1、 普天教育 2018 年春季班初二英语讲义 第 1 页 共 23 页2018 年外研版八年级下册英语精讲讲义期末总复习1. take up 占据（空间/时间）The desk took up too much room.Playing computer games has taken up most of his time. 从事 He took up art at school. 他在学校教美术。2. find somewhere to sit down 找地方坐下3. a bit of +不可数名词 = a little of a bit of food/orange juice a bi
2、t of a mess 有点乱a bit +形容词/副词= a little a bit tired/hungry 区别：not a bit:一点也不 not a little: 很/ 非常4. must 一定（表推测） It must be really valuable. 他一定很值钱。5. as+(形容词/副词)原级+as: 像一样 He is as tall as his brother.否定：not so as 不如. Tom is not as tall as his brother.6. in ones life 在（某人）一生中7. make sb./sth. +动词原形：使某
3、人 /某物做某事 Dont make me laugh. The boss made the worker work for a long time.类似：let sb./sth. + 动词原形：让某人 /某物做某事8. grow as a person 长大成人9. someothers一些另外一些10. develop ones interest 培养某人的兴趣普天教育 2018 年春季班初二英语讲义 第 2 页 共 23 页11. as well as=besides 除了. 之外，还包括.As well as Tom, his parents came to the party.汤姆和
4、他的父母都来参加了这个聚会。12. encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事13. come out 出版；外出；14. as a result 结果 as a result of.由于.=because ofHe didnt work hard, as a result, he didnt pass the exam.15. be interested in+名词/动词-ing: 对感兴趣I am very interested in maths. Are you interested in dancing?16. sb. spend+时间 +doing sth. 某人
5、花费多少时间做某事。= It takes sb.+时间+ to do sth.He usually spends lots of time playing computer games.=It usually takes him lots of time to play computer games.M71. prepare for为.做准备= get ready for2. make a list of列的清单3. get ready 把准备好4.It sounds crazy. 这听起来很荒唐。5. I dont know what to take.（简单句 = I dont know w
6、hat I should take.（复合句）6. at the end of 在.的尽头/ 结尾7. Is 200 dollars enough?（金钱、时间、距离做主语时，视作单数）50 years is long time. 100 metres is a short distance.8. had better +动词原形：最好做某事 You had better stay home at night.普天教育 2018 年春季班初二英语讲义 第 3 页 共 23 页否定：had better not + 动词原形：最好不要做某事：Youd better not go out now.
7、9. by the way 顺便说一下 go crazy 变疯 in a group of 20 二十人一组10. offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb.向某人提供某物 He offered the poor lots of food and water. offer to do sth. 自愿去做某事 They offered to help me.11. learn about 了解 at the same time 同时 be well trained 受过良好培训 depend on 依赖；取决于14. provide sb. sth.提供某人某物= pro
8、vide sb. with sth./provide sth. for sb.15. set tests 安排考试 form close friendships with 与.结成亲密的友谊stay in touch with和 保持联系 take trips to到去旅行at least 至少 fill out 填写 M81. 重要语法：宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子。本模块重点：由 that 引导的宾语从句，that 无义，可省, 后接陈述句作宾语。宾语从句复合句=主句 + 引导词 + 宾语从句。I can hardly believe (that) were in the city
9、centre.Tony guesses that the park is very popular.Lingling suggests that they spend the day there.Lingling doesnt think the park will be busy.主句和从句的时态关系：普天教育 2018 年春季班初二英语讲义 第 4 页 共 23 页主句：一般现在时 从句：需根据实际情况用不同时态She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.（从句为一般现在时）She says (that) she will leave a
10、 message on his desk. （从句为一般将来时）My grandparents often tell me they lived a hard life in the past.（从句为一般过去时）Xiaoming says he has already finished his homework. （从句为现在完成时）主句：一般过去时 从句：一般过去时/过去时的某种时态He said (that) there were no classes yesterday afternoon. （从句用一般过去时）He said (that) he was going to take c
11、are of the baby. （从句用过去将来时）Our teacher told us he had taught here for 20 years. （从句用过去完成时）特殊情况：从句描述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间改变而改变的事实时，不管主句为何种时态，从句总是用一般现在时。He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快)The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. （客观事实）She said(that) her father is t
12、wenty-eight years older than her. （客观事实）My father told us(that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.（客观真理）注意：当主句的谓语动词是 think 或 believe，宾语从句要表达否定时，要把从句的否定转移到主句上。 I dont think he is going to help you with your English. We dont believe that we have won the basketball match.2. hardly 几乎不 =
13、 almost notHe can hardly believe the result, can he?（前否后肯）3. so that 如此以至于The little boy is so young that he cant go to school.普天教育 2018 年春季班初二英语讲义 第 5 页 共 23 页=The little boy is too young to go to school.= The little boy is not old enough to go to school.so that 以便；为了=in order tharHe got up early s
14、o that he could catch up the early bus.4. hear sb./sth.+动词原形：听见某人/某物（经常/ 过去）做 .hear sb./sth.+动词-ing : 听见某人 /某物正在做.I often hear her play the piano in her room.I heard her play the piano in her room last night.I hear her playing the piano in her room now.5. be famous for 因而著名be famous as+职业/身份：作为而出名Th
15、is park is famous for its lake.Luxun is famous as a writer.6. allow doing sth.允许做某事 They dont allow smoking here allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 His parents allowed him to go out with me.allow+that 从句：He allowed that they were right. 他承认他们是对的7. Its better (for sb.) to do sth.（对某人来说）最好去做某事。Its better for
16、 you to stop smoking.=You had better stop smoking.8. point out 指出 point at/to指着（近物/远物） 9. at the top of 在的顶部 move about 四处走动 10. promise to do sth.答应做某事 He promised to help us.promise not to do sth. 保证不做某事 Tony promised not to talk in class.普天教育 2018 年春季班初二英语讲义 第 6 页 共 23 页promise +that 从句: My paren
17、ts promise that they will buy me a new shirt.11.have a wonderful time 玩得开心 magic land 仙境 square kilometer 平方公里by a small lake 在小湖边 wake sb. up 唤醒某人 12. without doing 没有做. We came out without making any noise.13.It is a pity that+从句。真遗憾. Its a pity that you have missed the party.14.walk down the path
18、 顺路而下15.put leaves off plants 从植物扯下叶子16. the second largest 第二大. (the +序数词+ 最高级：第几最.)17.fall asleep 入睡M91.重要语法：if/whether 引导的宾语从句复合句，if/whether 意为“是否”，用在将直接引语（说话人说得话）为一般疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语（转述他人的话）的复合句中做引导词，转化后需将一般疑问句变为陈述句，即陈述语序。（直接引语） “Are you a teacher?” he asks.（间接引语）He asks if/whether I am a teacher.（
19、直接引语） “Have you finished your home work?”the teacher asked him.（间接引语）The teacher asked if/whether I had finished my home work.间接引语也就是 if/whether 引导的宾语从句He wants to know if it will rain tomorrow.I dont know whether he is at home or not.注：if 和 whether 一般情况下可以互换使用，但如下情况，不能用 if,只能用 whether:基本结构：主句+if/wh
20、ether+宾语从句（用陈述语序）普天教育 2018 年春季班初二英语讲义 第 7 页 共 23 页在动词不定式之前只能用 whether I dont know whether to accept or refuse（拒绝）. 在 whether or not 的固定搭配中。Let me know whether you can come or not. 在介词后，只能用 whether。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether 。Whether it is true or not, I cant
21、tell.用 if 会引起歧义时，只用 whether。如用 whether 可避免歧义。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（what/where/when/which/why/how/how many）直接引语为特殊疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语复合句时，用原来的特殊疑问词作引导词，但后面需改为陈述句，即陈述语序。（直引） “What s your name?”Mr. Li asks me.（间引）Mr. Li asks what my name is.（直引） “Why did he ask for help?” he asked.（间引）He asked why he asked for help.
22、间引即为特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。Where does he come from? I dont know.（合并句子）I dont know where he comes from. （合并后，原来的特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，故要改为陈述句， 因为它不再是问句了）How can I get there? Can you tell me? （合并句子）Can you tell me how I can get there?（解析同上）基本结构：主句+特殊疑问词 +宾语从句（用陈述语序）普天教育 2018 年春季班初二英语讲义 第 8 页 共 23 页注：if/whether 和特殊疑问词引导的宾
23、语从句复合句，主句和从句的时态与 that 引导的宾语从句复合句一样，需注意主从句时态的变化。2. mention sth. to sb.向某人提及某事3. take a message （for sb.） ：（为某人）捎口信4.打电话用语：Whos calling?=Whos that speaking?你是哪位？Is that (speaking)?你是吗？This is speaking.我是Could/May I speak to?我可以和.说话吗？5. have a problem with sb. 和某人之间出了问题6.get separated 分开7. explain sth.
24、 to sb.向某人解析某事 Please explain the meaning to me.explain +疑问词 +不定式：Could you explain how to do it well?explain +宾语从句： Could you explain what happened then?8.refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 He refused to help me.9. feel/be sure of.对有把握10. regret to do sth. 遗憾地（要）做某事（还未做） regret- regretted-regrettedI regretted
25、scloding him the other day. 我后悔几天前责备过他。regret doing sth.后悔做过某事(已经做过了）I reget to tell you that you are dismissed. 我遗憾地告诉你：你被开除了。11. be patient with sb.对某人耐心12. introduce A to B: 把 A 介绍给 B（认识）普天教育 2018 年春季班初二英语讲义 第 9 页 共 23 页13. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事My parents always encourage me to study h
26、ard.14. have a hard time 过的艰难；遇到麻烦15.从句中某些特殊疑问词的另义：what 所的 where的地方 when的时间I believe that the world is what you think it is. 我相信世界就是你 所想的那样！This is where I was born. 这就是我出生的地方。16. the early autumn 初秋17.every time 每次；每当 18. in silence=silently 安静地 All the students are studying hard in silence .19.tur
27、n back 转身 20.without a word 没有说一句话 21.hidden treasure 隐藏的宝藏 22. day by day 一天天地23.circle of friends 朋友圈 24. with a bright smile 带着灿烂的微笑25. stick stuckstuck stickto. . 把粘到上 stick together 粘在一起26.Smile at the world and it will smile back.对世界微笑；世界就会对你报以微笑。M 101.on the radio 广播中2. show /take sb. around带
28、某人参观Let me show you around our school.3. come this way 这边走 4. be on （电影）上映；（电器）开着5. on air 在广播 6.avoid doing sth.避免做某事 You must avoid making the same mistake next time.7. in the background 在幕后；在后面 8. Keep doing sth. 不断做某事9.awful news 坏消息 普天教育 2018 年春季班初二英语讲义 第 10 页 共 23 页10.And thats the end of the
29、six oclock news.六点钟新闻广播完毕。11. seem+形容词：My mom seems very happy today! （做系动词）seem +不定式：My mom seems to be very happy today!He seems to have known the answer already.It seems that+从句：似乎. It seems that it will rain very soon.12. in person=by oneself 亲自；本人 13. look down at 低头看14. Shouldnt you at school?
30、 你不用上学吗？（否定一般疑问句/反问句，表惊讶）15. notbut不是而是. He is not my brother but my father.16. might be listening 可能在 17. do research 做研究 18.look out of 往外看 19.do a sound check 做声音测试20. This was how my first real job in radio began.（表语从句）我第一次在广播电台工作就这样开始的。21.English writing competition 英语写作比赛22. surprised 惊讶的（修饰“人”）surprising 令人惊讶的（修饰“物”）I was quite surprised at the surprising news.短语：be surprised to do sth.做某事感到惊讶be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶to ones surprise 令某人吃惊的是 To my surprise, I passed the exam.23.well done 干得好 24.close down 关闭综合试卷二
