1、1宾语从句 一、考点解读所谓宾语从句，就是一个句子在句子中作宾语成分，主要复习以下的内容：1陈述句作宾语从句2一般疑问句作宾语从句3特殊疑问句作宾语从句二、专题梳理1陈述句做宾语从句陈述句包括肯定句和否定句。我们先复习陈述句作宾语从句时的三大方面的问题。（一）连接词，陈述句作宾语从句时，用连接词 that，通常 that 可以省略。e.g.I think (that) English is difficult to learn. 我认为英语难学。但在有些动词后连接词 that 不能省略，在初中阶段我们学过的动词有 learn, sugget, explain, agree, wonder, f
2、eel, mean。e.g.However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about the grammar.然而，他继续解释说他对语法还没有把握。（二）语序，宾语从句要用陈述句的语序，而陈述句就是陈述句的语序，所以不必作任何改动。（三）时态。在带有宾语从句的句子中，主句和从句的谓语动词在时态上是互有联系的，具体说来有三条。（1）当主句的谓语动词用的是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句的谓语动词通常不受主句的限制，即从句的时间是什么，从句的谓语动词就用什么形式。e.g.She says (that) she likes Engl
3、ish. 她说她喜欢英语。She says (that) she liked English three years ago. 她说她三年以前喜欢英语。She says (that) she will like English next term. 她说下个学期她会喜欢英语的。（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时的时候，从句的谓语动词通常要和主句保持一致，要用过去了的某种时态。我们来做一些练习。She said. She likes English. She said (that) she liked English.She said. She liked English three years
4、 ago.She said (that) she liked English three years ago.She said. She will like English. She said (that) she would like English next term.She said. They are swimming. She said (that) they were swimming. 她说他们在游泳。She said. The girl has been there. She said (that) the girl had been there.她说那个女孩去过那里。（3）当
5、主句的谓语动词用的是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观事实或真理2时，从句的谓语动词不受主句的限制，通常用一般现在时。e.g.The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。My mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 妈妈告诉我患难见真情。2一般疑问句作宾语从句一般疑问句作宾语从句也有三大方面需要掌握。（一）连接词。一般疑问句作宾语从句时用连接词 if 或 whether，if 和 whether的中文意思是“ 是否” ，在句子中不能省略。
6、我们来看几个句子。e.g.Do you know？ Does he study English？Do you know if (whether) he studies English？ 你知道他是否学习英语吗？He asks. Are you a teacher？ He asks if (whether) you are a teacher. 他问你是否是老师。注意：一般疑问句作宾语从句时，if 和 whether 这两个连接词在大部分情况下是可以通用的。但是有时候有些词后或搭配中通常用 whether，不用 if。下面我们来看一下 if 和 whether 的用法区别。（1）if/ whet
7、her 在作“是否” 讲时引导的宾语从句常放在动词 know, ask, care, wonder, find out 等之后。e.g.Ill try to find out if/whether the machine is in good condition.我将尽量查出这台机器是否正常。Were having a discussion whether well go on the trip or not.我们正在讨论是否去旅行。（2）少数动词如 leave, put, discuss, doubt 后的宾语从句常用 whether 引导。e.g.I put it to you wheth
8、er we should start earlier. 请您考虑一下我们能否早点出发。I doubt whether theyll keep their word. 我怀疑他们能否守约。Were now discussing whether we should group these three companies.我们现在正讨论是否应该兼并这三个公司。（3）whether 后可与 or not 直接连用，但 if 不可以。e.g.I dont care whether/if the work will take long or not.这项工作花时间长短我不在乎。I wonder wheth
9、er or not we should make it clear that weve lost this game.我不知道我们是否应该说明我们已经输了这一场比赛。（4）与不定式连用只能用 whether。e.g.I am just wondering whether to stay for another hour or just start off right away.我不知道是再等一个小时还是现在就开始。（5）有时为避免歧义，常用 whether 引导宾语从句，而不用 if。e.g.Let me know whether you can come. 告诉我，你是否能来。如果改成 Le
10、t me know if you can come.就有两种译句。 “告诉我你是否能来。 ”“如果你能来就告诉我。 ”（6）在介词后通常用 whether，不用 if。3e.g. Im thinking about whether they know the answer. 我在想他们是否知道答案。I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.（介词后一般不用 if）我对他们是否信任我不感兴趣。（7）whether 引导的宾语从句可置于句首。e.g.Whether they will join in the Winter Ca
11、mp I dont care.他们能否参加冬令营，我不在乎。（二）语序。要用陈述句的语序，我们来看例句。e.g.He asks. Do you like sports？He asks if you like sports. 他问你是否喜欢运动。She asks. Does the boy wash clothes？She asks if (whether) the boy washes clothes. 她问那个男孩是否洗衣服。I wonder. Did you go there？I wonder if (whether) you went there. 我想知道你是否去那里了。She ask
12、s. Are they listening to the teacher？She asks if (whether) they are listening to the teacher？她问他们是否在听老师讲课。He wants to know. Will they have classes tomorrow？He wants to know if (whether) they will have class tomorrow.他想知道他们明天是否上课。注意：一般疑问句作宾语从句改为陈述句的语序时，动词的变化如下：do去掉后面的动词不变。does去掉后面的动词加 s 或 es。did去掉后面的
13、动词变为过去式。will, is, am, are, can, may, must, should, have, has, had 等助动词放到主语之后。（三）时态。时态的变化与陈述句作宾语从句相同，即：（1）主现从不限（主句用一般现在时，从句不限制用什么时态） 。（2）主过从过（主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去了的某种时态） 。（3）客观真理不遵循主过，从过。3特殊疑问句作宾语从句（一）连接词。特殊疑问句作宾语从句时不需要再加连接词，疑问词就是连接词，并且不能省略。e.g.I ask. What are you doing now？I ask what you are doing now. 我
14、问你现在在干什么？（二）语序。用陈述句的语序，与一般疑问句变宾语从句时基本相同，为什么说基本相同呢？这是因为特殊疑问句有两种语序。（1）疑问词一般疑问句。Do you know？ Who does he often go there with？Do you know who he often goes there with？ 你知道他经常和谁一起去那儿吗？I dont know. Whom should you depend on？4I dont know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁。This book will show you. What do
15、 the best CEOs know？This book will show you what the best CEOs know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁了解些什么。He didnt tell me. When will we meet again？He didnt tell me when we would meet again. 他没告诉我什么时候我们再见面。Could you please show me？ How do you use your new cellphone？Could you please show me how you use your new cellph
16、one？你能否给我展示一下你如何使用你的新机器？None of us knows. Where can these new parts be bought？None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.我们中没人知道在哪里可以买到这些新零件。I ask you. Where are you from？I ask you where you are from？ 我问你来自哪里。（2）疑问词谓语其它。在第二种句式中，疑问词既是连接词，也是主语，所以语序上不作变化。我们来看几个特殊疑问句。Who has won the game？“谁赢了那
17、场比赛。 ”Who 在句子中作主语，has won 作谓语。Do you know who has won the game？ 你知道谁赢了那场比赛吗？Whats wrong with you？“你哪儿不舒服？ ”这里 what 是作主语用的，是疑问词谓语其它。作宾语从句时语序不变。I ask you whats wrong with you. 我问你哪里不舒服。通过上面的例句，我们可以看出特殊疑问句的语序，可以归纳特殊疑问句作宾语从句时有两种情况：A：连接词（疑问词）谓语其它。B ：连接词（疑问词）主语谓语其它。注意在用陈述句的语序时，我们还是要强调如下的几点：（1）do去掉动词形式不变e.
18、g.What do you study？你学习什么？The teacher asks what you study？ 老师问你学习什么？（2）does去掉动词加 s 或 ese.g.Where does the boy go on Sunday？ 那男孩星期天去哪里？The girl wants to know where the boy goes on Sunday.（3）did去掉动词变成过去式e.g.How many books did you buy yesterday？ 你昨天买了几本书？I ask how many books you bought yesterday？ 我问你昨天
19、买了几本书？5（4）助动词 is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had, will, shall, can, may, must 等，挪到主语之后。e.g.Which class are you in？ 你在哪一个班？The teacher asks which class you are in？ 那个老师问你你在哪个班。（5）dont, didnt, doesnt 不能去掉，要挪到主语之后。e.g.Why didnt you come yesterday？ 为什么你昨天没有来？The boy asks why you didnt come yesterday
20、. 那个男孩问你昨天为什么没有来。（三）时态。时态变化与陈述句，一般疑问句作宾语从句的变化相同。其中特别要注意主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去了的某种时态。我们来看几个句子。e.g.What are they eating？ 他们在吃什么？I wanted to know what they were eating. 我想知道他们在吃什么？How long has he stayed there？ 他在那里呆了多久？She asked how long he had stayed there. 她问他在那里呆了多久。特别提示：当主句中的谓语动词是 think, say, guess, suppo
21、se, suggest, believe, feel, consider等时，宾语从句的引导词常是 who, which, what, when, where, how, why 等疑问词，经常将这类引导词置于句首。e.g.Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year？你认为今年大众会选谁作为他们最喜爱的歌手？What do you suggest we should prepare for Thanksgiving Day？你建议我们该为感恩节准备点什么？4哪些词可以接宾语从句（1）接宾
22、语从句的动词：大多数动词都可以带宾语从句e.g.We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮。He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中，他都会帮忙的。常用必背：可带宾语从句的常见动词有：hope 希望 tell 告诉 say 说 think 认为consider 认为 imagine 想象 expect 期望 suppose 猜测guess 猜测 know
23、知道 hear 听说 wonder 想知道（2）动词短语有的也可带宾语从句常见的这类词有：make sure 确保 make up ones mind 下定决心 keep in mind 牢记e.g.Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在你上交试卷前要确保没有任何错误。We should keep in mind that sports can help us develop both our bodies and characters.6我们应当牢记体育运动不但可以增强我们的体
24、质，而且还能健全我们的人格。（3）需用形式宾语 it 代替的宾语从句 动词 find, feel, think, consider, make, believe 等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用 it 作形式宾语而将 that 宾语从句后置。e.g.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. 我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾。I have made it a rule that I
25、 keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了惯例。We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要。 有些动词跟宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加 it。这类动词主要有 hate, take, owe, have, see to 等。e.g.I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌人们满嘴食物时说话。He will have it that our plan is r
26、eally practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行。I take it that you will agree with us. 我认为你会同意我们的。When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral.开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置。特别提示：如若宾语从句是 wh-类，则不可用 it 代替。e.g.We all consider what you said to the unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。We discovered what we h
27、ad learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的是有用的。（4）介词的宾语从句wh-类引导的介词宾语从句一般情况下介词后跟 wh-类引导的宾语从句。e.g.We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。The new book is about how Shenzhou VI manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神舟六号载人航天飞机是如何升入太空的。that 引导的介词宾语从句偶尔可见到 exce
28、pt, but, besides 三个介词后跟 that 引导的宾语从句的情况。e.g.I know nothing about my new neighbour except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他的一无所知。（5）形容词的宾语从句常可引导宾语从句的形容词有 sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied（满意的） ，sorry 等。e.g.Im sure that theyll make it in spite
29、of the terrible weather.我确信不管天气如何，他们会取得成功的。7Im extremely sorry that I have lost your book. 真是对不起我弄丢了你的书。Were all pleased that we have once again overcome the difficulty.真是高兴我们再次战胜了困难。Im not sure whether theyll agree with such a plan.我拿不准他们是否同意这样一个计划。注意：用 that 引导的从句作介词宾语时，需要用形式宾语 it 代替，然后将 that从句放在最后
30、。e.g.You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 请你相信我，我总会帮助你的。今天我们复习了宾语从句，宾语从句最主要注意就是我们上面提到的三大问题。即：连接词的问题、语序的问题、时态的问题。宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语有很大的区别。在复习直接引语和间接引语中我们会讲这个区别。不要把宾语从句和直接引语变间接引语混为一体。三、典型例题讲解例题1Could you please tell me _？ Certainly.Awhat should I do to improve my English Bhow can I get to th
31、e reading roomCwhat she is looking for Dwhen shall we have a parents meeting解题技巧：本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句用陈述语序，而选项 A、B 和 D 都是疑问语序，故排除，由句意可知正确答案为 C 项。答案：C例题2I know _ I promised to take you to dinner, but I wont finish working until ten oclock.Athat Bif Cwhat Dwhy解题技巧：本题考查宾语从句的用法。由下文“我承诺带你去吃饭，但是我直到十点才能完成工作。 ”
32、可知此处由 that 引导宾语从句，故选 A 项。答案：A例题3Can you guess _ the new Nike sports shoes？Yes. Maybe he asked his grandpa to pay for them, I think.Ahow he paid for Bwhere he bought Cwhen he paid for Dwhy he bought解题技巧：本题考查宾语从句的连接词。how“怎样” ；where“ 哪里”；when“什么时候”；why“为什么”。由下句“也许他让他爷爷支付的”可知，对方询问如何支付新耐克运动鞋。故选 A。答案：A四、备
33、考策略8宾语从句是初中阶段学习的一个主要内容，近几年中考中出现的内容较多，宾语从句的重点在三大方面，一是连接词，二是语序，三是时态。这三个问题弄清楚了，题目就容易做了。宾语从句专题练习题一、用恰当的连接词连接宾语从句。1Id like to know _ you have invited him to the meeting.2I know _ Chinese is spoken in many Southeast countries.3She couldnt decide _ bus she would take to the zoo.4I dont know _ I should tell
34、 him the truth.5We were happy to see _ there was hardly any clouds in the blue sky.6Do you know _ Miss Jones will punish Tom？7He told me _ he was going to thank Jack.8Could you let us know _ we will fly over Hankou？二、合成宾语从句。1He said. They are working hard._2Do you know？ Does she study Japanese？_3The
35、y want to know. How long will you stay there._4We think. The workers were late yesterday._5The girl asked. Does the teacher teach English？_6I asked him. Will he like to help us？_三、单项选择。( )1My uncle remembered _.Awhen we moved to the town Bwhen did we move to the townCwhen we move to the town Dwhen d
36、o we move to the town( )2Can you tell me which floor _？Adoes he live on Bhe lives in Cdoes he live in Dhe lives on( )3Could you tell me _？ Glad to help.Aif I have been to the Great Wall Bwhere did he studyChow I can get to the station Dwhats your name( )4Our head teacher saw the empty seat next to m
37、e and asked _.Awhere has Jeff gone Bwhere did Jeff go9Cwhere Jeff has been Dwhere Jeff had gone( )5I wonder _. Zebras.Awhat do they call these animals Bhow they call these animalsCwhat they call these animals Dhow do they call these animal宾语从句10一、答案及解析：1if/whether 根据句意，这里需要一个“是否”这个连接词。2That 后面是一个陈述事
38、实的句子。3Which 这里问的是“哪一路车”。4if/whether 中文意思是：“我不知道是否该告诉他真相”。5That 这是一个陈述句作宾语从句。6why 或 whether/if最好用 why。中文意思， “为什么 Jones 小姐会惩罚 Tom？”7That 这是陈述句作宾语从句。8When 根据意思“什么时候飞过汉口”。二、答案及解析：1He said that they were working hard.陈述句作宾语从句，用连接词 that，主句用一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去的时态。2Do you know if she studies Japanese ？一般疑问句作宾语从
39、句，用连接词 if 或 whether，并用陈述句的语序。3They want to know how long you will stay there.特殊疑问句作宾语从句，疑问词就是连接词，并用陈述句的语序。4We think that the workers were late yesterday.陈述句作宾语从句用连接词 that。5The girl asked if （whether）the teacher taught English.一般疑问句作宾语从句，用连接词 if, whether，用陈述句的语序，并用“ 主句用一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态”。6I asked if （whether）he liked to help us.解释同5。三、答案及解析：1A 宾语从句用陈述句的语序，主句用了过去时，从句也用过去了的时态。2D 宾语从句用陈述句的语序，在第几楼用介词 on。3C 根据答语很乐意提供帮助，这是在问路。4D 这是宾语从句用陈述句的语序，根据“座位是空的”，说明动作发生在老师问话之前。5C 根据句中“称这些动物什么”，并用了陈述句的语序。
