1、探究凸透镜的成像规律：器材：凸透镜、光屏、蜡烛、光具座（带刻度尺） 口诀：一倍焦距分虚实、二倍焦距分大小；虚像正物像同侧，实像倒物像异侧；物远实像小，焦点内放大。 注意事项：“三心共线”：蜡烛的焰心、透镜的光心、光屏的中心在同一直线上；又叫“三心等高” 注意：实像是由实际光线会聚而成，在光屏上可呈现，可用眼睛直接看，所有光线必过像点；虚像不能在光屏上呈现，但能用眼睛看，由光线的反向延长线会聚而成； 成像条件物距（u） 成像的性质 像距（v） 应用u2f 倒立、缩小的实像 fv 2f 照相机u=2f 倒立、等大的实像 v=2ffu2f 倒立、放大的实像 v 2f 投影仪、幻灯机、电影u=f 不成
2、像0 uf 正立、放大的虚像 v u 放大镜凹透镜始终成缩小、正立的虚像； 眼睛的晶状体相当于凸透镜，视网膜相当于光屏（胶卷）； 近视眼看不清远处的物体，远处的物体所成像在视网膜前面，晶状体太厚，需戴凹透镜矫正；远视眼看不清近处的物体，近处的物体所成像在视网膜后面，晶状体太薄，需戴凸透镜矫正； 显微镜由目镜和物镜组成，物镜、目镜都是凸透镜，它们使物体两次放大； 望远镜由目镜和物镜组成，物镜使物体成缩小、倒立的实像，目镜相当于放大镜，成放大的像；Unit One 1. How often do you exercise ? How often + 助动词 do(does 或 did) + 主语
3、+ do sth. ? 疑问词 how often 是问频率( 多经常), 在这里助动词 do(does 或 did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用 Every day / Once a week / Twice a month / Three times a month / Three or four times a month . 2. What do you usually do on weekends ? 第一个 do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do 则是实义动词。 I usually play soccer . 3. Whats your favorite progr
4、am ? Its Animal World . 4. What do students do at Green High School ? 第一个 do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do 则是实义动词。 5. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for.意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式（即动名词）。如： As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。 As for the stor
5、y， youd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。 6. The results for “ watch TV ” are interesting . 7. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her . want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如： Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？ The teacher doesnt want us
6、 to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。 8. She says its good for my health . be good for.表示 “对有益（有好处）”。其反义为：be bad for.。（这里 for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如： Its good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。 Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。 9. How many hours do you sleep every night ? 10. I exercise ever
7、y day , usually when I come home from school . 11. My eating habits are pretty good . 这里 pretty 相当于 very 。 12. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week . try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思 / try doing sth. 表示“ （用某一办法）试着去做某事”。 如:Youd better try doing the experiment in
8、another way. 你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。 13. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades . help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 14. Good food and exercise help me to study better . help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 / 这里 better 是 well 的比较级，而不是 good 的比较级 15. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different ? Is her lifestyl
9、e the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from your lifestyle ? be the same as / be different from 16. I think Im kind of unhealthy . kind of = a little / a kind of 意思是“一种” 17. What sports do you play ?18. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . keep in good health = k
10、eep healthy = stay healthy 19. You must try to eat less meat . try to do sth. 表示“ 尽力做某事 ” , 不包含是否成功的意思 / less 是 little 的比较级 20. That sounds interesting. 这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell （闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem （好象），grow（变得） , get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如： It tastes good. 这味道好。
11、 The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。 The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。 Unit Two 1. Whats the matter ? Whats the mater with you ? with 为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。人称代词必须用它的宾格。 I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache 2. You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a
12、 dentist / see a doctor . 3. Im not felling well . 这里 well 表示身体状况，不能用 good 代替 4. When did it start ? About two days ago . 5. Thats too bad . 6. I hope you fell better soon . 这里 better 是 well 的比较级 7. Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy . 这里 to be health
13、y 是动词不定式短语，作目的状语 8. Maybe you have too much yin . too much 后跟不可数名词，而 too many 后跟可数名词复数 9. Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and its important to eat a balanced diet . Its easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / Its important to do sth . 做某事重要 10. Everyone gets tired sometimes . 这里 get 连系动词，tired 是形容词作表语，属系表结构
14、11. A sore throat can give you a fever . give sb. sth . = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人 12. Dont get stressed out. Its not healthy . 在这里 get 是连系动词，stressed out 是表语 13. I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist . need 意思为 “需要” ，作实义动词时，后跟动词不定式，否定式为 dont /doesnt / didnt need (to do sth.) ；作情态动词时，只能用于否定句或疑
15、问句中，否定式为 neednt(do sth.) ，除有过去式外，没有其它的形态变化 14. Eat a balanced diet to stay healthy . to stay healthy 是动词不定式短语，作目的状语15. Im not feeling very well at the moment . at the moment = now Unit Three 1. What are you doing for vacation ? Im babysitting my sister . Where are you going for vacation ? Italy . 这是
16、现在进行时的一种比较特殊的用法，用来表示按计划或安排要做的事情，现在还没有去做。 2. Who are you going with ? Im going with my parents . with my parents 是介词短语，在这里作伴随状语，起修饰谓语动词 are going 的作用 3. When are you going ? Im going on Monday . 4. What are you doing there ? Im going hiking in the mountains . 5. How long are you staying ? Just for fo
17、ur days . I dont like going away for too long .疑问词hwo long 是对时间长短或事物的长度提问，在这里是对时间的长短进行提问。 6. Have a good time . = Enjoy oneself . 玩得开心、愉快 7. Show me your photos when we get back to school . show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某给某人看 8. Im going to Hawaii for vacation . for vacation 是介词短语，在这里作目的状语，起修饰谓语
18、动词的作用 9. Whats it like there ? 这里 like 是介词，而不是动词 10. Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans ? ask sb. sth . 问某人某事 11. Ben Lambert , the famous French singer , is taking a long vacation this summer ! take a vacation 度假 12. He thought about going to Greece or Spain , but decided on Can
19、ada . think about 考虑 / decide on 决定 这里的 about 和 on 都是介词 13. “ I always take vacation in Europe ,” he said . “ This time I want to do something different .” (1). want to do sth. (2). 修饰不定代词(something , nothing , anything 等) 的定语常放在不定代词的后面 14. He plans to have a very relaxing vacation . plan to do sth.
20、 计划做某事 15. Im planning to spend time in the beautiful countryside . 16. I just finished making my last movies . finish doing sth. 完成做某事 17. I hear that Thailand is a good place to go sightseeing . to go sightseeing 是动词不定式短语，作 a good place 的后置定语 18. Shes leaving for Hong Kong on Tuesday . leave A for
21、 B 离开 A 地去 B 地 19. I want to ask you about places to visit China . to visit China 是动词不定式短语，作 places 的后置定语 20. Im planning my vacation to Italy this weekend . to Italy 是动词不定式短语，作 my vacation 的后置定语 21. What should tourists take with them ? with them 是介词短语，在这里作伴随状语，起修饰谓语动词 take 的作用 22. Where are you le
22、aving from ? leave from 离开某地（注：from 是介词） Unit Four 1. How do you get to school ? 疑问词 how 在这里是对方式进行提问 I ride my bike / walk / take the subway . By bike / bicycle / bus / train / subway / taxi / air / plane / ship / boat . On foot . How do I get there ? 因 there 是副词,所以不能说 get to there Dont worry . Let
23、me look at your map . Ok , first , next . Then . 2. How long does it take ? 疑问词 hwo long 是对时间长短或事物的长度提问 It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus . How long does t take you to get from home to school ? It takes twenty-five minutes . take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人时间做某事 3. Lin Feis h
24、ome is about Kilometers from school . 4. How far is it from your home to school ? Its three miles . How far do you live from school ? I live 10 miles from school . 疑问词 how far 在这里是对距离进行提问 5. In other parts of the world , things are different . 6. In China , it depends on where you are . depend on 视而
25、定；决定于 7. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus . 8. In North America , not all students take the bus to school . not all 是部分否定，意思是并不是所有的；不是全部的 9. Other parts of the world are different from the United States . 10. A small number of students take the subway . a number of = many 许多 11. What do
26、 you think of the transportation in your town ? think of 对有某种看法 12. When it rains I take a taxi . 13. I have a map but in Chinese . 14. If you have a problem , you can ask a policeman . Unit Five 1. Can you come to my party ? Sure , Id love(like) to . / Im sorry , I cant . I have to help my parents
27、. Can you play tennis with me ? 情态动词 can 在这里起征求对方意见的作用。2. I have too much homework this weekend . too much 后跟不可数名词； too many 后跟可数名词复数 3. Thats too bad . 4. Maybe another time . 5. Thanks for asking . for 介词，后跟名词，代词或动名词 6. Come and have fun . / Come and join us . 7. On Wednesday , Im playing tennis w
28、ith the school team . 8. I have to study for my science test on Thursday . have to 强调客观原因；而 must 强调主观原因 9. Please keep quiet ! Im trying to study . try to do sth. 表示“ 尽力做某事 ” , 不包含是否成功的意思 10. Do you want to come to my birthday party ? want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事” 11. Li Lei is going fishing with grandp
29、a the whole day . the whole day = all day 整天 12. Can you come over to my house ? 13. Im free till 22:00 . Unit Six 1. Im more outgoing than my sister . 主语 + 动词 + 形容词比较级别 + than + 比较对象 2. As you can see , in some ways we look the same , and in some ways we look different . 3. However , we both enjoy
30、going to parties . enjoy doing sth. = like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 4. Liu Li has more than one sister . more than 不止 5. Liu Li and Liu Ying have some things in common . in common （团体）共同的；公有的 6. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister . as as 和一样 （其中 asas 之间的形容词必须用原级）；它的否定式是：not as(so) as 7. Liu Yin
31、g talks more than Liu Li . 这里 more 是 much 的比较级，而不是 many 的比较级 8. Both girls go to lots of parties . lots of = a lot of 许多 9. My friend is the same as me . be the same as 与 一样 / be different from 与不同 10. I think a good friend makes me laugh . make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 11. For me , a good friend likes to
32、 do the same things as me . like to do sth. 12. Thats not very important for me . 13. Whats your opinion ? 14. Should friends be different or the same ? same 前常有定冠词 the 15. I like to have friends who are like me . / I like to have friends who are different from me . like to do sth.中的 like 是动词,意思是“ 喜
33、欢 ”；而 are like me 中的 like 是介词，意思是“ 像 ”。要注意区别 like 的词性。 16. Im quieter than most of the kids in my class . 17. We both like doing the same things . like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 18. Who do you think should get the job , Ruth or Rose ? 19. You must be good with children / enjoy telling jokes . be good with sb
34、. 对某人好；与某人相处融洽 / enjoy doing = like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 20. He cant stop talking . stop doing sth. 意为“ 停止（正在）做的事情” ，doing 在句中是 stop 的宾语。如：When the teacher came in , the students stopped talking and laugh . 老师走了进来，学生们停止了谈笑。 / stop to do sth. 意为“ 停下（正在做的事）去做某事”，动词不定式短语 to do sth.在句中作动词 stop 的目的状语。 如：He s
35、topped to write a letter to her . 他停下手边的工作，给她写信。 21. He always helps others . 22. She likes to stay at home and read . like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 / stay at home 呆在家里 Review of units 1-6 1. You use milk to make cheese and you can drink it , too . 动词不定式短语 to make cheese 在这里作目的状语，修饰 use milk 2. A part of yo
36、ur body beginning with “ a ” . begin with 以开始 （注意：with 是介词）3. The opposite of short is long or tall . 4. The neck is between your head and your body . between and 在和之间 5. Carrots , onions and peppers are all vegetables . all 用于三者或三者以上； both 用于两者。同时要注意它们在句中的位置，即位于连系动词（be），助动词（be , will , shall , shou
37、ld 等），情态动词（can , may , must , have to 等）的后面；其它动词的前面。 6. I like reading books in my free time . like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 / in ones free time 在空余时间 7. I feel terrible , doctor . 在这里 feel 是连系动词，terrible 是形容词作表语，feel terrible 是系表结构作复合谓语 8. I usually relax in my swimming pool . 9. Im very excited to be taki
38、ng a vacation around China ! be excited to do sth. 做某事很激动 10. Who is more athletic , Gao Yan or Li Tong ? 附：音节小议 英语的音素分为元音和辅音两大类，由一个元音或一个元音加一个或几个辅音结合构成的语音单位叫做音节。例如： 由一个元音构成的音节：I /aI/“我”、oh / u/“哦”、a/eI， /“一个”、ear/I /“耳朵”等； 由一个元音加一个辅音构成的音节： bee/bi:/“蜜蜂”、ill /il/“生病”、my/mai/“我的”、see /si:/“看见”等； 由一个元音加
39、几个辅音构成的音节：bed /bed/“床”、bag/b g/“袋子”、clock /kl k/等。 英语的词有一个音节的，也有两个音节或三个音节以上的。顾名思义，一个音节叫做单音节，两个音节叫做双音节，三个或三个以上的音节叫做多音节。例如 good /gud/只有一个音节，所以叫做单音节词；morning/m :nI /分别有/m :n/和/I /两个音节，所以叫做双音节词；而 afternoon /a:ft nu:n/有/a:f/、/t /、/nu:n/三个音节，所以，叫做多音节词。 在英语中，双音节或多音节的单词，每一个词都有一个读得特别响亮的音节，叫做重读音节，重读音节以重读符号“”来表示。例如在 evening /i:vni /一词中，/i:/ 是重读音节。一般来说，只有一个音节的单词往往重读，但通常不标重读符号；双音节词和多音节词至少有一个音节重读，并在重读的音节左上方标出重读符号。 音节分为开音节和闭音节。以元音字母 a 或 e, i, o, u 结尾的音节叫做开音节，如 nice, hi, hello, fine 等都是以开音节结尾的单词；以辅音字母结尾的音节叫做闭音节，如 meet, bed, what, wall, mom 等都是以闭音节结尾的单词。
