SourcesA Brief Summary1. Work with a partner or a group of 34 students. Study
9、the title and phrases in bold of Reading 2 and discuss the following questions.1) Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished).2) The purpose of using renewable energy sources. The
10、classification of renewable energy sources. The examples of different types of renewable energy sources. The advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources. The history of the use of different energy sources. How ener gy is obtained from various sources.3) I will write:(1)
11、 The definition of the renewable energy.(2) The classification of the renewable energy.(3) The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.2. Read the following questions and scan Reading 2 for their answers.1) The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.2) It converts the suns
12、 rays into energy.3) The main demerit is that it is limited.4) Sailors, farmers and architects.5) The main advantage is that this doesnt produce any by-products that can be harmful to the environment.6) Because the Earths crust continuously decays replenishing the heat.7) They use the force of the w
13、ater to push the turbine which in turn powers a generator thus generating electricity.8) It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam.9) They contain no petroleum, and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.10) The Environmental Protection Agency.3. Match the target words wit
14、h the definitions below. You may infer their meaning from context.1) j. evolution 2) s. solar 3) a. architect 4) l. geothermal 5) p. preserve) b. biodegradable 7) r. radioactive 8) f. crusade 9) h. distribute10) q. radiant11) i. domestic 12) t. validation 13) k. generator 14) d. capture 15) g. defin
15、itely16) n. install 17) e. consumption 18) m. harness 19) o. internal 20) c. blade4. For open discussionReading 3 Types of Pollution5. Read the definitions below and choose the words that fit these definitions.1) voluntary 2) construction 3) contamination 4) eruption 5) regulation6) deforestation 7)
16、 yield 8) irrigation 9) confine 10) sewage11) hazardous 12) residential 13) vapor 14) decay 15) erosion16) disrupt 17) particulate 18) underground 19) concentration 20) combat6. Match each paragraph with its main idea.Paragraphs Main ideas(_k_) Para. A a. Definition and sources of noise pollution.(_
17、s_) Para. B b. Characteristics of radioactive pollution.(_z_) Para. C c. Effects of water pollution.(_f_) Para.D d. Consequences of radiation pollution.(_o_) Para. E e. Causes of thermal pollution.(_x_) Para.F f. Effects of air pollution.(_c_) Para. G g. Problems caused by thermal pollution.(_y_) Pa
18、ra. H h. Undesirable results caused by light pollution.(_q_) Para. I i. Damages caused by noise pollution.(_v_) Para. J j. Causes and harms of visual pollution.(_a_) Para. K k. A general description of the 9 recognized sources of pollution.(_i_) Para. L l. Sources of radioactive pollution.(_b_) Para
19、. M m. Effects of visual pollution.(_l_) Para. N n. Sources of visual pollution.(_d_) Para. O o. What is water pollution.(_w_) Para. P p. Definition and sources of personal pollution.(_e_) Para. Q q. Soil pollution sources.Paragraphs Main ideas(_g_) Para. R r. The interrelations among all kinds of p
20、ollution.(_u_) Para.S s. The definition of air pollution.(_h_) Para. T t. How to eliminate personal pollution.(_j_) Para. U u. Definition and sources of light pollution(_n_) Para. V v. Problems caused by soil pollution.(_m_) Para. W w. Definition of thermal pollution.(_p_) Para. X x. Causes of water
21、 pollution.(_t_) Para.Y y. Definition of soil pollution.(_r_) Para. Z z. Sources of air pollution.7. Decide which of the statements can be inferred from Reading 3, and then write down the numberof the paragraph(s) from which your answer most probably comes, leaving the explicit or false statements u
22、nnumbered, but using E or F respectively to indicate that they are explicit or false. Discuss your answers with a partner.Paragraphs(Marked I, or E or F) StatementsPara. Z 1. A knowledge of different pollution types enables a person to change his lifestyle.E 2. Thermal pollution is caused by too muc
23、h heat which creates unfavorable effects over a long time.Para. D 3. If the air is f illed with a high concentration of pollutants, it would lead to obvious problems.Para. L 4. Noise pollution may lead to deafness or interrupt the normal life of wild animals.Para. E 5. Water pollution may result in
24、an insufficient supply of drinkable water.F 6. Since visual pollution causes few immediate health effects, it is not serious at all.Para. H 7. Soil pollution may be both intended and unintended.E 8. Over smoking and drinking belongs to personal pollution.Task 4 Writing an Essay of ClassificationRead
25、ing 4 Types of Sustainability1. Fill in the blanks to complete the main ideas and the supporting details.Parts Para. Main ideas Supporting detailsI A Classif ication of sustainability: human, economic, social, and environmental.It is vital to understand the differences of each in terms of its nature
26、 and requirements.BDef inition of human sustainability: good productive health and safe childbearing.Elements involved: For parents:caring for their children, giving them accessto proper education, and promoting their health and well-being.For children: having enough skills and knowledge.CDefinition
27、 of economic sustainability: havinga set amount of capital for a certain period.Explanation: (relation between preservation and consumption) We must preserve all our sources as we consume them.DWhy social capital is important: It is through communities and civil societies that humankind can easily a
28、nd inexpensively work together.Explanation (how to achieve it): Throughproper maintenance of and adherence to laws, rules, and values that societies have developed for the common good, socialsustainability can be achieved.IIEFWhy environmental sustainability is important: It involves natural resourc
29、es that human beings need for economic or manufactured capital.Elements involved:Natural resources: Materials taken from nature are used for solutions that address human needs.Waste emissions: They must be at volumes that nature can handle.5. Study the following models, and then paraphrase the sente
30、nces below by changing the orderof a structure. The new sentences should be as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences but as different as possible in structure and as formal as possible in style.1) Declarative sentences are mostly employed in academic writing, despite the occasiona
31、l utilizations of interrogative sentences.2) To support the truths, reliable evidence is quoted by scholars in all disciplines.3) Much importance should be attached to the comprehension of the difference between education and training.) A person who exposes himself to the sunlight for excessive time
32、 is susceptible to malignantmelanoma.5) Students doing temporary jobs display a better performance in their academic studies.6) American frontier is deeply rooted in many aspects of American character.7) The direct involvement of many a foreign country is evident in the process of US territorial exp
33、ansion.8) Parents need to equipped with much care and knowledge while raising a kid.9) Environment plays a vital role in the growth of plants.10) In the past, Beijing was ravaged by dust storms for 20 days annually.Integrated Exercises2. Match each word in the box with the group of words that regula
34、rly occur with it in all cases.1) motivation 2) demolish 3) symptom 4) combat 5) capture6) distribute 7) assert 8) yield 9) internal 10) emergence11) adherence 12) disrupt3. For each of the sentences below, write a new sentences as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence, but as diff
35、erent as possible in vocabulary and structure and as formal as possible in style. You are required to use the words given in capital letters. And then compare them with your partners.1) Internet access is available in students dormitory.2) If you can harness your energy, youll be rewarded with huge
36、accomplishments.3) It has been confirmed that foul weather is highly hazardous for sea navigation.4) The governmental nuclear waste disposal plan arouses fierce protests of the local residents.5) Extinction of this rare species of bird is foreseeable if effective measures are not taken.6) While deli
37、vering a public speech, a speaker must articulate his/her arguments.7) I highly esteem his current research on stem cells.8) A speaker cannot always secure the cooperation of the audience.9) The car industry of this country is sheltered by its government from foreign competition.10) Even a moderate
38、elevation of blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancy.5. Translate the following sentences into English by using the phrase above. Make sure that your English sentences are as formal as possible. Then compare them with your partners to see whose version is more formal.1) The effective dispo
39、sal of the recognized sources of pollution demonstrates to be of great aid in the elevation of peoples quality of life.2) Since the rapid evolution of technology, the lifestyles of the generations ahead of us will witness a revolutionized change.3) Tapping heat from the Earth enables the residents o
40、f resource-poor regions to combat the poorconditions.4) The downside of the practice of fertilizing the soil by burning straws is the fact that the released dusts and particles pose a serious problem for the health of the respiratory system.5) This campaign, organized by environmentally conscious in
41、dividuals, has a measurable effect on the general improvement of all the peoples environmental protection awareness.6) The history of deforestation can date back to two millenniums ago, which has deteriorated constantly in the modern time, leading to a huge loss of wildlife habitat.7) During the vis
42、it to Huangshan (Yellow Mountain), the tourists were amazed at how nature works wonders, realizing that beauty is only sustainable if all of us care for the environment around us.8) Drug abuse is a general degradation of lifestyle, causing immediate health effects.9) Oil leakage in the mainstream ri
43、ver considerably decreases the quantity of drinkable water;whats worse, the adverse effects are not confined to areas near the source.10) Luckily, the pollution inflicted by this accident will be effectively removed through natural cycles, not having a negative impact on the environment.Listening 2A
44、. Listen, note down the important ideas and details, and then decide whether the followingstatements are true or false. Use T for true and F for false.(1) T (2) F (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) FB. Listen carefully, and then answer the following questions briefly with the information from the lecture.(
45、1) The individuals potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization. (2) The lower one.(3) By providing lunch breaks, rest breaks and sufficient wages to purchase essentials. (4) The love and belonging needs.(5) They are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with th
46、e opinions of other people, and interested in fulfilling their potential.C. Listen again and write a short summary of the lecture.This lecture is about Maslows theory of the hierarchy of needs, namely physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Physio
47、logical needs are the most basic and instinctive ones, which must be satisf ied f irst. Safety needs refer to the needs for safety and security, also important for survival. Social needs include the needs for belonging, love and affection, the deprivation of which leads to unhappiness. Esteem needs
48、ref lect on personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment; if unmet, it may lead to inferiority complex. Self- actualization needs are at the highest level, meaning to realize a persons full potential, capacitiesand talents.Listening 3A. Listen, note down the important ideas and details, and then choose the best answer to thefollowing questions from the four choices given.(1) A (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) BB. Listen again focusing on the specific information, and then fill in the blanks with the missing words.classic
