1、 本科毕业设计 题 目: 2009055 调料盒塑料成型工艺与模具设计 专 业: 班 级: 学生姓名: 指导教师: 论文提交日期: 2016 年 5 月 28 日 论文答辩日期: 2016 年 6 月 6 日 摘要 本次设计主要研究的是调料盒 , 在调料盒的塑料成型工艺跟模具方面进行设计。首先对塑件材料 ABS,塑料件的尺寸精度,使用性能,表面质量,结构进行分析,然后利用 CAD 与 PROE 等软件对塑件的体积,重量,模具所需的塑料溶体注射量,锁模力等进行精确计算,随后可以暂定模具生产所需要的设备的选择,制定塑料成型工艺卡。重点在于注射模设计,首先分析可注塑性,对塑件表面质量不可忽视,表面不
2、允许出现明显的接痕,和气泡伤疤,可以利用软件对注塑件可能出现的接痕和气泡进行分析。然后是可制造性,确定型腔数目,模具类型,模具主要结构,在模具主要结构设计中包括型腔布局, 浇口的选择,型面设计,浇注系统设计,排气系统设计,导向机构设计,限位拉杆设计,随后可以确定模具的主要结构。然后选择模架,校准开模行程,计算推出距离,确定推出方式,设计侧抽芯机构,冷却系统,随之可以确定模具的总体结构。分析模具结构功能,其中包括型腔结构,型芯结构,型芯镶件结构,模具导向复位结构。计算成型零件工作尺寸,包括型芯尺寸,型腔尺寸。最后是模具的安装与试模,利用 CAD 绘制模具安装结构图。模具的具体工作过程是开模时,注
3、塑机开、合模系统带动定模座板以后的部分后移,首先由橡胶、尼龙拉模扣的作用在水口板与定模板 之间移动一段距离,把浇口里面的凝料拉断,拉杆端部的与动模座板接触,在带动水口板移动,把主流道里面的凝料拉出来,然后在定模部分的辅助分型面之间自行脱落或由人工取出,完成第一次分型。动模部分一起后移的同时斜滑块在弹簧给的弹力作用下带动侧型芯开始侧抽芯,动模继续后离,斜滑块也继续在弹簧的作用下完成侧抽芯,主分型面分型。因塑件包紧在型芯镶件上,随动模部分继续后移直至推出机构开始工作,注塑机的推杆在推出机构的作用下将塑件从型芯上推出,塑件在动模分型面之间自行脱落,完成第二次分型,即开模过程。合模时,模具在注射机推杆
4、的 作用下,由推杆推动推板在推动复位杆进行复位和导柱导套的定向作用,同时斜滑块在斜楔的作用下向里运动,压缩弹簧,完成合模过程。随后可以进行模具的安装试模,试模前需要一些检验模具闭合高度等的准备工作,然后可以进行模具安装调试,试模,检验完成整个模具设计。因为模具在现代生活中越来越高的使用率,设计模具的长寿命,合理性,模具成本的缩减就显得尤为重要,本次设计中就针对这几点进行了主要设计并取得了理想的预期效果,这次设计使我对现在国内模具发展生产状况有了一定的了解,在模具的合理设计方面有了一定的经验。 关键词: 注塑 模; 调料盒; 长寿命 Abstract The design of the main
5、 research is the condiment box,in the box of plastic molding process and mold design. First plastic material of ABS, the dimensional precision of plastic parts, performance, surface quality, structure analysis, and use CAD and proe software on the plastic parts of the volume, weight, plastic mold wi
6、th the required solution injection quantity, clamping force etc. for accurate calculation, then can temporarily fixing mold production equipment and the development of plastic injection molding process card. Focusing on the design of the injection mold. Firstly, it analyzes the injection molding, an
7、d surface quality of plastic parts can not be ignored, the surface does not allow appear obvious marks, and the bubble scar, you can use the software of injection molded parts may occur after mark and bubbles were analyzed. The main structure and manufacturability, determine the number of cavity, th
8、e types of mold, die structure and in the design of the main structure of the mold including cavity layout, the choice of gate, surface design, gating system design, exhaust system design, the design of steering mechanism, limiting pull rod design, then you can determine the mold. Then select the mo
9、ld base, calibration mould opening stroke calculation launch distance to determine the launch mode, design of side core pulling mechanism, cooling system, with the attendant can determine the overall structure of the mold. Analysis of mold structure function, including the cavity structure, core str
10、ucture, core insert structure, mold guide reset structure. Calculate the working dimensions of the molding parts, including the core size, the size of the cavity. Finally, the mold installation and test mode, the use of CAD drawing die installation structure. Specific working process of mold is a mo
11、ld, injection molding machine, synthetic simulation system drives the fixed mould seat plate part after the shift, first by the die of rubber and nylon bucklebetween the nozzle plate and the fixed template moving at a distance, to pull off the gate inside the aggregates, tie rod end with a movable m
12、ould seat plate contact, in driving the movement of the nozzle plate, the main channel inside the condensate is expected to pull out, and then the fixed mould part assisted by surface between off on their own or by manual removal, completed the first time typing. Moving mould part together after the
13、 shift and angle slide block in the spring to the action of the elastic force of the drive side core began to side core pulling and moving die continues after moving a certain distance, slanting slide also continue to under the action of the spring to complete side core pulling, the main sub surface
14、 type. According to the plastic package tightly on the core insert. With the moving mould part to shift until launch mechanism began to work, the push rod of the injection molding machine in the agency launched the plastic parts from the core launch, plastic parts in the moving mold surface between
15、off on their own, to complete the second type, namely the opening process. When the mold, mold in injection molding machines of the push rod, by the push rod, the push board in promoting the reset rod directional function of reset and guide pin guide sleeve, also slanting slide in under the action o
16、f the wedge to move, compression spring, to complete the mold process. Then can carry on the mold installation test mold, before the test mold needs some to test the mold closing height and so on the preparation work, then may carry on the mold installation debugging, the test mold, the test complet
17、es the entire mold design. Mold products are precision machinery, it mainly consists of mechanical parts and bodies, such as forming working parts, parts orientation, positioning parts, supporting parts, positioning components and feed mechanism, core-pulling mechanism, introduced institutions. Mold
18、 and the corresponding forming equipment (such as punching, plastic injection machine, die-casting machine, etc. ) supporting the use of, may directly alter the shape of metal or non-metallic materials, size, relative position and performance, shaping the work piece for qualified. Mold manufacturing
19、 mold design is the basis for rational design of the right mold to ensure correct; mold manufacturing technology to improve the mold quality, service life, accuracy and shorten the manufacturing cycle is of great significance mold; mold quality, service life, manufacturing precision and the passing
20、rate depends largely on the manufacture of mold materials and heat treatment; mold costs directly related to the work piece, the cost and economic efficiency of enterprises mold; determine the accuracy of the die components parts precision; dies life expectancy and the mold materials and heat treatm
21、ent, mold structure and the production of materials processing, and many other factors; and mold die design and manufacturing and use of mold performance and safety; and mold die design and manufacturing standards are the basis of the same, large scale, specialized production mold is a very importan
22、t role in standardization of the level of mold is a sign of mold level of industrial development. The use of caxa for design and drawing, caxa tool for computer aided drawing, is a professional mechanical surface mapping software, has a strong image processing functions.Because the mold in the moder
23、n life more and more high using rate, long life of the mold design, rationality, tooling cost reduction is particularly important, this design is aiming at these points were mainly design and achieved the desired results, this design makes me now die in the domestic development situation of producti
24、on have a certain understanding, in the rational design of the mold with some experience. Key words: plastic injection mould; the condiment box; long life 1 目 录 引言 . 1 第一章塑件材料选择性能 . 2 1.1 ABS 材料分析 . 2 1.2 塑料成型工艺性能分析 . 2 1.2.1 收缩性 . 2 1.2.2 流动性 . 3 1.2.3 热敏感性 . 3 第二章塑料件的结构工艺 . 5 2.1 塑料件的尺寸精度分析 . 5 2.
25、2 塑料件的表面质量分析 . 5 2.3 塑料件的结构分析 . 5 第三章成型设备的选择和成型工艺的制定 . 7 3.1 成型参数的确 定 . 7 3.2 塑件的体积和重量的计算 . 7 3.2.1 利用 PRO/E 进行体积的计算 . 7 3.2.2 四组调料盒重量的计算 . 7 3.3 模具所需塑料熔体注射量 . 8 3.4 锁模力的计算 . 8 第四章注射模设计 . 10 2 4.1 可行性分析 . 10 4.1.1 可注塑性分析 . 10 4.1.2 可制造性分析 . 11 4.1.3 型腔数目的确定 . 11 4.2 确定模具的类型 . 12 4.3 确定模具的主要结构 . 12 4
26、.3.1 模具型腔布局、浇口的选择 . 12 4.3.2 分型 面的设计 . 14 4.3.3 浇注系统的设计 . 14 4.4 排气系统 . 17 4.5 导向机构的设计 . 17 4.5.1 导向机构的功用 . 17 4.5.2 导向机构的设计 . 17 4.5.3 设计导套和导柱须注意的事项 . 18 4.6 限位拉杆的设计 . 18 4.7 确定模具的主要结构 . 19 4.8 模架的选择 . 20 4.9 开模行程的校核与推出矩离 . 21 4.10 推出方式的确定 . 21 4.11 侧抽芯机构的设计 . 22 4.11.1 抽芯距 S 抽 . 22 4.11.2 滑块与导滑槽的
27、设计 . 23 3 4.12 冷却系统的设计 . 24 4.13 模具的总体结构 . 24 4.14 模具结构功能 . 25 4.14.1 型腔结构 . 25 4.14.2 型芯及型芯镶件结构 . 26 4.15 计算成型零 件工作尺寸 . 26 4.15.1 型腔尺寸 . 26 4.15.2 型芯尺寸 . 27 第五章安装与试模 . 29 5.1 模具的安装结构图 . 29 5.2 模具工作过程 . 30 5.3 模具的安装试模 . 30 5.3.1 试模前的准备 . 30 5.3.2 模具的安装及调试 . 31 5.3.3 试模 . 31 5.3.4 检验 . 32 结论 . 33 参考文
28、献 . 34 致谢 . 35 附录 . 36 沈阳化工大学科亚学院学士学位论文 引言 1 引言 在开展模具具体设计之前,先对塑料模具工业进行详尽了解,这也就使我对自己课题的意义有所了解。首先要对模具有一个整体的认识。模具作为工业基础,模具的 质量、精度、寿命对其他工业的发展起着十分重要的作用,在国际上也占有着重要的地位,对经济发展起着不可以忽视的作用。模具工业是制造业中的一项基础产业,是技术成果转化的基础,塑料模具工业是随塑料工业的发展而发展的。 现如今,世界的塑料产量已超过有色金属产量的总和。塑料模具就是利用特定形状去成型具有一定 形状和尺寸的塑料制品的工艺基础装备。用塑料模具生产的主要优点
29、是制造简便、材料利用高、生产率高、产品的尺寸规格一致。我国,很多人已经认识到模具在制造中的重要基础地位,成为衡量一个国家制造业水平高低的重要标志,并在很大程度上决定着产品质量、效益和新产品的开发能力。我国塑料模工业从起步到现在,历经半个多世纪,有了很大发展,模具水平有了较大提高。 我国模具工业起步晚,与工业发达国家相比有很大的差距,但在国家产业政策和与之配套的一系列国家经济政策的支持和引导下,我国模具工业发展迅速。从总体上看,自产自用占主导地位 ,国内模具生产仍供不应求,特别是精密、大型、复杂、长寿命模具,仍主要依赖进口。因此,近年来我国模具发展的重点放在精密、大型、复杂、长寿命模具上,并取得
30、了可喜的成绩,模具进口逐渐下降,模具技术和水平也有长足的进步。我国模具年生产总量虽然已位居世界第三,但设计制造水平在总体上要比工业发达 国家落后许多,纵观发达国家对模具工业的认识与重视,我们感受到制造理念陈旧则是我国模具工业发展滞后的直接原因。模具技术水平的高低,决定着产品的质量、效益和新产品开发能力,它已成为衡量一个国家制造业水平高低的重要标志。因此,模具是国家重点鼓励与支持发展的技术和产品。提高模具标准化水平和模具标准件的使用率。模具标准件是模具基础,因此我们要特别注重对知识的更新与学习,实现产、学、研相结合,培养更多的模具人才,搞好技术创新,提高模具设计制造水平。在信息社会和经济全球化不断发展的进程中,模具行业发展趋势主要是模具产品向 着更大型、更精密、更复杂及更经济快速方面发展 ,技术含量不断提高, CAD 是当代计算机应用的一个重要领域,广泛应用于图纸绘画设计与模型建立。