1、 九年级仁爱版 Unit2Unit4 知识点U2 Topic 2 I. 重点词组1. as a result 结果2. here and there 到处3. in the beginning 一开始4. in danger 处于危险中5. cut down 砍倒6. change sth. into sth. 把变成7. prevent from 防止8. greenhouse effect 温室效应9. refer to 提到10.deal with 处理11.take up 占据12.cut off 中断II. 重点句型1. As we know, none of us likes po
2、llution. 众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。none 与 no one 的区别：a) none “全无” ，既可指人也可指物，后常跟 of 的短语; 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数；no one 只指人，后不能跟 of 的短语 ; 作主语时，谓语动词只用作单数。如：He has read none of these books.（指物）这些书他一本都没看过。None of my friends like/ likes drawing.（指人）我的朋友们没有一个喜欢画画。No one is here. 没有一个在这儿。b) none 回答 how many/ much 的问题；no on
3、e 回答 who 的问题。 如：A: How many students come to school by taxi? B: None.有多少的学生搭出租车来上学？ 没有人。A: How much water is there in the bottle? B: None.瓶子里有多少水？ 一点儿也没有。A: Who is in the room? B: No one.谁在房中？没有人。2、Trees can also stop the wind blowing the earth away.树木也能防风固土。stop / prevent sb. /sth. (from ) doing st
4、h. 阻止/ 防止 某人或某物做某事keep sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止/ 防止 某人或某物做某事3、You may either take a bus or a taxi. 你们可能搭公车去或者是搭出租车去。a) eitheror “要么要么; 或者或者” 并列连词,连接对等结构; 连接主语时,根据就近原则。如：You may come either today or tomorrow. 你要么今天来，要么明天来。We can either sing or dance. 我们可以唱歌或者跳舞。Either you or he is right. 要么你对，要么他对
5、。b) either 单独使用时，是代词，表“二者之一”既可指人也可指物；用作主语时，谓语动词用作单数。如：A：ould you like coffee or tea? B: Either is OK你想要咖啡还是茶？随便都可以。Either of us is right. 我们俩中有一人是对的。III. 语法不定代词和不定副词：(一) 不定代词：指人：someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody no one/ nobody everyone/everybody指物：something anything nothing everything（二）不定副词指地点：some
6、where anywhere nowhere everywhere（三）用法：1 some-复合代词/副词常用于肯定句；如：I saw someone in the room. 我看见房间里有人。There is something in the woods. 树林里有什么东西。2、any- 复合代词/副词常用于否定句或疑问句；如：I didnt see anyone in the room. 我没看见有人在房间里。There isnt anything in the woods. 树林里没有什么东西。3、no- 复合代词/副词表全否定；如：I saw nobody in the room.
7、我看见房间里没有人。There is nothing in the woods. 树林里没有什么东西。4、every- 复合代词 /副词代替全部；如：Everyone is here. 大家都在这儿。It seems he knows everything. 似乎他知道一切。 some-复合代词/副词用于疑问句中时，表希望得到对方的肯定回答或表请求；如：Would you like something to drink? 你要点喝的东西吗？ any-复合代词/副词用于肯定句时，表“任何” ；如：If people spit anywhere in public, they should be
8、punished. 如果人们在公众的任何地方吐痰，他们应该受罚。 不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；如：No one knows this secret. 没有一人知道这个秘密。Everything goes well. 一切进展顺利。 如果有定语修饰,定语应放在不定代词或不定副词后；如：I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事告诉你。There is nobody strange here. 这儿没有一个陌生人。 no= not any nobody = not anybody; nothing = not anythingShe di
9、dnt say anything. = She said nothing. 她什么也没说。There is nobody strange here.= There isnt anybody strange here.这儿没有一个陌生人。Topic 3 I. 重点词组1. not onlybut also 不仅 而且2. be supposed to 应该3. ought to 应该4. turn off 关掉5. instead of 代替6. on time 准时7. make sure 确保8. push forward 向前推9. push down 向下10.pull up 向上拉11
10、、encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事12、after all 毕竟 above all 最重要的是.II. 重点句型1. We should use both sides of paper, and reuse plastic bags rather than throw them away. 我们应该把纸的两面都使用，将塑料袋再次使用而不是轻易扔掉。a) both 修饰复数名词；而 either 修饰单数名词； 如：There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road.= There are a lot of tree
11、s on either side of the road. 在路的两边有许多树。b) rather than 表“（是）而不是”; 连词, 连接对等结构, 相当于 instead ofc) 如: I like coffee rather than tea. = I like coffee instead of tea. 我喜欢咖啡而不是茶.He likes listening to music rather than/ instead of singing.他喜欢听音乐而不是唱歌.He wants to go today rather than/ instead of tomorrow.他想今
12、天走而不明天.I did my homework rather than watched TV.= I did my homework instead of watching TV.昨晚我做作业了而不是看电视.但 rather than 位于句首时, 后跟动词原形,它不受句中谓语动词的时态影响。 如：Rather than do it by myself, I didnt ask for help.宁可自己干, 我没请人帮忙。2. Everyone is supposed to do it. 每个人都应该那样做。be supposed to do sth.指（按规定、习惯、安排等）应当做某事；
13、必须做某事；相当于 should; 用于否定句时，表“允许” ； 如：Teachers are supposed to/ should know a lot. 老师应该知道很多。You are not supposed to smoke here. 这里不允许抽烟。3. First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room. 首先，当你离开房间的时候，应该随手关灯。ought to 情态动词, 表 “应该; 应当”; 语气比 should 强;指道义上应该做的事,有时含有责备或督促的语气。should 指主观上感到有责任或义
14、务去做。如：You ought to help your mother do some housework.你应该帮你妈妈做些家务。We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。其否定式和疑问式：You oughtnt to get up so late in the morning.你早晨不应该起这么晚。Ought I to tell her the bad news? 我该告诉她坏消息吗？Yes, you ought. No, you oughtnt.III. 语法并列句：由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。结构为：简单句+并列连词+ 简单句常用的并列连词有：and
15、, or, but, while, not only but alsoe.g. 1. The river is dirty and the temperature of the earth is rising.2. They work well, but they are slow and cant run for long. Unit 3 Topic1 一.重点词语1.be able to=can 能够,会2.cant wait to do sth.迫不急待地做某事3.have a (good) chance to do sth.有( 好)机会做某事4.practice doing sth.
16、练习做某事5.be made by被制做;be made of/from由制成;be made in在某地制造6.on business 出差7.be similar to和相似8.translateinto把翻译成 9.have no/some trouble (in) doing sth.做某事没有/有些困难10.once in a while=sometimes/at times 偶尔,间或11.whatever=no matter what 无论何时12.as well as 以及13.mother tongue 母语14.take the leading position 处于领先地
17、位15.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事16.call for 号召二.重点句型1.Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world.世界上数以百万的人们都喜欢迪斯尼乐园。2.I hope I can go there one day. 希望有一天我能去那儿。3.English is widely spoken around the world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。4.It is also spoken as a second language in many countri
18、es.在许多国家它也被用作第二语言。5.It is possible that you will have some trouble.你可能会遇到一些麻烦。6.Its used as the first language by most people in America,Canada,Australia ,Great Britain andNew Zealand.它被美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰的大多数人用作第一语言。7.And two thirds of the worlds scientists read English.并且世界上三分之二的科学家用英语阅读。三.语法学习一般现在
19、时的被动语态英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。如：We clean the classroom.我们打扫教室。主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。如：The classroom is cleaned (by us).教室被（我们）打扫。1 被动语态的构成：助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）其中 by 意为“被 ；由”，表动作的执行者。如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与 be 作为连系动词时完全一样。如：English is wid
20、ely spoken around the world. （肯定式）English is not widely spoken around the world. （否定式）Is English widely spoken around the world? （疑问式）Yes, it is./No, it isnt.2 被动语态的用法：（1）在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。（2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。3
21、主、被动语态的转换：主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+ 其它）被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+ 宾语（+ 其它）注意：（1）主动、被动互转时，时态不变。（2）主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态 by 的宾语时，要用宾格形式。如：(1) People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) in the south.(2) She takes care of the baby. The baby is taken care of (by her).Topic 2 一. 重点词语1.see sb. Off 给
22、送行 2.depend on 取决于；依靠3.be different from 与不同 4.succeed in 成功，达成5.make yourself understood 表达你自己的意思6.on ones way to 在某人去的路上7.regard as 把.当做.8.leave for前往某地/leavefor离开去9.in twenty minutes 二十分钟之后10.written English 笔头英语/oral English 英语口语11.generally speaking 一般说来，大致上说12.as for sb./sth.至于某人/某物13.be close
23、 to靠近 14.in person 身体上，外貌上；亲自15.be found of爱好16.be forced to do sth.被迫做/force sb.to do 强迫某人做某事17.even worse 更糟的是二、 语法学习用现在进行时表示将来现在进行时表示将来时，常有“意图” 、“安排” （但不是固定不变的）或“ 打算”含义。它表示最近或较近的将来，所用的动词多是位移动词。如：come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, die例：Im going.我要走了。 When are you starting?你什
24、么时候动身？Dont worry. The train is arriving here soon.别着急，火车马上就到了。表示将来的现在进行时除了用于位移动词外，亦可用于某些非位移动词。如：My uncle is meeting us tomorrow.我叔叔明天会见我们。She is buying a new bike soon.她不久将买一辆新自行车。Topic 3 一、 重点词语1.in public 在公共场所 2.at times=sometimes 有时3.feel like doing=would like to do 想要做4.give up sth./doing sth.放
25、弃 5.turn to sb. for help 求助于某人6.give sb. some advice on/about给某人一些有关的建议7.be weak in 在方面很差/be good at 在方面很好8.be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事 9.make mistakes 犯错误10.take a deep breath 深呼吸 11.the best time to do 做某事最好的时间12.do some listening practice 做些听力训练 13.reply to=answer 回答14.advise sb. to do 建议某人做某事（名
26、词 advice）二、 重点句型1.Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A?在美国，别人能懂得你的话吗？2.I dont know what to do.我不知道该怎么办？3.At times I feel like giving up.有时我想要放弃。5.I dare not answer questions in class, because Im afraid of making mistakes.我不敢在课堂上回答问题，困为我害怕犯错误。8.I insist that you practice English every day.
27、我坚持认为你们每天都应该练习英语。三、 语法学习wh- +to do wh-是指 when, where, which, who(m)及 how 等连接词，它们和动词不定式连用，即为 wh- +to do 结构。这种结构在句中常作主语、表语和宾语，作宾语时可以转换为宾语从句。 (对于谓语动词来说，wh- +to do 这个不定式动词的动作是个尚未发生的动作，所以在转换成宾语从句时，通常须加情态动词或用将来时表示未来。)如：I dont know what to do.=I dont know what I should do.She cant decide which to buy.=she
28、cant decide which she will buy.反之，如果主句中的主语与宾语从句中的主语一致时，宾语从句（由疑问词引导）通常可以与“疑问词+不定式”互相转换。如：I dont know what I should do.=I dont know what to do.如果不一致就不能转换。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能说:I want to know what to do.)Unit 4 Topic 1 一、 重点词汇：1. be used for +ving 被用做2. come true 实现3. Its said that 据说4.
29、 during/in ones life 某人一生5. be known as 以 （身份）而著名6. know/say for certain 确切知道/ 肯定地说7. all the time 一直、总是8. no longer=notany longer 不再(no more, notany more)9. as long as 只要10. as far as 就 ，尽11. make a great contribution 对作出巨大贡献12. the rest of the time 在其余地时间里13. at any time 在任何时候二、 重点句型：1. Because Im
30、 not allowed to play computer games. 因为我不可以玩电脑游戏。allow “允许、准许”的意思。常用于以下几种形式：(1) allow +n./prep 如： We cant allow such a thing. 我们不容许这种事情发生。(2) allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事 如： She allowed me to go fishing.她允许我去钓鱼。(3) allow +doing sth 允许做某事 如： We dont allow smoking in the reading-room.我们不允许在阅览室吸烟。(4) be
31、 allowed to do sth 如：被允许做某事The students are allowed to play games on the play ground after school.放学后学生们被准许在操场上做游戏。2. Its made from wood. 它用木材做的。(1) be made in 在地方制造，后接表示地点的名词。(2) be made of 用制造的，表示原材料未经化学变化，仍可看得出原材料。(3) be made from 用制造的，表示原材料经过化学变化，已看不出其原样。(4) be made by 由（被）（人）制作，后接表示人的名词或代词。(5)
32、be made into （某物）被制成(6) be made up of 由组成 如：The TV set is made in Japan. 这台电视机是日本生产的。These houses are made of stones. 这些房子是由石头建造的。Paper is made from wood. 纸是木头造的。Was this cake made by your mother? 这蛋糕是你妈妈做的吗？Metal can be made into all kinds of things. 金属可以制成各种各样的物品。The medical team is made up of ten
33、 doctors. 这支医疗队由 10 位大夫组成。4. Its used for helping us to improve our English. 它用来帮助我们提高英语水平。(1) be used for+ving be used to do （被）用来做 强调用途或作用(2)be used as （被）作为而用，强调被当作工具或手段来用。(3)be used by 被使用，by 后跟人/物，强调使用者。如:Pens are used for writing. 钢笔被用来写字。Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来造纸。English is used as
34、a foreign language in China. 英语在中国被当作外语使用。Recorders are often used by English teachers. 英语老师经常使用录音机。5. People are surprised at the rapid development of robots.人们为机器人的飞速发展感到惊讶。 句子中be surprised at是一个系表结构，表示“对感到惊讶”。而 be surprised by是一个被动语态形式，表示“被所惊讶”。如：I am surprised at you. 我对你的举动感到诧异。The manager was
35、surprised by what he saw on the computer.那位经理被眼前出现在电脑屏幕上的东西所惊讶。6. They will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters.它们将不再愿意做我们的人，而要做我们的主人。no longer（通常在动词前），notany longer; notany more （用于非正式文体中）都可表示“（过去曾）现在不再” 如：She no longer lives here.She doesnt live here any longer(或 any more).她不在这儿住了。（
36、过去她曾住这儿）7. This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen.在夜间只要天气晴朗，能看见星星，这种方法就能很好地发挥作用。work well 有效 as long as 只要四、重点语法：1、 一般过去时的被动语态谓语部分的基本形式是 be 的过去式 was/were+及物动词的过去分词。如：When was it made? 它是什么时候制造的？It was made in 1980.它是 1980 年制造的。When was the digita
37、l camera invented? 数码像机是什么时候发明的？It was invented in 1975. 它是 1975 年发明的。2、时间前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用 in，日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用 on，上午下午又是 in。要说某日上下午，用 on 换 in 才能行。 午夜黄昏须用 at，黎明用它也不错。at 也用在时分前，说“ 差”可要用上 to。说“过”只可使用 past，多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月成蹉跎。Topic 2 一、重点词汇：1.travel by spaceship 乘宇宙飞船旅行2.in the future 在将来3.in order to 为了4.on
38、the radio 通过收音机5.take part in 参加6.grow up 成长、长大7.preferto 喜欢胜过8.Whats worse 更为糟糕的是9.be worth it 有好处，值得一干10.at a distance of 相隔 11.send sb a message 给某人发送信息二、重点句型：1. I dont think aliens can be found in space. 我认为外星人不可能出现在太空里。(1)当 think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect 等动词后的宾语从句含有 not 的否定词时，该否定应移至主句
39、，即否定主句的谓语动词。如：I dont think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天不会下雨。如果主句的主语是第二、三人称，否定式一般不转移。如：He supposes they wont win the game. 他猜想他们赢不了比赛。(2)can +be +过去分词，是情态动词构成的被动语态。如：This cant be done in a short time. 这不是短期内能完成的。2. It has been two days since we landed on Mars.自从我们登上火星以来已经两天了。it 用作主语谈论时间，常与 since 连用。如
40、：It is(或 has been) three years since we left school.自从我们离开学校以来已经三年了。3. Whats worse, our water supplies were very low.更糟糕的是，我们的水供给是非常有限的。Whats worse 更糟糕的是。类似结构还有：Whats more 更有甚者；更为重要的是。4. Its a quarter as big as the earth. 它是地球的四分之一大。倍数表示法：倍数+as+形容词/ 副词+as如：This box is three times as heavy as that on
41、e. 这只箱子是那只箱子的三倍重。5. Mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers.恒星在相隔大约 228000000 千米的地方绕着太阳转动。(1)at a distance of 相隔(2)at a distance 在远处。如：The moon goes around the earth at a distance of 380000km.月球在距地球 38 万千米的地方绕地球旋转。The police followed him at a distance. 警察远远地跟着他。四、重点语法：
42、情态动词的被动语态:是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：Aliens can not be seen on the earth. 在地球上不可能见到外星人。Other planets may be visited soon in the future. 将来其他的星球也会有人登陆。Scientific research should be done carefully. 应该认真地进行科学研究。These trees must be watered in time. 这些树应该及时浇水。T31. go around 环绕2. sendinto =send upinto 把送入3
43、. congratulations on sth 祝贺某事4. be proud of 为 而自豪5. be moved by 为而感动6. Thanks/Thank you for +n./ving sth 感谢某人做的某事7. have physical examinations 做体检 8. in good/bad health 处于好（不好）的身体状态9. cant help doing 情不自禁做10. take turn to (do sth) 轮流（做某事）11. no doubt 无疑地12. as well as 除 的之外，也13. for instance/example
44、 例如14. work on 做（方面）的工作15. depend on/upon 依靠，依赖16. turn on 打开17. turn off 关掉18. turn up 开大19. turn down 关小20. click on 用鼠标点击21. look forward to doing sth 期待做某事二、重点句型：1. Now big plans are being made to send up more satellites and even build a space station.现在中国正在计划发射更多的卫星，甚至建造一个空间站。(1) 句子“are being m
45、ade”是现在进行时的被动语态，结构“be being+ 过去分词”。(2) 主动句中的宾补如果是不带 to 的不定式时，变成被动句后，成为主补的不定式必须带 to,常见跟不带 to的复合宾语的动词有 see、feel、hear、make 等。2. Im moved by what Yang Liwei did. 我被杨利伟所做的事感动了。(1) What Yang Liwei did 是介词 by 的宾语从句，意为“杨利伟所做的事”(2) be moved by 为而感动 如：The students are moved by the old mans story.同学们为那位老人的故事而感动。3. Generally speaking, we are in good health now.一般来说，我们现在的健康状况良好。(1) generally speaking “一般来说、大体上、大概”(2) in good/bad health 处于好（不好）的身体状况。如:He has a c
